Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold, 1868

Shaverdo, Helena V., 2006, Revision of the longiusculus-group of the genus Hydroporus Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), Zootaxa 1170 (1), pp. 27-56 : 31-41

Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold, 1868

Hydroporus longiusculus Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 436 (replacement name for H. oblongus Aubé ); Nilsson 2001: 158 (cat.).

Hydroporus oblongus Dejean, 1833: 57 (nomen nudum); Gemminger and Harold 1868: 436 (syn.).

Hydroporus oblongus Aubé, 1838: 605 (orig. descr.), preoccupied by Stephens 1835, objective synonym of H. longiusculus ; Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 436 (syn.).

Hydroporus hirtellus LeConte, 1852: 208 (orig. descr.); Gemminger and Harold 1868: 441 (syn. with H. subpubescens LeConte ); Crotch 1873: 394 (as syn. of H. subpubescens ); Fall 1923: 84 (descr., as valid species); Larson et al. 2000: 377 (descr., as valid species); Nilsson 2001: 166 (cat., as valid species); syn.n.

Hydroporus perplexus Sharp, 1882: 467 (orig. descr.), preoccupied by Schaum 1847: 39; Horn 1883: 278; Fall 1923: 85 (syn. with H. hirtellus ); Larson et al. 2000: 377 (as syn. of H. hirtellus ); Nilsson 2001: 166 (cat., as syn. of H. hirtellus ); syn.n.

Hydroporus utahensis Gordon, 1981: 116 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 394 (descr.); Nilsson 2001: 162 (cat.); syn.n.

Hydroporus californicus Gordon, 1981: 118 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 374 (syn. with H. longiusculus ); Nilsson 2001: 159 (cat., as syn. of H. longiusculus ).

Hydroporus fatigus Gordon, 1981: 119 (orig. descr.); Larson et al. 2000: 374 (syn. with H. longiusculus ); Nilsson 2001: 159 (cat., as syn. of H. longiusculus ).

Type material

Hydroporus longiusculus : Syntypes: 2 exs., ( Hydroporus oblongus Aubé, 1838 ). Note: the types have not been seen, since they have not been found in the Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, and the Natural History Museum, London. I think the types are lost. I am not designating a neotype hoping that the syntypes will be found and because the definition of the species is herein clarified. I have studied 37 specimens of this species from Unalaska Island, the type locality. I believe that H. longiusculus is the only one of 24 species known from Alaska, which fits the description given by Aubé (1838).

Type locality: USA, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island .

Hydroporus hirtellus : Holotype: ♀ golden disc, "Type \ 6021", "hirtellus \ S. Fr. Lec. " [hw LeConte], "subpubescens 2", " J.L. LeConte \ Collection", " Holotype \ Hydroporus \ hirtellus \ LeConte 1851 " [red] ( MCZ). Type locality: USA, California, San Francisco.

Hydroporus perplexus : Lectotype (here designated): ♂ "Type H.T." [small round label with red margin], " California " [green disc, hw], "Sharp Coll. \ 1905–313." [under side], "Type 372 \ H. perplexus \ n.s. \ California " [hw, Sharp], " Lectotype \ Hydroporus perplexus Sharp \ des. H. Shaverdo 2005" ( NHML) . Paratype: 1 ex., "Sharp Coll. \ 1905–313.", "372 \ California " [hw], " Hydroporus \ perplexus. \ co­type Sharp" [hw, Sharp], " Paralectotype \ Hydroporus perplexus Sharp \ des. H. Shaverdo 2005" ( NHML) .

Type locality: USA, California .

Note: the lectotype is designated in order to support stability of nomenclature.

Hydroporus utahensis : Holotype: ♂ " Utah Lake \ East Side ", " H.P. Chandler \ No. 196 Exp. \ 7/6/41 NE \ Elv. 4,000 SW", " H.B. Leech \ Collection", " Holotype \ Hydroporus \ utahensis \ Robert Gordon", " California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9840" ( CAS).

Note: according to the original description there are 6 paratypes from the same locality as the holotype which are deposited in CAS, SINM. The paratypes are with blue labels (personal communication with R. Gordon). The paratypes have not been found in SINM and I was not able to receive them from CAS .

Type locality: USA, Utah, Utah Lake .

Hydroporus californicus : Holotype: ♂ " Cal. Mono Co. \ round pond on ridge S of Leavitt Mdw. ", "Alt. 7500 ft. \ 13–VIII–1963 \ H.B. Leech ", " Holotype \ Hydroporus californicus \ Robert Gordon" [red], " California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9835" ( CAS).

Note : according to the original description there are 23 paratypes from the same locality as the holotype and one paratype " California, Mendocino Co. Univ. Cal. Range E xp. Sta., pond by deerpen, about 4 mi. NE of Hopland, 30–VI–1963, collected by H.B.Leech " which are deposited in CAS, SINM. The paratypes are with blue labels (personal communication with R. Gordon) .

Type locality: USA, California, Mono County, Leavitt Meadow .

Hydroporus fatigus : Holotype: ♂ "Roadside ditch \ Abbotsford \ B.C.14–IX–45 \ Hugh B. Leech ", " ♂ " [small blue label], " H.B. Leech \ Collection ", " Holotype \ Hydroporus fatigus \ Robert Gordon " [red], " California Academy \ of Sciences \ Type No. 9836" ( CAS).

Note: according to the original description there are 68 paratypes from different localities in British Columbia, Montana, Oregon, and Washington which are deposited in CAS, SINM, Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), and in the collection of Indiana University. The paratypes are with blue labels (personal communication with R. Gordon) .

Type locality: Canada, British Columbia, Abbotsford .

Additional material Canada: British Columbia: 12 exs., Gabriola , 12.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 3 exs., same locality only 13.IV.88 ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., 14.IV.88 ( JBWM) ; 7 exs., 10.IV.88 ( JBWM) ; 3 exs., 10.IV.88 ( JBWM, CHS) ; 3 exs., 8.05.1990 ( CHS) ; 9 exs., 10.05.1990 ( CHS) ; 3 exs., 31.05.1994 ( CHS) ; 1 ex., Vancouver Island, Mt. Arrowsmith , 26.VII.1980, R.E. & M.L. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 5 exs., Parksville , 4.VII.62, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Nanaimo , 19.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ MacMillan Park at Highway 4, 15.IV.88, Carr ( JBWM) ; 8 exs., Cassidy , 13.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 1 ex., Duncan , 30.X.85, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2 exs., same locality only 6.VII.62 ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂ Victoria , 28.X.85, Carr ( CNC, JBWM) . 6♂♂, 24 exs., Victoria , 13.II.85, Carr ( JBWM, CAS, CHS) ; 3♂♂, 1♀, 3 exs., Sooke , 14.II.85, Carr ( JBWM, CNC, CHS) ; 1♂, 1♀ Elgin , 26.IV.81, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2 exs., same locality only 17.X.81 ( JBWM) ; 1♀ University Campus, Vancouver , 9.III.1959, G. Scuddel ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Vancouver , 3.VI.1930, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Vancouver , 25.IV.1967, E.J. Kiteley ( CNC) ; 1 ex., Vancouver , 10.VII.1962, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Abbotsford , 29.V.40, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂ Abbotsford , 14.IX.45, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♀ Abbotsford , 8.IX.79, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Langley , 9.IV.1933, K. Graham ( CAS) ; 1♂ Langley , 2.I.35, K. Graham ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Manning Provincial Park, McDiarmid Meadows , 6.V.1984, R.E. Roughley, I.S. Askevold & D.A. Pollock ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Manning Provincial Park, near Monument 83, 22.VI.1988, L. LeSage ( JBWM) ; 16 exs., Manning Provincial Park, 1 km NE East Ent. [entrance?], Similkameen River , 20.V.1988, L. LeSage ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Oliver , 5.VIII.1956, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., same locality only 30.VII.1956 ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 3 exs., 10.3 km N Sechelt , ca. 100 m, 13.IX.1978, R.E. & M.L. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 1♀, 13 exs., Campbell River , 15.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 3 exs., Ladner , 23.IV.81, Carr ( JBWM) . 1♂ Boston Bar , 25.X.85, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 3 exs., Hope , 4.VIII.1956, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Laidlaw , 8.IV.88, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Lorna , 25.VIII.1925, H. Richmond ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Pemberton , 24.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Highway 99, 35 km NE Pemberton, 4.VI.94, Carr ( CNC) ; 3♂♂, 1♀, 4 exs., Mt. Currie­ Lillooet Road at Duffie Lake , 20.IX.86, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Wells Gray Provincial Park, Ray Creek , 30.VI.1988, L. LeSage ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., 10 km SW Bridge Lake , 5.04.1994, Carr ( CHS) ; 2♂♂ Fraser Valley ( AMNH) ; 1♀ Crescent Valley , 7.V.84 ( CLH) ; 3♂♂, 29 exs., 8 km SW Crescent Valley , 7.V.1984, R.E. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Creston , 4.X.1947, G. Stace Smith ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Duck Lake near Wynndel , 12.IV.1980, I. Askevold ( JBWM) ; 1♀ Wynndel , 13.IV.1947, G. Stace Smith ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Wynndel , 30.III.1947, G. Stace Smith, 2600 ft ( JBWM) ; 5 exs., Dewar Creek , 18.V.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 1 ex., Honey , 23.III.30, H. Leech ( CAS, JBWM) ; 1♀ Vernon , 19.IV.1942, H. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂ Kamloops , near Lac du Bois, 3.IX.1939, H. Leech ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Lac le Jeune , 26.VIII.1932, A. Thrupp ( CAS) ; 1♀ Blue Creek, Yalakom River , 21.VIII.42, G.B.Leech ( AMNH) ; 3♂♂, 4 exs., Galena Bay , 10.VI.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 1 ex., 55º50’N, 128º50’W, 5.VII.87, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 7 exs., Terrace, M.E. Hippisley ( CAS, JBWM) ; 1 ex., Highway 16, 27 km E Purden Lake, 28.VI.89, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 2♀♀ Summit Lake , 22.VII.69, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Salmon Valley , 19.VII.69, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Highway 37, 335 km North Junction Highway 16, 9.VII.87, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Highway 37, 343 km North Junction Highway 16, 9.VII.87, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 1♀ Highway 37, 355 km North Junction Highway 16, 10.VII.87, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2 exs., Hwy. 37, Skowill Creek , 8.VII.87, Carr ( JBWM) .

USA: Alaska: 1♂, 3♀♀ Unalaska, 14.VIII.07 ( CAS) ; 1♀ Glacier River , Unalaska, 1907 ( CAS) ; 16♂♂, 12♀♀ Aleutian Islands , Unalaska, 14.VIII. ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 3♀♀ Glacier River , Unalaska ( AMNH) ; 2♀♀ Mendenhall Glacier, 19.IV.58, P. & P. Spangler (NDSUe); 1♂ Juneau Thunder Mountain , 10.VIII. 1979, D.P. Schwert (NDSUe) . Washington: 1♀ Skagit Co., Samish River N of Sedro Woolley, 1.VII.1988, F.N. Young ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Pullman , 18.V.33, O. Edwards ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 2 exs., Reardan , 18.IV.83, Carr ( CNC) ; 1♂ Usk , 29.V.84, Carr ( CNC) ; 1♀ John Day Dam , 26.IV.88, Carr ( JBWM) . Oregon: 2♂♂, 7 exs., Yamhill Co., 3.4 mi NE Spand Ronde Agancy , 4.V.1982, Westcott & Brown ( JBWM) ; 4 exs., Falls City [Polk Co.], 16.IV.85, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 1♀ Corvallis [Benton Co.], 20.V.1938, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., 2 mi S Florence , 3.V.1962, Vertrees, Hansen, Carter & Schuh ( AMNH) ; 3 exs., 7 mi S Florence, Siltcoos beach, 3.V.1962, Vertrees, Hansen, Carter & Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 1♀ same locality only 1.V.1962 ( AMNH) ; 1♂ Lane Co., Siltcoos River Park , 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Douglas Co., Lost Lake, N Reedsport , 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Douglas Co., Elbow Lake, N Reedsport , 22.IV.1964, J.D. Vertrees, J. Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 2 exs., Lakeside [Coos Co.], 25.VII.65, Carr ( JBWM) ; 2 exs., Sixes River [Curry Co.], 13.VI.91, Carr ( CNC) ; 1♀ Curry Co., 4 mi N Ophir Russel Creek at Highway 101, 25.V.83, R.E. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 1♀ Jackson Co., 6 mi N Medford , 22.V.1960, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 2♀♀, 3 exs., Deschutes Co., near La Pine , 25.VI.1989, F.N. Young ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 7 exs., Highway 31, 4 mi S La Pine, 2.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 5♂♂, 6 exs., Bend, Swamp Wells, Deschutes National Forest , 3.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM, CHS, CNC) ; 1♀, 1 ex., Wildcat campground, Prineville [Crook Co.], 4.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM, CNC) ; 3 exs., 25 mi E Prineville , 26.IV.1957, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., 6 mi W Keno , 16.V.1962, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., 12 mi SW Keno , 6.III.1960, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., near Keno, Spencer Creek , 4.VI.1955, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 3 exs., Klamath Co., Denney Creek , 30.V.1965, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., near Gerber Dam , 16.VI.1957, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 2 exs., South Fork, Little Butte Creek , 26.IX.1992, Carr ( CHS) ; 1♂, 1 ex., Klamath Co., Tecumseh Spring , 5 mi S of Fort Klamath, 9.IX.76, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 2 exs., Klamath Co., Crooked creek , 5 mi S of Fort Klamath, 9.IX.76 Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ Klamath Co., 4.5 mi N Chiloquin Spring Creek at Route 99, 10.9.1976, Galewski ( NMW) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., 10 mi SE Chiloquin, Crystal Spring Creek , 2.10.1966, Schuh, Scott, Gray ( AMNH) ; 4♂♂, 3♀♀, 7 exs., Highway 140, 3 km W Fort Klamath Junction, 25.IV.88, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Klamath Co., near Fort Klamath , 20. VI.1975, F.N. Young ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Klamath Co., Horse Glades, near Bly , 5.VI.1955, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Falls [Klamath Co.], Algoma , 2.VI.1955, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Falls, above Geary Ranch , 17.V.1961, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Klamath Falls, Old Fort Road , 26.V.1955, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1 ex., Crescent [Klamath Co.], Little Deschutes River , 12.V.1957, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 2♂♂, 1♀, 3 exs., Silver Lake [Lake Co.], 2.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM, CNC) ; 7♂♂, 6 exs., Silver Lake [Lake Co.], 1.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM, CNC, CHS) ; 1 ex., 10 mi N Lakeview, Ogle Spring , 7.VI.1958, Vertrees & Schuh ( AMNH) ; 1♀ Lake Co., Quartz Mt. , 7.VI.1955, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 3♂♂, 1♀ Highway 140 at Blue Creek , 25.VI.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 7 exs., Battle Mt. , 27.V.84, Carr ( JBWM, CNC) ; 2♂♂, 1 ex., Lehman Springs [Umatilla Co.], Highway 244, 14.VI.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 5♂♂, 3♀♀, 16 exs., Perry [Union Co.], 14.VI.84, Carr ( JBWM, CNC, CHS) . Idaho: 1♂, 9 exs., Emida, 6.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂ same locality only 27.IV.88 ( JBWM) ; 3♂♂, 8 exs., 5.VIII.84 ( JBWM) ; 1♀ Cave Lake , 6.VII.84, Carr ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 1♀ Boundary Co., 19 km S E astport, 12.V.1984, I.S. Askevold ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Hayden Lake , 10.VIII.1922, M.C. Lane ( JBWM) . Nevada (first record, was known as H. hirtellus ): 1♂ Reno, 12.VII. ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ Nye Co., Ash Meadows , 30.III.1966, Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 6♂♂, 1♀, 27 exs., Nye Co., Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Carson Slough , 27.4.1992, Challet ( CHF) . California: 1 ex., Siskiyou Co., southern end of Taylor Lake, Salmon Mts. , 6500 ft, 20.VIII.1970, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂ Siskiyou Co., Highway 97, Grass Lake , ca. 5000’, 22.VI.74, A. & D. Smetana ( CNC) ; 1 ex., Trinity Co., Trinity River , Douglas City, 11.VI.63 ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 2♀♀, 6 exs., Trinity Co., Mts. W of Trinity Center, creek into Lake Eleanor , 1509 m, 11.VIII.1972, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Trinity Co., Dan Rice Creek at Carrville­Callahan road, 4515 ft, 23.VIII.70, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Trinity Co., Monroe Creek , 6 mi NW of Hyampom, 24.VII.1968, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 2♂♂, 33 exs., Trinity Co., Waterlily pond by Butter Creek Road, 2 mi airline SE of Hyampom, 2150 ft, 23.VII.68, H. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂ Forest Glen [Trinity Co.], 4.VII.91, Carr ( CNC) ; 1♀ Forest Glen , 18.VI.91, Carr ( CNC) ; 2 exs., Shasta Co., Hat Creek at Highway 299, 27.IX.1980, G. Challet ( CHF) ; 2 exs., Hat Creek, Rout 299, 18.6.1956, P.S. Bartholomew ( CAS) ; 1♂, 3♀♀ Tehama Co., creek at Highway I –5 at Jelly Ferry Road , 3 mi N Red Bluff, 27. IV.1979 ( CHF) ; 2♀♀, 2 exs., Tehama Co., 10 mi E Red Bluff at Highway 36, 26.IV.1981, G. Challet ( CGC) ; 1 ex., Tehama Co., Red Bluff, Dog Island Park, 29.IV–8.V.1984, D.S. Chandler ( JBWM) ; 2♀♀ Plumas Co., at Mosquito Spring, 0.75 mi E of Domingo Spring, NW of Chester , 29.VIII.1961, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Highway 89, 6 mi S Graeagle [Plumas Co.], 1.VII.91, Carr ( CNC) ; 1♂, 1 ex., Mendocino , 16.VIII.40, J.R. Helfer ( CAS) ; 1 ex., same locality only 11.VIII.40 ( CAS) ; 1♂ 3.VIII.40 ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Mendocino Co., Hopland Field Sta. [station?], 9.V.1970, Haddock, J.A. Powell ( UCD) ; 2 exs., Mendocino Co., Hopland Field Sta., Kelsey Cabin , Orchard area , 2600–2800’, 30.IV.1971, Robert Hislop ( UCD) ; 1♂ Glenn Co., Cold Springs, Bear Wallow Ridge , 4 mi airline SW of Alder Springs, 5710 ft, 5.VII.1969, H. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂ Lake Co., Highway 20, Harley Gulch , 25.IV.1981, G. Challet ( CHF) ; 1♀ Sierra Co., Sierraville , 3.7.1917, elevation 4950, H. Chandler ( CAS) ; 4♂, 8 exs., Nevada Co., Donner Summit , 1 mi W Soda Springs, 7239’, 27.IX.1978, R.E. & M.L. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 7 exs., Nevada Co., Donner’s Summit at 180E, near Soda Springs , 2203 m, 24.IX.1986, R.G. Beutel & R.E. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Placer Co., VIII., A. Koebele (NDSUe); 1♀ Placer Co., Emigrant Gap , 27.VII.1966, P.H. Arnaud ( CAS) ; 1♀ Placer Co., near Emigrant Gap , 17.VI.1989, F.N. Young ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Tallac , VIII.03, E.C. VanDyke ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Alpine Co., VII.34, J.E. Blum ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Sonoma Co., near Jenner , 26.VI.1975, F.N. Young ( JBWM) ; 1♂ Santa Rosa [Sonoma Co.], 15.V.38, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂, 10♀♀ Napa Co., Angwin , 26.IV.1975, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Napa Co., Pope Valley , 7.V.1967, A. Keuter ( CAS) ; 2♀♀ Marin Co., Mill Valley, Cascade Dam , Old Mill Creek , 6.V.1968, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Marin Co., Pt. Reyes, 17.10.48, D. Giuliani ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Marin Co., Lagunitas, 26.III.45 ( CAS) ; 2♂♂ Marin Co., Interness , 22.V.1983, R.E. Roughley ( JBWM) ; 2♂♂ Marin Co., 10. VI.06 ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 2 exs., San Mateo Co., Pulgas Water Temple, n. [near or N?] Woodside , 1.III.1953, Paul S. Bartholomew ( CAS) ; 3 exs., 10 mi NW Yosemite [Tuolumne Co.], elevation 7000, 21.VII.46, H.P. Chandler ( CAS) ; 36 exs., Mariposa Co., NE slope Chowchilla Mts. , at Stove Pipe Campground, 6100’, 6.VIII.71, H.B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Madera Co., 4.75 mi airline ESE Fish Camp , 6400’, 9.VIII.1971, H. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♂, 3 exs., Ihyo Co., Little Black Rock Spring , 28.V.1971, Derham Giuliani ( CAS) ; 1 ex., same locality only 25.V.1971 ( CAS) ; 1♂, 3 exs., Ihyo Co., Deep Springs, Deep Springs Valley , ca. 19 air mi E Bishop, II.1971, Derham Giuliani ( CAS) ; 3 exs., Ihyo Co., Deep Springs Valley, Buckhorn Spring , 22.I.1972, Derham Giuliani ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Ihyo Co., Tecopa , 26.XII.1972, Derham Giuliani ( CAS) ; 1♀ " Shoshone , [Ihyo Co.], Joe Schuh ( AMNH) ; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ Fresno Co., 60­ Lake Basin, Kings River , 21.VII.1910 ( CAS) ; 16♂♂, 1♀, 89 exs., Fresno Co., 2 mi NW Ward Lake, road to Florence Lake , 7250’, 29.VIII.1971, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♀, 4 exs., Fresno Co., S. Fk. [South Fork?], San Joaquin River under bridge in Mono Hot Springs , 6530 ft, 28.VIII.1971, Hugh B. Leech ( CAS) ; 1 ex., Fresno Co., end of Stump Springs Road to Aspen Meadow , 6350’, W of Huntington Lake, 26.VIII.1971, H. Leech ( CAS) ; 1♀, 2♂♂, 2 exs., Tulare Co., Mineral King, Mosquito Lakes , 16.VIII.1959, Paul S. Bartholomew ( CAS) ; 2 exs., Carmel [Monterey Co.], 10.III.16 ( JBWM) ; 1♀ Carmel , 14.III.16 ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., Carmel , 12.III.16, Sleyin ( JBWM) ; 10 exs., Paraiso Springs [Monterey Co.], 25.IV.1974, L.S. Sleyin ( JBWM) ; 1 ex., same locality only 2.VI.1976 ( JBWM) ; 1♂, 2 exs., San Bernardino Co., Holcomb Valley , 3.VI.1988, G.L. Challet ( CGC) ; 1♀ Mohave [Mojave] Desert , Victorville, F.E. Winters ( CAS) ; 2 exs., Riverside Co., Lake Hemet , 27.V.1979, G. Challet ( CGC) ; 1 ex., Los Angeles Co., 1 mi S Gorman , 6.V.1981, G. Challet ( CGC) ; 1♂ Cuyama Ranch, Cuyama Canyon [Santa Barbara Co.], 6.III.37, E. Ross, H.B. Leech, M. Cazier ( CAS) ; 1♂, 2 exs., San Diego Co., La Posta Creek at Interstate Highway 8, 12.VII.1980 ( CGC) ; 1 ex., San Mignel , 29.V.27 ( JBWM) . Utah (first record, was known as H. utahensis ): 1♂, 1♀ Virgin River [Washington Co.] ( AMNH) . Arizona (first record, was known as H. hirtellus ): 1♂ Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Lake, Las Guijas Mountains , 17.X.1978, C. Olsen & R.E. & M.L. Roughley ( JBWM) . New Mexico (first record): 3♂♂, 2♀♀ Wall Lake [near Silver City], 16.IX.89, Carr ( CNC) .

Doubtful or inexact localities: 1♂ G C, ♂, 198 [blue circle, hw] ( CNC); 2 exs. , B. A.,

Ac. 5409. Coll. Chas Palm ( AMNH).

Description

TL=3.52–4.52 mm, MW=1.76–2.36 mm, MW/TL–HL=0.53–0.57; habitus elongate, narrowly oval, in some specimens subparallel­sided ( Figs. 1–4 ).

Head reddish brown to black, with paler (yellowish red to reddish brown) vertex and clypeus, ventrally dark reddish brown to brownish black, with gula paler (yellowish red to reddish brown), gula paler then genae; pronotum with dark reddish brown to black disc, if dark reddish brown then at least anterior margin broadly black, and distinctly paler (yellowish red to dark brown) lateral band or sides; elytra pale reddish brown to blackish brown, paler basally and laterally, often with yellowish markings at the base (sometimes only at shoulder) and in some specimens also laterally in median part and subapically ( Fig. 4 ); pronotal and elytral epipleura pale reddish brown to brown; antennomeres reddish brown to black, evidently paler basally, sometimes concolorous, antennomeres 1–2 sometimes not infuscate, yellowish red to reddish brown, antennomeres 5–11 stronger infuscate, palpi pale reddish brown (like gula) to brown, slightly infuscate apically; legs reddish brown, coxae dark brown medially; ventral side brownish black with reddish brown posterior margin of metacoxal processes and in many specimens with pale reddish brown to dark brown lateral spots on abdominal sternum 3 or 3–4; in teneral specimens ventral surface pale reddish brown except metasternum and metacoxal plates, ventral surface of head especially pale but gula paler then genae.

Head with punctation relatively coarse and dense (spaces between punctures 1–3 times size of punctures); disc of pronotum with punctation sparser than on head (spaces between punctures 1–5 times size of punctures), with distinct, punctate impression at posterolateral angles; elytra with denser (spaces between punctures 1–3 times size of punctures), coarser, and more regular (not even) punctation than on disc of pronotum, denser and coherent at anterior part close to suture; epipleuron of elytron with large punctures, spaces between them 1–2 times size of punctures; metasternum, metacoxae, and abdominal sterna 1–2 with very large punctures, their medial part with very fine and sparse punctation, abdominal sterna 1–2 with punctation much denser than on metasternum and metacoxae, punctures with hairs; abdominal sterna 3–6 with punctures smaller and sparser than on abdominal sterna 1–2, punctation from relatively sparse and fine to denser and coarser; dorsal and ventral surfaces with evident microreticulation; in some specimens microreticulation stronger so that beetles appearing less shiny, dull.

Pronotum with evident, relatively broad lateral bead; sides of pronotum slightly rounded and convergent; epipleura slightly visible at anterior angles in lateral view; pronotum sinuate at base so that posterolateral angles distinctly produced. Lateral margin of elytron weakly to moderately ascending towards shoulder; epipleuron not or slightly visible at shoulder angle. Prosternum with declivity of prosternal process distinct, prominence evident. Metacoxal lines parallel, or subparallel, or diverging anteriorly; posterior margins of metacoxal processes conjointly truncate to distinctly angulate ( Figs. 14–18 ).

Protibia with a row of punctures on anterior face not reaching base of protibia and with a few punctures basally frequently forming an irregular, short row (which can reach to middle of protibia or further) so that row on protibia appearing double or irregularly broken ( Figs. 9, 10 ); in some specimens (especially from California) row singular, but starting dorsally on anterior surface not ventrally as in most species of the nigellus ­group, or rather short and not reaching base of tibia; in rare specimens protibia of one leg with singular row of punctures (or with chaotic punctures) and protibia of the other with "normal" double row.

Male: Protarsomeres 1–3 dilated, rather small, variable in shape (elongate­oval, rarely rounded) and size: Lprot3=0.15–0.19 mm, Lprot2=0.09–0.12 mm, protarsomere 3 the narrowest: Wprot3=0.12–0.15 mm, Wprot2=0.14–0.18 mm, Wprot1=0.14–0.16 mm, Wprot3/Lprot3=0.72–0.94 ( Figs. 23, 26–31 ); protarsus with claws equal or subequal, anterior can be slightly shorter ( Figs. 38–44 ). Median lobe of aedeagus straight or very slightly curved in lateral view ( Figs. 57, 60, 62–67 ) and in ventral view as in Figs. 58, 61 , paramere as in Fig. 59 .

Female: Protarsomeres not modified, narrow ( Fig. 55 ). Protarsal claws not modified, slender than in male. Dorsal microreticulation same as in male or slightly stronger developed. Gonocoxosternum and gonocoxa as in Figs. 51, 53 .

Variability

The species shows great variability in body shape and size, coloration, punctation, and shape of posterior margin of the metacoxal processes. From all studied specimens, small size, parallel­sided body shape, and pale coloration are more characteristic for beetles from Alaska ( Fig. 3 ). They often have an almost uniformly pale pronotum, with darker anterior margin, because the pale lateral margin of the pronotum is broad and conjoined with the pale posterior margin. The specimens from northern populations more often have pale markings on the elytra. Beetles from locations further southwards have the body more rounded ( Figs. 1, 2 ). They are larger and darker, being characteristic for specimens from California. Also the punctation of the dorsal and ventral surface of the body is denser and coarser in specimens from more southern populations though not always. For example the punctation of the abdominal sterna 3–6 varies from relatively sparse and less coarse (Alaska, British Columbia, Idaho, California: Fresno Co.) to much denser and coarser, especially on the apex of the abdominal sternum 6 (California: Trinity Co., Arizona). Some specimens (California: Fresno Co.) have the punctation of the head very irregular (spaces between punctures 1–10 times size of punctures) and relatively fine.

Variability of the shape of the posterior margin of the metacoxal processes may be frequently observed. Slightly to strongly angulate posterior margin of the metacoxal processes was found in specimens from the same population in Unalaska, Alaska ( Figs. 14, 15 ). The metacoxal processes with a conjointly angulate posterior margin are displayed in seven specimens and with a truncate posterior margin in five specimens from one population: Victoria, British Columbia. Also, both shapes were found in specimens from British Columbia: Hope ( Figs. 16, 17 ), Idaho: Emida, and California: Trinity Co. In addition, there is variability in the shape of the protarsomere 3 ( Figs. 23, 26–31 , in the same population in Figs. 27, 28 ) and relative length of the protarsal claws ( Figs. 38–44 , in the same population in Figs. 39, 40 and 41, 42 ). The latter sometimes is difficult to appreciate since the very tops of the claws can be broken. I studied the material for a possible correlation of the characters. For example a possibility could be as follows: parallel­sided beetles with the sparser and finer punctation (especially of the abdominal sternum 6), with the smaller narrower protarsomere 3, and longer, almost equal protarsal claws in male belong to H. longiusculus ; more rounded beetles with the denser and coarser punctation, with broader protarsomere 3 and more unequal claws belong to H. hirtellus . However, these two hypothetical species have not been found. The characters do not occur in such combinations, they are not correlated. The species is less variable in the structure of the puncture row on the protibia, only in some specimens it is singular (see "Description").

Remarks on the synonymy

The herein proposed synonymy of H. hirtellus with H. longiusculus confirms doubts about the validity of the former species previously stated by several authors ( Gemminger and Harold 1868; Crotch 1873; Sharp 1882; Horn 1883) including LeConte himself. He wrote (1855) that it might be the female of H. subpubescens LeConte. Being not aware of the synonymy with H. subpubescens published by Gemminger and Harold (1868) and accepted by Crotch (1873), Sharp (1882) wrote that H. hirtellus was perhaps more allied to H. modestus Aubé (a synonym of H. niger Say ) than to H. tenebrosus LeConte (he assumed that H. subpubescens could be synonym of H. tenebrosus ) and noticed the resemblance with H. planus (F.). Horn (1883) wrote that in his opinion the name H. tenebrosus should be applied to H. despectus Sharp , H. hirtellus , H. perplexus , H. rusticus Sharp , and H. subpubescens . However, since Fall’s work (1923) H. hirtellus was treated as a valid species and H. perplexus was recognized as its synonym. My examination of the types of H. hirtellus and its synonym H. perplexus showed that both are conspecific with H. longiusculus .

Hydroporus utahensis was described by Gordon (1981). He wrote that the species resembled H. despectus and H. hirtellus but could be distinguished from them by the following diagnostic characters:

– from H. despectus : the broad constriction of the aedeagus in the basal third; the finer punctation of the dorsal surface, and "the gena [genae] is piceous or at least considerably darker than the submentum [gula]",

– from H. hirtellus : more elongate habitus and the sparser punctation of the elytra. Also "the lateral margin of the pronotum is wider in utahensis than any of the related species".

Larson et al. (2000) treated the species as valid but in need of a careful reevaluation. My examination of the holotype has shown that H. utahensis is conspecific with H. longiusculus . The constriction of the median lobe mentioned in the original description is not observed and it was most likely due to drying of the median lobe which is often observed not only in H. longiusculus but also in the other species. The other mentioned characters were found to represent infraspecific variability (see "Description" and "Variability").

Ecology

The species occurs among submerged vegetation (i.e. Carex ) in small alpine, grassland, and forest pools, lakes, and ponds ( Larson et al. 2000). It also inhabits swaps near the lakes, bogs, and muddy puddles as well as flowing water­bodies like roadside ditches and small streams. It is known from mineral spring water. Hydroporus longiusculus occurs at altitudes up to 2286 m a.s.l. (California: Mono Co.).

Distribution

CANADA: British Columbia. USA: Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana (see " Type material") , Nevada, California, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico ( Fig. 87 ).

Figures

FIGURES 87. Distribution of Hydroporus longiusculus and H. pervicinus.

FIGURES 1–13. Body outline (1–8) and protibia, anterior view (9–13) of Hydroporus longiusculus (1–4, 9, 10) and H. pervicinus (5–8, 11–13). 1—holotype of H. hirtellus; 2, 10—holotype of H. utahensis; 3, 9—Alaska; 4—British Columbia; 5—holotype of H. similaris; 6—holotype of H. pervicinus; 7, 13—holotype of H. hirsutus; 8—Oregon; 11, 12—Alberta.

FIGURES 14–37. Metacoxal processes (14–22), male protarsomeres 1–3, dorsal view (23–25), and male protarsomere 3, dorsal view (26–37) of Hydroporus longiusculus (14–18, 23, 26–31) and H. pervicinus (19–22, 24, 25, 32–37). 14, 15, 23—Alaska; 16, 17, 26, 32—British Columbia; 18, 30—California; 19, 20, 24—Alberta; 21, 22, 27–29, 33, 34—Oregon; 25—holotype of H. hirsutus; 31—holotype of H. utahensis; 35—Utah; 36, 37—Colorado.

FIGURES 38–56. Male protarsal claws, anterior view (38–50), gonocoxosternum, ventral view (51, 52), gonocoxa, ventral view (53, 54), and female protarsomere 3, dorsal view (55, 56) of Hydroporus longiusculus (38–44, 51, 53, 55) and H. pervicinus (45–50, 52, 54, 56). 38, 51, 53, 55—Alaska; 39, 40, 46—Oregon; 41, 42, 47—California; 43—Utah; 44—holotype of H. utahensis; 45—Manitoba; 48—holotype of H. hirsutus; 49, 50—Colorado; 52, 54, 56—Alberta.

FIGURES 57–72. Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view (57, 60, 62–68, 71), ventral view (58, 61, 69, 72), and paramere, external view (59, 70) of Hydroporus longiusculus (57–67) and H. pervicinus (68–72). 57–59—Alaska; 60, 61—holotype of H. utahensis; 62—holotype of H. fatigus; 63—holotype of H. californicus; 64—Nevada; 65—Utah; 66—Arizona; 67—New Mexico; 68–70—holotype of H. pervicinus; 71, 72—holotype of H. hirsutus.