Hypothenemus japonicus ( Niisima, 1910: 10 ) (Cryphalus)

Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 1, pp. 1-81 : 37-38

Hypothenemus japonicus ( Niisima, 1910: 10) (Cryphalus) .

Hypothenemus javanus ( Eggers, 1908: 215) (Stephanoderes) .

= Stephanoderes obesus Hopkins, 1915: 30 (syn: Wood, 1957b).

= Stephanoderes brunneus Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Bright, 2019.

= Stephanoderes frontalis Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes philippinensis Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Wood, 1975b).

= Stephanoderes bananensis Eggers, 1922: 167 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes kalshoveni Schedl, 1939c: 35 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes cryphalomorphus Schedl, 1939e: 14 (syn: Wood, 1977a).

= Stephanoderes bituberculatus Eggers, 1940a: 126 (syn: Wood, 1977a).

= Stephanoderes subagnatus Eggers, 1940b: 101 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes pistor Schedl, 1951e: 102 (syn: Wood, 1976).

= Stephanoderes prosper Schedl, 1951e: 103 (syn: Wood, 1976).

Hypothenemus kamathi Beaver, 1995: 16 .

Hypothenemus kraunhiae Murayama, 1950: 50 .

Hypothenemus lefevrei ( Schedl, 1952d: 8) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus leprieuri ( Perris, 1866: 194) (Dryocoetes) .

= Stephanoderes albipilis Reitter, 1887: 195 (syn: Eggers, 1940e).

= Dryocoetes kraussei Wichmann, 1911: 210 (syn: Eggers, 1921). Hypothenemus leptosquamus Bright, 2019: 152 .

Hypothenemus liberiensis ( Hopkins, 1915: 31) (Stephanoderes) .

= Stephanoderes theobromae Eggers, 1932: 32 (syn: Wood, 1968). Hypothenemus liliputianus Bright, 2019: 152 .

Hypothenemus lineatus ( Eggers, 1927a: 175) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus longipennis ( Eggers, 1935: 305) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus longipilis Schedl, 1952a: 451 .

Hypothenemus loranthus ( Schedl, 1942d: 8) (Margadillius) comb. nov. [ Margadillius ].

Hypothenemus macrolobii ( Eggers, 1940c: 234) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus madagascariensis Schedl, 1953c: 82 .

Hypothenemus magnus ( Eggers, 1924: 102) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus major Browne, 1970: 555 .

Hypothenemus malayensis ( Schedl, 1977c: 499) (Lepiceriodes) .

Hypothenemus mallyi ( Hopkins, 1915: 32) (Stephanoderes) .

= Stephanoderes soussouensis Eggers, 1943b: 74 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

Hypothenemus malus ( Schedl, 1957b: 56) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus mangovorus Schedl, 1961b: 134 .

Hypothenemus marginatus Johnson nom. nov.

= Periocryphalus sobrinus Wood, 1974a: 22 syn. nov.

Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Periocryphalus sobrinus Wood, 1974 following the generic synonymy of Hypothenemus and Periocryphalus , creating conflict with Stephanoderes sobrinus Schedl, 1965a . The replacement name is an adjective, referencing the prominent posterolateral margin of the elytra. The holotype of Periocryphalus sobrinus Wood, 1974 at BMNH is lost and erroneously replaced with a Cnesinus sp. , which clearly does not match the species description. A paratype at USNM collected from the same location on a different date matches the original and subsequent descriptions of the species. (Labeled ‘ PARATYPE // Periocryphalus // sobrinus // S. L. Wood 1972 //// Periocryphalus //sobrinus//.72 Wood // S. L. Wood // RS/RGS Exp. Brazil // 12′31′S 51′46′W //// R. A. Beaver F03 // 7.XI.1968 //// S. L. Wood Collection //// USNMENT 01448187’.) Since this species is the type of the genus Periocryphalus , the stability of the name-bearing type is critical. Therefore, the single remaining specimen in the type series at USNM is designated as a neotype of Periocryphalus sobrinus

Wood, 1974a, and subsequently, the neotype of Hypothenemus marginatus Johnson.

Hypothenemus marshalli ( Eggers, 1936b: 36) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus mateui ( Schedl, 1965g: 198) ( Stephanoderes ).

Hypothenemus melanarius ( Schedl, 1953c: 80) (Cosmoderes) .

Hypothenemus melasomus ( Lea, 1910: 140) (Cryphalus) .

Hypothenemus meridensis Wood, 2007: 506 .

Hypothenemus miles ( LeConte, 1878: 433) (Cryphalus) .

Hypothenemus minor ( Eggers, 1927a: 178) (Adiaeretus) .

Hypothenemus modestus ( Murayama, 1940: 236) (Cryphalus) .

Hypothenemus morigerus ( Schedl, 1957b: 57) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus morio ( Eggers, 1940b: 101) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus morosus Schedl, 1965a: 57 .

Hypothenemus mozambiquensis Eggers, 1943b: 75 .

Hypothenemus mulongensis ( Eggers, 1940c: 235) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus multidentatulus ( Schedl, 1962f: 95) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus multidentatus ( Hopkins, 1915: 28) (Stephanoderes) . = Stephanoderes ferrugineus Hopkins, 1915: 29 (syn: Wood, 1972b). = Stephanoderes nitidifrons Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Wood, 1972b). = Hypothenemus hopkinsi Browne, 1963b: 53 (syn: Wood, 1972b). Hypothenemus multipunctatus ( Schedl, 1939c: 36) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus muticus ( Schedl, 1961b: 136) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus namosianus Browne, 1983a: 78 .

Hypothenemus nanellus Wood, 1971: 34 .

Hypothenemus nanoparvus Bright, 2019: 154 .

Hypothenemus natalensis ( Schedl, 1941a: 392) (Archeophalus) .

Hypothenemus nesiotus Bright, 2019: 154 .

Hypothenemus nigropiceus ( Schedl, 1951c: 20) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus novateutonicus ( Schedl, 1951e: 105) (Ptilopodius) comb. nov. [ Ptilopodius ].

Hypothenemus obscurifrons Bright, 2019: 155 .

Hypothenemus obscurus ( Fabricius, 1801: 395) (Hylesinus) .

= Stephanoderes asperulus Eichhoff, 1872a: 133 .

= Stephanoderes cassiae Eichhoff, 1878b: 152 .

= Hypothenemus kuennemanni Reitter, 1902: 140 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes moschatae Schaufuss, 1905: 8 (syn: Wood, 1972b). = Stephanoderes rufescens Hopkins, 1915: 29 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes buscki Hopkins, 1915: 30 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes amazonicus Eggers, 1934: 78 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Hypothenemus emarginatus Schedl, 1942d: 11 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

Remarks: Bright (2019) noted that Hypothenemus seriatus (Eichhoff, 1872) was a junior synonym of H. obscurus ( Fabricius, 1801) , as it was synonymized by Wood (1954), based on a specimen compared with the type by Eggers, but the synonymy was largely ignored (including by Wood). We consider the synonymy originally proposed by Wood to be rejected. Hypothenemus obscurus is a highly damaging pest which is not present in some areas where H. seriatus is present. We found that the species were sister in the phylogeny. The morphological differences have been well documented ( Vega et al., 2015), and they are genetically distinct ( Mitchell and Maddox 2010, Johnson et al 2018). It is possible that there is much more variation than documented which may make definitive identification by morphology difficult or impossible, but more evidence would be needed to justify grouping the distinct morphotypes as one species, as well as alternative recognition of the pestiferous beetles which devastate the macadamia and other tropical nut industries. The economic and policy implications of the synonymy could hinder the necessary biosecurity measures to prevent the pest species establishing in other areas.

Hypothenemus opacus ( Eichhoff, 1872a: 132) (Stephanoderes) .

= Hypothenemus dolosus Wood, 1974a: 21 (syn: Bright, 2019). Hypothenemus paradoxus Schedl, 1964c: 45 . Hypothenemus parallelus ( Hopkins, 1915: 25) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus parasquamosus Bright, 2019: 160 . Hypothenemus parvulosus Bright, 2019: 160 . Hypothenemus parvulus Browne, 1984d: 93 . Hypothenemus paulus Bright, 2019: 162 . Hypothenemus perappositus ( Schedl, 1934: 91) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus perexiguus Bright, 2019: 162 . Hypothenemus perhispidus ( Eggers, 1927a: 177) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus perpunctatus ( Eggers, 1940c: 233) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus piaparolinae Johnson, Atkinson and Hulcr, 2016: 418 . Hypothenemus pilosus Hopkins, 1915: 20 . Hypothenemus ponticus Bright, 2019: 164 . Hypothenemus praecellens ( Schedl, 1972c: 288) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus pubescens Hopkins, 1915: 19 .

= Hypothenemus subelongatus Hopkins, 1915: 19 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes opacifrons Hopkins, 1915: 25 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Hypothenemus minutissimus Schedl, 1952a: 450 (syn: Wood, 1989). Hypothenemus pubipennis ( Eggers, 1935: 305) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus puertoricensis ( Bright and Torres, 2006: 409) (Trischidias) . Hypothenemus pullus ( Wood, 1971: 33) (Periocryphalus) comb. nov. [ Periocryphalus ]. Hypothenemus pygmaeomorphus Bright, 2019: 166 . Hypothenemus rotundicollis ( Eichhoff,1878a: 385) (Stephanoderes) .

= Stephanoderes sculpturatus Eichhoff, 1878a: 385 syn. nov. (syn: Eichhoff, 1896).

= Stephanoderes rotundicollis Eichhoff, 1878b: 45 syn. nov.

= Stephanoderes sculpturatus Eichhoff, 1878b: 45 syn. nov.

= Stephanoderes quercus Hopkins, 1915: 32 syn. nov. Hypothenemus rubrithorax Bright, 2019: 168 . Hypothenemus ruficeps Perkins, 1900: 181 . Hypothenemus rugifer ( Schedl, 1965d: 9) (Pachynoderes) . Hypothenemus ruginosus Wood, 1989: 178 .

= Pachynoderes rugifer Schedl, 1977a: 395 (syn: Wood, 1989) (Permanently invalid name due to primary homonymy). Hypothenemus rugosipes Wood, 2007: 515 . Hypothenemus sambesianus Eggers, 1943b: 74 . Hypothenemus sapporoensis ( Niisima, 1910: 3) (Cryphalus) . Hypothenemus sassaensis ( Eggers, 1924: 102) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus schedli Browne, 1963b: 54 .

= Stephanoderes pubescens Schedl, 1942d: 18 (syn: Browne, 1963b). Hypothenemus scutiae ( Schedl, 1959c: 708) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus seoulensis Choo and Woo, 1989: 58 . Hypothenemus seriatus ( Eichhoff, 1872a: 133) (Stephanoderes) stat. res.

= Stephanoderes pulverulentus Eichhoff, 1872a: 133 (syn: Wood, 1973).

= Stephanoderes vulgaris Schaufuss, 1897: 209 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes georgiae Hopkins, 1915: 26 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes minutus Hopkins, 1915: 26 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes texanus Hopkins, 1915: 26 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes ficus Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes fiebrigi Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes floridensis Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes pini Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes salicis Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes tamarindi Hopkins, 1915: 27 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes lucasi Hopkins, 1915: 28 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes soltaui Hopkins, 1915: 28 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes virentis Hopkins, 1915: 28 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes nitidipennis Hopkins, 1915: 29 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes nitidulus Hopkins, 1915: 29 (syn: Wood, 1977c).

= Stephanoderes pecanis Hopkins, 1915: 29 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes subopacicollis Hopkins, 1915: 30 (syn: Wood, 1977c).

= Stephanoderes niger Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Hypothenemus robustus Blackman, 1922a: 88 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Hypothenemus cassavaensis Schedl, 1938a: 453 (syn: Wood, 1989).

= Stephanoderes hawaiiensis Schedl, 1941b: 112 (syn: Wood, 1989).

= Stephanoderes darwinensis Schedl, 1942c: 178 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Hypothenemus striatulus Schedl, 1942d: 12 (syn: Wood, 1989).

= Hypothenemus marovoayi Schedl, 1953c: 81 (syn: Wood, 1989).

= Stephanoderes andersoni Wood, 1954: 1045 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes liquidambarae Wood, 1954: 1046 (syn: Wood, 1972b).

= Stephanoderes asperatus Schedl, 1967c: 226 (syn: Wood, 1989). Hypothenemus setiferous Bright, 2019: 169 .

Hypothenemus setosus ( Eichhoff, 1868: 391) (Hypoborus) .

= Stephanoderes congonus Hagedorn, 1912a: 337 (syn: Wood, 1975b).

Hypothenemus simoni ( Reitter, 1887: 194) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus sobrinus ( Schedl, 1965a: 58) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus socialis ( Schedl, 1957b: 57) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus solitarius ( Schedl, 1950a: 24) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus solivagus Bright, 2019: 171 .

Hypothenemus solocis Wood, 1974a: 21 .

Hypothenemus sparsedentatus ( Schedl, 1942c: 178) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus sparsus Hopkins, 1915: 20 .

= Hypothenemus similis Hopkins, 1915: 20 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Stephanoderes tridentatus Hopkins, 1915: 31 (syn: Wood, 1954). Hypothenemus spinatus ( Schedl, 1977b: 282) (Miocryphalus) .

Hypothenemus spinicollis ( Schedl, 1965a: 59) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus spinosus ( Schedl, 1979c: 98) (Lepiceroides) .

Hypothenemus squamosulus Johnson nom. nov. [ Ptilopodius ].

= Ptilopodius squamosus Schedl, 1953b: 294 syn. nov. (secondary homonym).

Remarks: A replacement name is proposed for Ptilopodius squamosus Schedl, 1953b after transferring this species from Ptilopodius , since the combination is already occupied by Stephanoderes squamosus Hopkins, 1915 . The new name is the diminutive of the adjective squamosus (= scaly), referring to the scalelike setae on the pronotum and elytra.

Hypothenemus squamosus ( Hopkins, 1915: 26) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus stigmosus ( Schedl, 1951e: 101) (Stephanoderes) .

= Stephanoderes garciae Schedl, 1958c: 42 (syn: Wood, 1989).

Hypothenemus striatus ( Atkinson, 1993: 422) (Trischidias) .

Hypothenemus styrax ( Schedl, 1942a: 177) (Stephanoderes) .

Hypothenemus subacuminatus ( Schedl,1942a: 177) (Stephanoderes) . Hypothenemus subterrestris Johnson, Atkinson and Hulcr, 2016: 421 .

Hypothenemus suspectus Wood, 1974a: 22 .