Cyclosomus philippinus Heller

Kavanaugh, David H. & Cueva-Dabkoski, Mollie, 2023, A Review of Genus Cyclosomus Latreille (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae: Cyclosomini) in Asia., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (21), pp. 493-537 : 515-517

Cyclosomus philippinus Heller

Figures 10 , 14F , 16E , 17E , 21

Cyclosomus philippinus Heller, 1923:302 . HOLOTYPE, a female, deposited in SMTD. Type locality: Philippines, Luzon Island, Laguna Province, Los Baños. Andrewes (1926:349); Csiki (1932:1295).

Diagnosis. Adults of C. philippinus can be distinguished from those of other Cyclosomus species in Asia by the following combination of character states: Body size medium for genus, BL males = 7.2 to 7.6 mm, females = 7.0 to 7.5 mm; pronotum ( Fig. 14F ) relatively narrow (ratio PWM/PL = 2.06 to 2.33) and less broadened basally (ratio PWM/PWA = 1.45 to 1.59), with disc piceous to black and lateral pale bands wide and well-defined, anterior angles broadly rounded, lateral margins not sinuate near anterior angles; free apex of prosternal intercoxal process long (as in Fig. 15C ); elytral dark pattern varied ( Figs. 10A, C ) [slight blue cast to the dark elements seen in Fig. 10A is an imaging artifact], with basal and middle bands of average to greater than average thickness for the genus, preapical dark spot absent; elytral epipleura with long setae over entire length; median lobe of male genitalia with shaft arcuate basally and nearly straight subapically, tapered to a long and pointed apical lamella in lateral aspect ( Fig. 16E ), shaft moderately broad basally, gradually tapered to moderately broad, apically blunted, and sublanceolate apical lamella in dorsal aspect ( Fig. 17E ); specimen from Philippine Islands ( Fig. 21 ).

Only C. philippinus and C. flexuosus members share elytral epipleura with long setae over their entire length. Specimens of these two species can be distinguished by the presence (in C. flexuosus ) or absence (in C. philippinus ) of a preapical dark spot. Males of the two species also differ distinctly in the shape and curvature of the median lobe in lateral aspect (compare Fig. 16B with Fig. 16E ) and shape of the apical lamella in dorsal aspect (compare Fig. 17B with Fig. 17E ).

Habitat distribution. Unknown, but presumed to be restricted to the sandy shores of medium to large rivers at low elevation, like members of most other species of the genus.

Geographical distribution. We examined a total of six specimens (four males and two females) from the following localities: PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island: Los Baños (C.F. Baker collector [one female; SMTD]), Zambales Mountains ( Pili , 150 m, 5-7 November 1998, Mey and Spiedel collectors [two males and one female; MFNB]). Specimens without locality: (“ Acc. No. 4696” and “ Acc. No. 5451”, C.S. Banks collector [two males; MFNB]) .

This species is known only from Luzon Island, Philippines ( Fig. 21 ).

Geographical variation. The range of variation in the thickness of the middle dark band of the elytra seen among specimens examined is shown in Figs. 10A and 10C , with the holotype specimen presenting the thickest band seen. We were unable to identify any geographical component to this variation in our sample of specimens.

Geographical relationships with other Cyclosomus species. No other congeneric species is known to occur in the Philippines; and the nearest Cyclosomus records are for C. inustus , on Taiwan (about 1000 km to the north) and Hong Kong and Guangdong Province (across the South China Sea and more than 1100 km distant to the northwest).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Cyclosomus philippinus Heller. A. Holotype female, dorsal habitus (photograph by Olaf Jäger); B. Labels associated with holotype; C. Pale male (Zambales Mountains, Luzon Island, Philippines). Scale lines = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 14. Pronota, Cyclosomus spp., dorsal aspect. A. C. acutangulus Kavanaugh and Cueva-Dabkoski (Bhalukpong, Arunachal Pradesh, India); B. C. flexuosus (Fabricius) (Hetauda, Bagmati Province, Nepal); C. C. inustus Andrewes, holotype (Hong Kong, China); D. C. marginatus Motschulsky (India); E. C. pallidus Kavanaugh and Cueva- Dabkoski sp. nov. (Karachi, Sindh Province, Pakistan); F. C. philippinus Heller (Pili, Zambales Mountains, Luzon, Philippines); G. C. sumatrensis Bouchard (Taman Negra National Park, Pahang, Malaysia); H. C. suturalis (Wiedemann), lectotype (“Bengala”, India); I. C. vespertilio Cueva-Dabkoski and Kavanaugh sp. nov. Scale lines = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16. Male genitalia, Cyclosomus spp., left lateral aspect. A. C. acutangulus Kavanaugh and Cueva-Dabkoski (Longchuan Jiang at Longjiang Bridge, Wuhe Township, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China); B. C. flexuosus Dejean (Karaikal, Puducherry, India); C. C. inustus Andrewes (“China”); D. C. marginatus Motschulsky (“Bengal”, India); E. C. philippinus Heller (Pili, Zambales Mountains, Luzon, Philippines); F. C. sumatrensis Bouchard (Taman Negara, Pahang, Malaysia); G. C. suturalis (Wiedemann), lectotype (“Bengala”, India); H. C. verspertilio Cueva-Dabkoski and Kavanaugh sp. nov. (New Delhi, Delhi, India). Scale lines = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 17. Male genitalia, Cyclosomus spp., dorsal aspect. A. C. acutangulus Kavanaugh and Cueva-Dabkoski (Longchuan Jiang at Longjiang Bridge, Wuhe Township, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China); B. C. flexuosus Dejean (Karaikal, Puducherry, India); C. C. inustus Andrewes (“China”); D. C. marginatus Motschulsky (“Bengal”, India); E. C. philippinus Heller (Pili, Zambales Mountains, Luzon, Philippines); F. C. sumatrensis Bouchard (Taman Negara, Pahang, Malaysia); G. C. suturalis (Wiedemann), lectotype (“Bengala”, India); H. C. verspertilio Cueva-Dabkoski and Kavanaugh sp. nov. (New Delhi, Delhi, India). Scale lines = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 21. Map showing distribution of locality records for Cyclosomus specimens examined. Yellow highlighted area with black question mark = type area for C. marginatus Motschulsky; white square = C. pallidus Kavanaugh and Cueva-Dabkoski sp. nov.; white circles = C. philippinus Heller. Modified from Wikimedia Commons, World Atlas of the World, at URL: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Whole_world_-_land_and_oceans_12000.jpg>. Scale line = 500 km.

FIGURE 15. Prosternal intercoxal process, Cyclosomus spp., left lateral aspect. A. C. acutangulus Kavanaugh and Cueva-Dabkoski (Longchuan Jiang at Longjiang Bridge, Wuhe Township, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China); B. C. flexuosus Dejean (Cinkona, Anamalia Hills, Tamil Nadu, India); C. C. sumatrensis Bouchard (Taman Negara, Pahang, Malaysia); D. C. verspertilio Cueva-Dabkoski and Kavanaugh sp. nov. (New Delhi, Delhi, India). Scale lines = 0.5 mm.