Graellsia isfahan Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz, 2017

Esmailbegi, Shokouh, Lysak, Martin A., Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Mummenhoff, Klaus & Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., 2017, A taxonomic Revision of the genus Graellsia (Brassicaceae, tribe Thlaspideae), Phytotaxa 313 (1), pp. 105-116 : 110-115

Graellsia isfahan Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz , sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 ).

Diagnosis:— Graellsia isfahan is readily distinguished by a combination of acutely 9‒15-toothed basal leaves, up to 65-flowered racemes, 14‒16-ovuled ovaries, latiseptate fruit with prominent midvein and marginal veins, and distally winged seeds.

Type:— IRAN. Isfahan: between Tiran and Damane, south of Kord-e-Olia village, 2450‒2600 m, 26 May 2010, Mansour Mirtadzadini 1748 (holotype MIR!, isotype MO- 6737249!).

Description: —Herbs perennial, glabrous throughout; caudex woody, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely covered with petioles of previous seasons. Stems 25‒35 cm tall, erect to ascending, few from caudex, simple from base, 1- or 2- branched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petioles 7‒18 cm long, persistent and indurate at base; blade cordate to suborbicular, 1.2‒2.5 × 1.8‒2.8 cm, slightly wider than long, acutely 9‒15-toothed, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; cauline leaves 1‒3, with fewer teeth and shorter petioles upwards. Main racemes dense, to 65-flowered, elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels slender, 7‒13 mm long, horizontally attached and flattened at base, gently curved upwards. Sepal oblong, 2.2‒2.5 mm long, glabrous; petals white, oblanceolate, 3.5‒5 × ca. 1.5 mm, attenuate to claw-like base ca. 1 mm long; ovules 14‒16 per ovary. Fruit oblong, 6‒10(‒12) × 2‒3(‒3.3) mm, latiseptate; valves papery, obtuse at both ends, straight, with a prominent midvein and conspicuous marginal and lateral veins; septum complete, membranous; gynophore 0.2‒0.5 mm long; style 0.5‒0.8 mm long. Seeds oblong-ovate, 2.2‒3 × 1‒1.5 mm, compressed, with a distal wing 0.4‒0.6 mm wide.

Distribution:—Endemic to Isfahan province of Iran.

Conservation status:— Graellsia isfahan is known from the type and two additional collections. Its conservation status is given Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN (2001) criteria.

Etymology:—the species epithet isfahan , named after the Iranian provinice Isfahan, is a noun used in apposition and, therefore, should be maintained according to Article 23.5 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (McNeill et al., 2012).

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— IRAN. Isfahan: Isfahan , 3350 m, 14 July 1966, J. C. Archibald 2755 (E, K) ; Isfahan, P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy 4124 (P).

Discussion: — Graellsia isfahan resembles G. davisiana , a disjunct species endemic to Turkey (provinces Maraş and Gaziantep) and remotely isolated by an air distance of 1448 km, in having basal leaves with 9‒15 well-developed teeth. However, G. isfahan is readily distinguished by having a caudex covered with persistent whole petioles of previous seasons, smaller leaf blade 1.2‒2.5 × 1.8‒2.8 cm, dense main racemes with up to 65 flowers, fruiting pedicels flattened at base and gently curved towards apex, oblanceolate petals, 14‒16 ovules per ovary, fruit valves obtuse at both ends and with a prominent midvein, styles 0.5‒0.8 mm long, and seeds with well-developed apical wing. By contrast, G. davisiana has a caudex covered with petioles remains of previous seasons, larger leaf blade 1.5‒6 × 2‒7 cm, lax main racemes with 10‒18 flowers, ascending fruiting pedicels not flattened at base and straight towards apex, obovate petals, 4‒12 ovules per ovary, fruit valves acute at both ends and with obscure midvein, styles 1‒2 mm long, and apiculate seeds rarely with a minute wing.

Hyam & Jury (1990) cited Archibald 2755 (E) as Graellsia davisiana and its duplicate at K as G. stylosa . Neither of these two species grows in Isfahan, and the authors overlooked the fact that they were dealing with an undescribed species. Furthermore, G. stylosa has angustiseptate fruit and is endemic in Alborz Mountains, where no other species of the genus grows. Both G. isfahan and G. davisiana have latiseptate fruit.

Graellsia longistyla (Poulter) Esmailbegi &Al-Shehbaz , stat. et comb. nov. ≡ Graellsia saxifragifoilia subsp. longistyla Poulter (1956: 90) . Type :— IRAN. “Persia australis, in rup. M. Kellal, 3000 m, H. C. Haussknecht, Iter orientale 1868ˮ (holotype K-000697683!; isotype BM-000582806!).

Description:—Herbs perennial, glabrous throughout; caudex woody, to 1.5 cm in diam., densely covered with petioles of previous seasons. Stems 15‒22 cm tall, erect to ascending, 1 or few from caudex, simple from base, 1- to fewbranched above. Basal leaves rosulate, petioles 3‒14 cm long, persistent, strongly indurate at base; blade cordate to suborbicular or reniform, 0.5‒3 × 0.7‒4 cm, 7-toothed or lobed, base truncate to cordate, apex subacute; cauline leaves 2‒4, much smaller than basal leaves, uppermost oblanceolate, entire or few toothed.. Racemes somewhat lax, few to several flowered, slightly elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels slender, 6‒11 mm long, divaricate, straight. Sepal oblong, 1.5‒2.2 mm long; petals white, obovate, 2.5‒3.5 × 1.5‒2 mm, attenuate to claw-like base ca. 1 mm long; filaments 1.5−2 mm long; anthers ca. 0.4 mm long; ovules 4 per ovary. Fruit elliptic-oblong, 7‒12 × 3−4 mm, latiseptate, dehiscent, not detached at maturity from pedicel; valves papery, acute to subobtuse at both ends, straight, inconspicuously veined; septum complete; gynophore obsolete, style 0.8‒2 mm long. Seeds biseriate, ovate, 2.5‒3 × 1.8‒2 mm, compressed.

Distribution:—NW Iran and NE Iraq. It is somewhat common on calcareous mountain slopes.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Kurdistan: Shahu, June‒July 1867, H. C. Haussknecht s.n. (K, W); Mt. Kellal, 1868, H. C. Haussknecht s.n. (BM, P, W); Avroman et Schahu, June‒July 1867, H. C. Haussknecht s.n. (BM, P); Maryvan Tah-tah pass, 2200 m, 12 June 2000, H. Maroofi & Karegar 456 (Sanandaj); Maryvan to Paveh, Tah-Tah pass, 2200 m, 27 May 2001, H. Maroofi et al. 525 (Sanandaj); Maryvan, Tah-Tah pass, 2500 m, Hooshidary 2745 (Sanandaj); Maryvan to Paveh, Darband dezli, Maryvan to Paveh, Tah-Tah pass, 2500 m, 21 October 2003, H. Maroofi & Mohammadi 6483 (Sanandaj); Maryvan to Paveh, Tah-tah pass, 2400 m, 10 June 2007, H. Maroofi & Kargar 8132 (Sanandaj); ca. 25 km from Sanandaj to Dehgolan, Salavatabad pass, 2000 m, 25 June 2012, H. Maroofi 11254 (Sanandaj); Maryvan to Paveh, Sline village, 2400 m, 28 June 2012, M. Advayee 11369, 12512 (Sanandaj); S of Maryvan, N of Tah-tah pass, 2520 m, 24 August 2007, M. Mirtadzadini 1747b (MIR). IRAQ. Sulaimani: Hawraman (as Mt. Avroman), above Daramar, 2250 m, 8 July 1948, J. B. Gillett 11884 (K); Qara Dagh, 1700 m, 23 April 1947, J. B. Gillett 7295 (K).

Notes:— Poulter (1956) treated this species as a subspecies of Graellsia saxifragifolia , a position that was followed by Hedge (1968), Townsend (1980), and Hyam & Jury (1990). However, G. longistyla can easily be separated by having a complete septum (vs. none), longer styles (0.8‒2 vs. 0.1‒0.2 mm long), and dehiscent (vs. indehiscent) fruit persistently attached to (vs. readily detached from) the pedicel.

Graellsia saxifragifolia (DC.) Boissier (1841: 379) . ≡ Cochlearia saxifragifolia de Candolle (1821: 370) . Type:— IRAN. Mt. Elvend, G. A. Oliver & Brugiere (holotype P-00747680!, isotypes B-10_0241453!, P-00747681!). Graellsia saxifragifolia var. yezdana Boissier (1867: 307) . Holotype:— IRAN. “Hab. in montibus prope Yezd,” May 1849, Buhse s.n.

(G?).

Description:—Herbs perennial, glabrous throughout; caudex woody, to 1.5 cm in diam., densely covered with petioles of previous seasons. Stems 15‒35 cm tall, erect to ascending, one to several from caudex, simple from base, 1- or fewbranched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petioles 2‒10 cm long, persistent, strongly indurate at base; blade cordate to suborbicular, 0.4‒2 × 0.6‒3.5 cm, 7‒9-lobed, base obtuse, truncate or deeply cordate, apex obtuse to subacute; cauline leaves 1‒4, uppermost entire or few toothed, oblanceolate. Racemes dense, few to many flowered, slightly elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels slender, 4‒10 mm long, divaricate, straight, flattened at base, shorter than or rarely subequaling fruit. Sepal oblong, 1.5‒2.2 mm long, glabrous; petals white, obovate, 2.5‒3.5 × 1.5‒2 mm, attenuate to claw-like base ca. 1 mm long; filaments 1.5‒2 mm long; anthers ca. 0.4 mm long; ovules 4 per ovary. Fruit obovate to elliptic, 6‒8(‒10) × 3‒4 mm, latiseptate, indehiscent, detached at maturity from pedicel; valves papery, obtuse to acute at apex, cuneate at base, straight, without or rarely with an obscure midvein, with inconspicuous lateral veins; septum absent; gynophore obsolete, style 0.1‒0.2 mm long. Seeds aseriate, ovate, 2.8‒3.1 × 1.8‒2.1 mm, compressed. 2 n =14.

Distribution:—Endemic to Iran. This rather common species grows primarily on calcareous grounds just as the remaining species of the genus.

Representative specimen:— IRAN. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari: Zard Kuh , 3100 m, 4 July 1977, A. Aryavand 2810 (Isfahan) ; Zard Kuh , 1837, P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy 420 (G, P) ; Zard Kuh , 8 June 1975, Kramer 1088 (E) ; Zard Kuh , 3450 m, 4 July 1977, J. C. Klein 11310 (G) ; Zard Kuh mts. , 3658 m, 14 August 1965, R. Timmis 121 (K) ; Gahar , 2743 m, 30 May 1941, W. N. Koelz 17920 (W) ; Shahr-e Kord, Baba-Heidar , 2150‒2500 m, 1 June 1986, V. Mozaffarian 54829 ( TUH) ; Kuhrang , 2400 m, 31 May 1959, P. Wendelbo s.n. (E) ; above Kuhrang valley , 4140 m, 5 August 1966, J. C. Archibald 2991 (E, K). Fars: Kuh Dena, 3800 m, 1955, Remaudier s.n. (P) ; Kuh Dena , 29 July 1842, T. Kotschy 767 (BM, E, G, K, MO, P, PRC, W) ; Dena, Sicani pass, 1 August 1949, Behboudi 1375E (W) ; Sultanabad, Tochal , 25 May 1892, J. F. N. Bornmüller s.n. (G) ; Sultanabad , Aug 1893, T. Strauss s.n. (W) ; Sultanabad, in monte Schuturunkuh, May 1897, T. Strauss s.n. (G). Isfahan: Kuh-e Karkas , 2880 m, 27 May 1974, K. H. Rechinger 46600 ( AAU, G, K, MO, W) ; Qashqai, Kuh-e Surmandeh ( Kuh-e Alijuq ), N Semirom, 2700‒3900 m, 7 June 1974, K. H. Rechinger 47537 (B, E, G, K, M, MO, W) ; Taleghan , c. 30 km SW of Ardestan, 2200 m, 15 May 1974, P. Wendelbo & H. Foroughi 11512 (E, W) ; Kuh-e Karkas, near television mast N side of pass (N. of Targh), 2800 m, 14 May 1974, P. Wendelbo & H. Foroughi 11429 (W). Kashan: Barzuk, near Kashan, 2134 m, 20 May 1968, C. Berens 20 (E). Kerman: Mt. Jupar , Anonymous 26018 ( TUH) ; Abshar-e Rayen , 23 July 1997, M. Mirtadzadini 1735 ( MIR) ; Abshar-e Rayen , 21 April 1999, F. Peyravian 1736 ( MIR) ; Kuhpayeh , 6 May 1997, M. Mirtadzadini 1737, 1742 ( MIR) ; Kuhpayeh , 27 May 1999, F. Peyravian 1738 ( MIR) ; mountain of N Tunel-e Sirch, 20 April 2004, M. Mirtadzadini & M. Khodami 1739b ( MIR) ; Kuh-e Hezar , 20 km SW of Rayen, 3600 m, 2 June 1977, J. R. Edmondson & A. G. Miller 1583 (E, G, W) ; Kuhpayeh , May 1999, Z. Heidari 1740 ( MIR) ; Ravar, Feyz-Abad, Darab , 7 May 2004, M. Mirtadzadini & M. Khodami 1743 ( MIR) ; Rabor , N of Qanat-Malek village, Tangal valley, 3215 m, 15 June 2012, M. Mirtadzadini 1780c ( MIR) ; Mt. Kuh-e Jebal Barez in vicinitate vici Deh Bakri , 1700‒2700 m, 2 May 1973, J. Sojak 3954, 3949 ( PR) ; Mt. Lalezar , 3800 m, 17 June 1892, J. F. N. Bornmüller 2202 (G) ; Mt. Kuh Lalezar , 3800 m, 17 July 1892, J. F. N. Bornmüller 2201 (BM, E, G, K, LE, P, PR, PRC, W) ; Kuh Hazar , 2800‒3200 m, 16 June 1975, H. Foroughi & M. Assadi 16257 (E). Lorestan: Khorramabad, Sefid-Kouh, Northern slope, 2900 m, 21 July 1999, Veiskarami 23845 ( TUH). Markazi: ca. 40 km E of Shahzand, Kuh-e Soorakhe-Khonsa, 2000‒2980 m, 10 June 1986, H. Akhani 1452 ( TUH) ; Sefidkhani-Arak, 14 May 1985, A. Ghahreman & Shaikhaleslami 12313 ( TUH). Tehran: Mt. Elwend , 15‒16 May 1895, T. Strauss 98 (G, K). Yazd : 5 km S of Sheykh Ali Shah, near Shirkuh , 2700 m, 25 May 1977, Anonymous 2808 (Isfahan) ; Shir Kuh , 20 km SSW of Taft, 2700 m, 25 May 1977, A. Aryavand et al. 1407 (E, G), Barfkhaneh Tezerjan, 3000 m, 4 July 1972, H. Foroughi 4703 (E) ; Barfkhaneh Tezerjan , 3330 m, 4 July 1972, H. Foroughi 4704 (E) ; Tezerjan Kuh , SE of Shir Kuh, 3000 m, 26 May 1977, A. Aryavand et al. 1438 (E) .

Notes:—There are two sheets of the type collection of Graellsia saxifragifolia at P. The sheet with three flowering plants carries de Candolle’s determination as Cochlearia saxifragifolia , and it perfectly matches the original species description, including the presence of four ovules per ovary. The isotype sheet is a sterile rosette with a printed label and determination as G. saxifragifolia . Evidently, de Candolle did not examine this duplicate.

As presented here, the range of this species is much narrower than that given by Poulter (1956), Hedge (1968), and Hyam & Jury (1990) because all of the collections cited by these authors from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and NE Iran belong to Graellsia integrifolia . Furthermore, the collections these authors cited from NW Iran and NE Iraq belong to G. longistyla , a species very distinct from G. saxifragifolia (see above). Hyam & Jury (1990) erroneously cited Bornmüller 2201 from Kerman as subsp. longistyla , but this collection has indehiscent fruit characteristic of G. saxifragifolia , whereas G. longistyla always has dehiscent fruit.

The leaf-margin variation in Graellsia saxifragifolia approaches that of G. integrifolia . A case in point, Foroughi 4703 with subentire leaves and Foroughi 4704 with strongly dentate leaves were identified as G. integrifolia and G. saxifragifolia , respectively. The differences of 330 meters in elevation unlikely causeed the variation in leaf margin, and it is highly likely that both forms grow along that elevational gradient.

Graellsia stylosa (Boiss. & Hohen.) Poulter (1856: 92) . ≡ Sobolewskia stylosa Boiss. & Hohen. in Boissier (1849: 41). ≡ Physalidium stylosum (Boiss. & Hohen.) Fenzel in Tchihatcheff (1860: 327). Described from: “Hab. in declivibus septentrionalibus montis Elbrus [for Alborz] propè Derbend Kotschy No 85.” Type:— IRAN, “In m. Elbrus pr. Derbend. 5 maj. 1843. Alt. 4000′ [1219 m].” T. Kotschy 85. (Lectotype designated here: G-BOIS-00332493!, isolectotypes BM-000582807!, BM-000582808!, G-00446234!, G-00446235!, G-BOIS-00332494!, GH-00062503!, K-000342190, K-000697688!, KW!, LE!, P- 02141415!, P- 02141416!, P- 02141417!, W-0050814!).

Description:—Herbs perennial, glabrous throughout; caudex woody, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely covered with petioles of previous seasons. Stems 24‒35 cm tall, erect, 1‒5 from caudex, simple from base, always branched above. Basal leaves rosulate; petioles 6‒15 cm long, persistent and indurate at base; blade cordate or reniform, 0.9‒3 × 1.2‒4.5 cm, slightly wider than long, with 7‒13 teeth, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; cauline leaves 1‒7, with fewer teeth and shorter petioles than those of basal leaves; uppermost leaves entire or 3-lobed. Raceme dense, many flowered, elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels slender, 7‒17 mm long, horizontal at flattened base, becoming divaricate, straight or slightly curved. Sepal oblong, 1.9‒2.1 mm long, glabrous; petals white, spatulate, rounded at apex, 4.2‒5 × 2‒2.5 mm, attenuate to claw-like base ca. 1 mm long; filaments 2‒3 mm long; ovules 4 per ovary. Fruit oblong-elliptic, 10‒15 × 4.5‒6 mm, angustiseptate, dehiscent, not detached from pedicel, strongly keeled; valves thin papery, acute at both ends, straight, obscurely veined; septum complete, membranous; gynophore obsolete; style 1‒2 mm long. Seeds uniseriate, oblong-ovate, 2‒2.1 × 0.8‒1.1 mm, compressed. 2 n =14.

Distribution:—Endemic to northern Iran and primarily in Tehran province on Alborz Mountains.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Azerbaijan: Zandjar to Gheydar , 2200‒2650 m, 3 July 1974, F. Termé & Moussavi s.n. (E) . Qazvin: 20 km N Karaj , 1400 m, 27 April 1970, F. Kasy 470 (W) . Tehran: Farahzad and Yondjzar , May‒June 1936, A. Parsa 344 (P) ; Damavand toward Lake Tar , American-Iranian Botanical Delegation 34082 ( MO, TUH) ; N of Kandevan Pass , 3110 m, 25 June 1966, J. C. Archibald 2484 (E, K) ; Bafkajan, Alborz Mt. , 1829 m, 30 April 1963, Bowles Scholarship Bot. Exped. 1084 (K) ; 19.3 km W of Firuzkuh Arjaman , 1372 m, 2 June 1963, Bowles Scholarship Bot. Exped. 2028 (K) ; Tochal, near Scheheristanek , 2200 m, 1 June 1902, J. F. N. & A. Bornmüller 6218 (E, G, K, LE, P, PR) ; Tochal, above Imam-sade Davud , 2700 m, 29 May 1902, J. F. N. & A. Bornmüller 6217 (BM, E, G, K, P, PR, W) ; below Qatun-Barga ( Kharsang ), 2650 m, 19 July 1977, J. C. Klein 8531 (G) ; between Sia-Guk (Massif de l’Alam-Kuh) and Vanderaban , 3340 m, 24 July 1971, J. C. Klein 2226 (G) ; 4.8 km S. of Polur , 2230 m, 7 May 1960, H. Pabot 4239 (G) ; Kandovan , 3100‒3500 m, 26 July 1960, H. Pabot 4576 (E, G) ; Ostan, between Karaj and Gach-i-Sare , 100‒2500 m, 16 May 1956, F. Schmid 5685 (E, G, W) ; between Kan and Sangan , 15‒20 km NW of Tehran, 1400‒1800 m, 22 April 1977, K. H. Rechinger 54518 ( AAU, B, G, W) ; Mt. Alborz, above Farahzad , 2600 m, 29 May 1902, J. F. N. Bornmüller 6219 (BM, P, W) ; Mt. Alborz, opposite Karaj, Kuh-e Dasht , 21 May 1937, K. H. Rechinger 316 (BM, K, W) ; S of Damavand, N side of Imam Zade Hashim , 2200 m, 14 May 1959, P. Wendelbo s.n. (E). Alborz foothills, N. of Tehran, 2134 m, 2 May 1962, P. Furse 1710 (E, K, LE, W) ; 56 km N of Karaj , 10 May 1961, H. C. Stutz 1101 (W) ; Mt. Alborz, Kandavan , 2700‒3800 m, 8 July 1977, J. Sojak s.n. ( PR) ; Mt. Tochal, above Tehran-Evin , 5 April 1977, J. Sojak s.n. ( PR) ; Tochal , 3200 m, July 1939, N. Lindsay 517 ( BM) ; Pasghaleh , 1750 m, June 1992, F. Attar 16480 ( TUH) ; road Karaj-Chalus, Vineh , 1976, A. Ghahreman et al. 25919 ( TUH) ; Vineh, on road from Karaj to Chalus , 29 April 1997, A. Ghahreman et al. s.n. ( TUH) ; Darband , 2044 m, 22 June 2015, S. Esmailbegi 1744, 1745c, 1746 ( MIR) ; Darband , 8 May 1961, S. Farsi 12312 ( TUH) ; Shemshak and Dizin pass, 2842 m, 12 June 2015, M. Mirtadzadini 1778a ( MIR) ; Karaj to Tshalus, S of Gatshsar , Talaqan crossroad, 2227 m, 13 June 2015, M. Mirtadzadini 1779 ( MIR) ; Chalus road, April 1968, S. Mobayen 12311 ( TUH) ; Posht-e Hashisheh, near Karaj Dam, 23 April 1959, A. Ghahreman 12314 ( TUH) ; Pase Ghala, A. Parsa 12315 ( TUH) ; Darakeh, Mazouji 12316 ( TUH) ; Djadjerud , 5 May 1961, A. Ganjalizadeh 12317 ( TUH) ; Dare Khan, Kuh Dasht , 1900 m, A. Parsa 22043 ( TUH) ; Pass Qale slope, Farahzadi 22044 ( TUH) ; S slope of Mt. Damavand, 1 km after Polur to Reneh , in valley, 2200 m, 22 May 2011, A. Talebi 43266 ( TUH) ; Mt. Tochal , 5 June 1959, Kashani s.n. ( TUH) ; Pas Qale, Ahar valley , 1960, A. Ghahreman s.n. ( TUH) ; between Sorkheh Hesar and Polur , June 1961, A. Ghahreman s.n. ( TUH) ; Abe-Ali-Sarpolak, 14 May 1966, Mobayen s.n. ( TUH) ; Oushan, Kuhe Pand , 1900‒2000 m, 21 May 1975, F. Termé s.n. (E) .

Notes:—A specimen from the Bunge herbarium, P- 02141420, from Yezd was mounted on the sheet of the isolectotype P- 02141417. It clearly belongs to Graellsia saxifragifolia . Another from the Bunge herbarium, P-02141418, was mounted with the isolectotype P- 02141416, and it had no locality data, though it belongs to G. stylosa and has Boissier’s hand-written annotation of the species as Soblewskia stylosa .

Except for the single collection cited above from Azerbaijan province, no other material was seen from the herbaria consulted, and it is unknown whether that record stands or a labeling mistake was made.

Graellsia stylosa resembles G. graellsiifolia in having angustiseptate fruit, a feature evolved independently in two species (Esmailbegi et al., unpub.). They are strikingly different in features listed in the key above. However, contrary to the claim of Hyam & Jury (1990) the fruits of G. stylosa are dehiscent (not indehiscent) and those of G. graellsiifolia are neither inflated nor with biseriate seeds.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Graellsia isfahan.A. Plant. B. Fruit and fruiting pedicel.C. Seed showing distal wing. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the isotype (MO 6737249).