Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner), Hubner

Gilligan, Todd M., Brown, John W. & Hoddle, Mark S., 2011, A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California, Zootaxa 3137, pp. 31-45 : 40

Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner) ( Tortricidae : Tortricinae )

The carnation tortrix, Cacoecimorpha pronubana , was discovered feeding on winter daphne (Daphne odora Thunb.) in California in early 2011 (M. Epstein, pers. comm.). A native of northern Africa, this species was first documented from North America in Oregon in 1964 ( Powell 1969), and it is also present in Washington (E. LaGasa, pers. comm.). Larvae are highly polyphagous, having been recorded from more than 160 species of plants in 42 families (Razowski 2002). Wyoski and Izhar (1976) reported C. pronubana as a pest of avocado in Israel in the early to mid-1970s, causing surface damage to fruit in orchards.