Syntozyga similispirographa Yang & Yu, 2021

Yang, Wenxu, Dong, Ruiqin, Song, Xueling & Yu, Haili, 2021, The genus Syntozyga Lower (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in China, with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 1028, pp. 95-111 : 95

Syntozyga similispirographa Yang & Yu sp. nov. (Figs 4 , 8a , 12a , 14)

Type material.

Holotype: China, Yunnan Prov.: 1♂, Longling, Xiaoheishan Reserve, 24°52'N, 98°84'E, alt. 1970 m, 30 Jul. 2015, leg. Kaijian Teng and Baixia, genitalia slide no. YWX18337. Paratypes: China, Yunnan Prov.: 3♂, same data as holotype except 17-19 Jul. 2013, leg. Shurong Liu, Yuqi Wang and Kaijian Teng; 1♂, Pu’er, Mt. Yunpan, 22°41'N, 100°39'E, alt. 1400 m, 9 Jul. 2013, leg. Zhenguo Zhang; 1♂, same data except alt. 1620 m, 6 Aug. 2020, leg. Wenxu Yang; 1♂, Pu’er, Sun River Reserve, 22°35'N, 101°06'E, alt. 1600 m, 11 Jul. 2013, leg. Zhenguo Zhang; 16♂, same data except alt. 1450 m, 13 May-3 Jun. 2014; 8♂, 2♀, Pu’er, Sun River Reserve, 22°60'N, 101°11'E, alt. 1630 m, 6-7 Jul. 2013, leg. Shurong Liu, Yuqi Wang and Kaijian Teng; 1♂, Pu’er, Sun River Reserve, 22°68'N, 101°03'E, alt. 1450 m, 6 Jul. 2015, leg. Kaijian Teng; 1♀, Jingdong, 22°60'N, 101°11'E, 18 Aug. 2009, leg. Xicui Du.

BOLD voucher no.

TORTR002-20, TORTR007-20.

Diagnosis.

Syntozyga similispirographa is very similar to S. spirographa in external appearance. The shape of the hindwing termen is the only stable superficial character to identify the two species, it is concave at M2 in S. similispirographa and straight in S. spirographa. However, the genitalia in both sexes are distinct. In S. similispirographa , the apical part of the cucullus is obviously narrow, less than half the width of the median part of the valva; the basal excavation is short, reaching only to mid length of sacculus; the naked triangular lobe is adjacent to the spine patch of cucullus, its base is distant from the cluster of long spines of sacculus; the phallus is moderately wide, with its width at middle about 1/5 its length. In S. spirographa , the apical part of cucullus is rounded, more than 2/3 the width of the median part of the valva; the long basal excavation is extending to 2/3 length of sacculus; the naked, triangular lobe is situated between the spine patch of cucullus and the cluster of long spines on sacculus, its base is adjacent to the spine cluster; the phallus is slender, its width in middle is about 1/8 its length. In the female genitalia of S. similispirographa the sterigma is complex and not flat, including the anteriorly raised, spinulose lamella antevaginalis and two naked, concave lateral extensions. In S. spirographa , the sterigma is relatively uniform structure, indicated by the large, wholly spinulose lamella antevaginalis which is extending posteriorly and laterally. Externally S. similispirographa also resembles S. apicispinata , but the leaden striae on the forewing and the relatively darker, more grayish hindwing separate it from the latter species.

Description.

Adult (Fig. 8 ). Forewing length 5.0-7.0 mm in male, 5.5-7.0 mm in female. Head (Fig. 4 ): ocellus well developed; chaetosemata present. Frons smooth, white; vertex roughly scaled, creamy. Antenna with scape creamy, flagellum brown. Labial palpus porrect to ascending, pale creamy, median segment widened in distal half, dusted with brown and dark brown laterally, terminal segment slender, about half length of median segment, sparsely or slightly dusted with brown.

Thorax: creamy, dusted with brown medially; posterior crest distinct. Collar creamy. Tegula dark brown basally and creamy suffused with yellow and pale brown distally. Hind tibia not expanded, without hair pencil in male. Forewing elongate subrectangular, costa lightly curved throughout, apex rounded-rectangular, termen oblique; upperside ground color creamy white, markings dark brown dusted densely with yellow; costal strigulae creamy white, basal two pairs suffused with yellow; basal fascia broken, indicated by a small blotch below base of costa and a short streak on inner margin of wing; subbasal fascia represented by a darker brown spot on costa, an oblique blotch between 2/5 length of cell and 1/3 length of 1A+2A, and several faint ripples above the basal part of dorsum; leaden striae from strigulae three and four distinct on disc of cell and extending obliquely to 2/3 length of dorsum and confluent with significant leaden striae from strigulae five and six below distal part of lower edge of cell, thus separating media fascia; upper part of media fascia fused with costal part of postmedian fascia, forming a large, somewhat inverted triangular patch, lower part of media fascia between distal part of cell and dorsum, oblique triangular; a darker brown dot on outer edge of cell often present; pretornal patch distinguishable, oblique elongate; lower part of postmedian fascia oblique, present between midlength of R4 and 2/3 length of M2, surrounded by leaden striae from distal five pairs of costal strigulae, which broadly extend to tornus; preterminal fascia indistinguishable; terminal fascia a narrow streak, extending along termen to M2; cilia pale brown mixed dark brown and creamy; underside yellowish brown to brown. Hindwing subtriangular, termen nearly straight (Fig. 8a ); pale gray-brown to pale brown; cilia gray to pale brown; underside pale gray to pale brown.

Abdomen: male genitalia (Fig. 12 ): tegumen low, with a rounded or triangular top; vinculum a narrow band; socii indicated by a narrow spine patch, below margin of tegument apex; gnathos a weakly sclerotized band; valva somewhat triangular, basal half gradually widening, medially about twice as wide as distal part of cucullus; basal excavation short, distal edge reaching about 1/2 length of sacculus; sacculus broad, almost naked except for prominent and rounded apex bearing a cluster of very long spines; cucullus triangular, gradually narrowed to apex, apex rounded-acute, disc area with an elongate semicircular patch of spines, an acute triangular lobe proximate to this spine patch ventrally, naked, with its base distant from the cluster of long spine on sacculus (Fig. 12a ); a rounded lobe projecting along basal half of ventral margin, short, sparsely set with fine spines; apex with dense spines dorsally; phallus moderately long and wide, tapering towards apex, without cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 14 ): papilla analis narrow and elongate. Sternum 7 weakly sclerotized and with a concave hind margin. Sterigma an irregularly shaped complex structure, lamella antevaginalis broad, spinulose, raised medially and with a longitudinal groove anteriorly, ostium flanked by two concave, naked and petal-shaped pockets. Ductus bursae membranous and smooth, with weakly sclerotized and ill-defined colliculum, faintly widening towards corpus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate, weakly granular, without signa.

Etymology.

This specific name is derived from the Latin prefix simil - (= similar) and the taxon name Syntozyga spirographa , referring to the similarity of this new species to S. spirographa (Diakonoff).

Molecular data analyses

All results are based on 18 COI gene sequences belonging to the six species listed in Suppl. material 1: Table S1. Of these, 11 sequences were newly obtained, and seven sequences were taken from GenBank. All sequences are 658 bp in length, and the genetic distances are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S2. The interspecific genetic distances within the six species varied from 1.4% ( S. spirographa to S. similispirographa ) to 8.9% ( S. apicispinata to S. spirographa ), and the average divergence is 6.5%. The intraspecific divergence in the six species (including the unidentified species, Syntozyga sp.) varied from 0 to 1.5% ( S. sedifera , individual of S. apicispinata from Yunnan to those from Tibet) and the average divergence is 0.4%. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree (Fig. 15 ) covering the above six species was generated for facilitating species delimitation. Six well-supported clades of Syntozyga sequences are revealed by the NJ tree, each clade of which represents one species.

Figures

Figure 15. Neighbor-joining Tree, based on DNA barcodes of Syntozyga species. Numbers above / below branches refer to bootstrap proportions.

Figures 1 - 4. Heads of Syntozyga 1 S. pedias, Hainan (male) 2 S. apicispinata sp. nov., Tibet (male holotype) 3 S. spirographa, Hainan (male) 4 S. similispirographa sp. nov., Yunnan (male holotype). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figures 5 - 8. Adults of Syntozyga 5 S. pedias, Hainan (male) 6 S. apicispinata sp. nov., Tibet (male holotype) 7 S. spirographa, Hainan (male) 7 a termen of hindwing 8 S. similispirographa sp. nov., Yunnan (male holotype) 8 a termen of hindwing. Scale bars: 1.5 mm.

Figures 9 - 12. Male genitalia of Syntozyga 9 S. pedias, Hainan, slide no. YHL 07156 10 S. apicispinata sp. nov. (holotype), Tibet, slide no. LYY 18320 10 a naked lobes 10 b cornuti 11 S. spirographa, Hainan, slide no. LKL 15037 12 S. similispirographa sp. nov. (paratype), Yunnan, slide no. YWX 18337 12 a naked lobe. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figures 13, 14. Female genitalia of Syntozyga 13 S. spirographa, Fujian, slide no. YWX 18338 14 S. similispirographa sp. n. (paratype), Yunnan, slide no. YWX 18342. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.