Aptostichus icenoglei, Bond, Jason E., 2012

Bond, Jason E., 2012, Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae), ZooKeys 252, pp. 1-209 : 69-80

Aptostichus icenoglei sp. n. Figures 146-156Maps 14, 15

Types.

Male holotype (AP391), female paratype (AP390), and male paratype (AP024) from California, Riverside County, Winchester, 1.6km NW of town center, vicinity of Double Butte, 33.71492, -117.09220 1, 478m, coll. W. Icenogle; male specimens collected 20.xi.1967 and female 6.vii.1967. Male holotype and female paratype deposited in AUMNH; male paratype in CAS.

Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Wendell Icenogle who has collected many of the Aptostichus types and has studied this group’s natural history for many years. I am incredibly grateful to Wendell for his assistance, sage advice, patience, and friendship over many years; he has pointed out to me that he was collecting Aptostichus before I was born.

Diagnosis.

Males (Fig. 146) can be diagnosed on the basis of a unique conformation of the tibia I mating apophysis and TSrd spination pattern (Figs 147, 149). The Aptostichus icenoglei tibial I apophysis (Figs 147, 149) is rectangular in shape and bears a distal spine. In all other Aptostichus species the tibial I apophysis is triangular, rounded, or absent, with the exception of Aptostichus cabrillo which has a similar rectangular apophysis (Fig. 160). Aptostichus icenoglei (Fig. 149) and Aptostichus cabrillo (Fig. 160) males can be differentiated on the basis of the TSrd spination pattern. The TSrd of Aptostichus icenoglei consists of no more than 3 non–overlapping spines (usually 2), whereas the TSrd of Aptostichus cabrillo is always greater than 4 overlapping spines. Female Aptostichus icenoglei specimens tend to be darker in coloration, larger (Cw> 5.50) and with fewer prolateral tibial spines on leg III (TBs <4) than Aptostichus cabrillo (Figs 162, 164). Females are distinguished from the sympatric species Aptostichus hesperus by lacking contiguous sigilla (see that species’ diagnosis) and Aptostichus cahuilla by virtue of its much larger size. Distinguishing female Aptostichus icenoglei (Fig. 151) and Aptostichus atomarius is problematic. Although their sampled distributions overlap, the sternum width to length ratio tends to be smaller in Aptostichus icenoglei (i.e., the sternum of Aptostichus icenoglei tends to be more narrow). Additionally, the lateral spermathecal base of Aptostichus atomarius is developed into a more distinctive auxiliary bulb that extends below (posteriorly) beyond, the lateral base. The secondary bulb of Aptostichus icenoglei is smaller and does not extend below the lateral base (Figs 152-155). As noted in the diagnosis of Aptostichus atomarius , Aptostichus icenoglei specimens in life tend to be much darker in coloration (Fig. 156).

Description of male holotype.

Specimen preparation and condition. Specimen collected in pitfall trap, preserved in 70%. Coloration only moderately faded. Pedipalp, leg I left side removed, stored in vial with specimen. General coloration. Carapace, chelicerae, legs dark reddish brown 5YR 3/4. Abdomen brown 7.5YR 4/3 with dark distinct chevron striping dorsally (Fig. 146), ventrum and spinnerets pale yellow. Cephalothorax. Carapace 5.25 long, 4.70 wide, hirsute with light white setae, stout black bristles along fringe; surface smooth, pars cephalica elevated. Fringe, posterior margin with black bristles. Foveal groove deep, straight. Eyes on low mound. AER slightly procurved, PER slightly recurved. PME, AME subequal diameter. Sternum moderately setose, STRl 3.08, STRw 2.70. Posterior sternal sigilla small, widely separated, anterior sigilla pairs small, oval, marginal. Chelicerae with distinct anterior tooth row comprising 7 teeth, posterior margin with patch of small denticles. Palpal endites with patch of small cuspules on proximal, inner margin, labium lacks cuspules, LBw 0.51, LBl 0.87. Rastellum consists of 5 stout spines not on mound. Abdomen. Setose, heavy black setae intermingled with fine black setae. Legs. Leg I: 5.63, 4.25, 4.25, 3.00, 2.30; leg IV: 5.80, 3.24. Light scopulae on tarsi, metatarsi legs I, II. Tarsus I with single, slightly staggered row of 12 trichobothria. Leg I spination pattern illustrated in Figures 147-149; TSp 3, TSr 3, TSrd 2. Tibia mating apophysis rectangular. Pedipalp. Articles stout, lacking distinct spines (Fig. 150). PTw 0.77, PTl 2.45, Bl 1.11. Embolus slender, tapering sharply toward tip, lacking serrations (Fig. 150).

Variation (9). Cl 5.13-5.81, 5.41 ± 0.09; Cw 4.19-4.70, 4.45 ± 0.07; STRl 2.79-3.30, 3.00 ± 0.05; STRw 2.19-2.70, 2.41 ± 0.05; LBw 0.63-0.87, 0.76 ± 0.03; LBl 0.38-0.51, 0.43 ± 0.02; leg I: 4.85-5.81, 5.33 ± 0.1; 3.38-4.56, 3.90 ± 0.12; 3.60-4.25, 3.91 ± 0.07; 2.50-3.06, 2.76 ± 0.06; 2.00-2.61, 2.38 ± 0.07; leg IV: 5.00-5.80, 5.41 ± 0.09; 2.60-3.24, 2.89 ± 0.07; PTl 2.07-2.45, 2.24 ± 0.04; PTw 0.66-0.81, 0.73 ± 0.02; Bl 0.98-1.13, 1.04 ± 0.02; TSp 2-5, 3.11 ± 0.31; TSr 3-6, 4.44 ± 0.34; TSrd 2-3, 2.33 ± 0.17.

Description of female paratype.

Specimen preparation and condition. Female collected live from burrow, preserved in same manner as male holotype. Genital plate removed, cleared in trypsin, stored in microvial with specimen. General coloration. Carapace, legs, chelicerae, red 2.5YR 4/6. Abdomen brown dorsally 7.5YR 4/2 with distinct chevron striping, ventrum and spinnerets pale yellow. Cephalothorax. Carapace 7.30 long, 6.50 wide, glabrous; generally smooth surface, lightly hirsute, pars cephalica moderately elevated. Fringe lacks setae. Foveal groove deep, slightly procurved. Eye group slightly elevated on low mound. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. PME-AME subequal diameter. Sternum widest at coxae II/III, moderately setose, STRl 4.50, STRw 3.45. Three pairs of sternal sigilla anterior pairs moderate size, oval, positioned marginally, posterior pair larger, oval, mid-sternal positioned. Chelicerae anterior tooth row comprising 7 teeth with posterior margin denticle patch. Palpal endites with 12 cuspules concentrated at the inner (promargin) posterior heel; labium with 1 cuspule, LBw 1.45, LBl 0.80. Rastellum consists of 6 very stout spines not positioned on mound. Abdomen. Moderately setose. PLS all 3 segments with spigots. Terminal segment 1/2 length of medial segment, 2 enlarged spigots visible at tip. PMS single segment, with spigots, short with rounded terminus. Legs. Anterior two pairs noticeably more slender than posterior pairs. Leg I 16.20 long. Tarsus I with single staggered row of 16 trichobothria. Legs I, II with moderately heavy scopulae on tarsi, metatarsi, distal aspect tibia. PTLs 8, TBs 2. Distinct preening comb on retrolateral distal surface (at tarsus - metatarsus joint) of metatarsus III, IV. Spermathecae. Heavily sclerotized intermediate sized median stalk with well-developed basal extension (Figs 152-155).

Variation (8). Cl 6.56-8.80, 7.49 ± 0.23; Cw 5.80-7.13, 6.43 ± 0.15; STRl 3.96-5.05, 4.52 ± 0.13; STRw 3.07-4.10, 3.59 ± 0.11; LBw 1.19-1.45, 1.34 ± 0.03; LBl 0.80-1.19, 0.94 ± 0.05; Leg I: 15.10-18.03, 16.39 ± 0.31; ANTd 6-7, 6.25 ± 0.16; PTLs 8-14, 11 ± 0.6; TBs 2-3, 2.25 ± 0.16.

Material examined.

Mexico: Mexicali: Baja California Norte: 3.2km W Rancho Grande, 24.1k S San Vicente, 32.4689, -115.3844 5, 20m, V Roth 8.i.1965 [AP029, 1♂, AMNH]; United States: California: Los AngelesCo.: Chatsworth, intersection Lassen St & Valley Circle Blvd, ravine just E Oakwood Cemetery, 34.2512, -118.6227 4, 315m, W Icenogle 16.x.1966 [AP253, 1♀, AMNH]; Chatsworth, Limekiln Canyon Park, 34.2876, -118.5606 4, 407m W Icenogle 17.i.1971 [AP305, 1♀, 1juv, CAS]; Gabriel Mtns, Angeles Natl Forest, Evey Canyon, Off Brady Rd., 34.1638, -117.685 1, 763m, J Bond 6.iv.1996 [AP719, 1♀, AUMNH]; Glendora Ridge Rd, San Gabriel Mountains, 34.2213, -117.7391 3, 1133m, W Icenogle 21.v.1974 [AP017, 1♀, CAS]; Henninger Flats, 34.1926, -118.0875 3, 792m, 27.x.1967 [AP018, AP297 2♀, 1juv, AMNH], F Coyle 19.vii.1972 [AP642, 1♀, 14juv, AMNH]; Mt Baldy Rd, 0.2km N jct w/ N Mountain Ave, 34.1773, -117.6767 1, 800m, M Hedin, J Satler, J Starrett, C Richart 15.ii.2009 [MY3759, 1♀, AUMNH]; Mt Washington, Los Angeles, 34.0992, -118.2194 3, 246m, G Bakker 1.ix.1967 [AP025, 1♂, AMNH]; Pasadena, Eaton Canyon Park, 34.1807, -118.095 4, 325m, M Thompson 26.xii.1967 [AP049, 1♂, AMNH]; Placerita Canyon Park, 34.37, -118.443 4, 655m, F Coyle 20.vii.1972 [AP452, 1♀, AMNH]; Puente Hills, intersection Azusa & Tomich Rd, 33.9816, -117.9335 1, 210m, J Bond, C Spruill, D Beamer 14.iii.2004 [MY2600, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Gabriel Mtns, Angles Natl Forest, hwy 3, 1.3km jct w/Big Tujunga Canyon Rd, 34.2907, -118.1706 1, 1030m, M Hedin, J Satler, J Starrett, C Richart 19.ii.2009 [MY3780, 1♀, AUMNH]; Santa Ysabel, Santa Ysabel Ecological Reserve, Kanaka Flat, 33.1083, -116.616 1, 1277m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.2002 [AP938, 1♂, CAS]; Santa Ysabel, Santa Ysabel Ecological Reserve, Santa Ysabel Creek, 33.133, -116.6484 1, 1018m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.iv.2002 [AP937, 1juv, CAS]; Sierra Madre, 34.1621, -118.0532 3, 255 m, M Thompson 8.ii.1972 [AP048, 1♂, CAS]; Orange Co.: Bell Canyon, 33.6178, -117.5627 1, 252m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1998 [AP1144, 1♂, CAS]; Crow Canyon, 33.6029, -117.5442 1, 338m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.2000 [AP1129, 1 ♂, CAS], 1.xi.1998 [AP1130, 1♂, CAS]; N View Rancho Santa Margarita, 33.6138, -117.5504 1, 484m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP1140, 1♀, CAS]; Ridge E Bell Canyon, 33.6041, -117.5525 1, 518m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP1139, 1♂, CAS]; Ridge E Bell Canyon, S Fox Canyon, 33.6192, -117.5532 1, 384m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.viii.1999, [AP1141, 1juv, CAS], 1.ix.1998 [AP1142, 1♂, CAS], 1.ix.1999 [AP1143, 1♂, CAS]; Ridge E Fox Canyon, 33.6174, -117.5438 1, 457m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1998 [AP1135, 1♂, CAS]; Ridge N Crow Canyon, 33.6081, -117.5469 1, 427m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1998 [AP1132, 1133 2♂, CAS]; Salt Creek 2.4km N Dana Pt, 33.4819, -117.7206 3, 21m, W Icenogle 6.xii.1968 [AP605, 1♀, 1juv, AMNH]; Santa Ana Mountains, 4.0km E an Juan Fire Station, Hot Spring Canyon Rd turnout, 33.5907, -117.4754 1, 366m, W Icenogle 7.ix.2000 [AP366, 1♂, CAS]; SE View Rancho Santa Margarita, 33.6113, -117.5465 1, 480m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1998 [AP1134, 1♂, CAS]; S View Rancho Santa Margarita, 33.6118, -117.5482 1, 530m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.1999 [AP1136, 1♂, CAS]; SW View Rancho Santa Margarita, 33.6092, -117.5524 1, 500m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.vii.1998 [AP1137, 1♂, CAS]; Weir Canyon, 33.8299, -117.7391 1, 252m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Station 1.iv.2000 [AP1128, 1♂, CAS]; Bell Canyon, 33.6302, -117.5539 1, 297m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.1999 [AP1113, 1♂, CAS]; S Aliso Wood Canyon, 33.5185, -117.7386 1, 7m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.2000 [AP975, 1♂, CAS]; Riverside Co.: 1.6km NW Winchester town center, 33.7148, -117.0921 1, 470m, W Icenogle 27.vii.1968 [AP013, 1♀, 100+juv, CAS], 17.viii.1968 [AP186, AP460, 2♀, 180juv, CAS]; 3.2km NW Tenaja Ranger Station, 33.5298, -117.3886 6, 515m, W Icenogle 19.ix.1968 [AP008, 1♀, 50+juv, AMNH]; 6.4km W Mountain Center, 33.7011, -116.769 3, 1124m, W Icenogle 28.viii.1968 [AP459, 1♀, 100+juv, CAS]; Bautista Canyon, 33.6978, -116.8519 5, 669m, K Cooper 19.ii.1978 [AP589, 1juv, UCR]; Bautista Canyon, along Bautista Canyon Rd, 33.7099, -116.8775 1, 611m, J Bond 1.ii.2004 [MY2480, 1♀, AUMNH]; between Squaw Mountains & Redonda Mesa, N Tenja Rd, 33.5035, -117.3368 1, 634m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.2000 [AP899, 1♂, CAS]; between Squaw Mtn. & Redona Mesa, N Tenaja Rd., 33.5026, -117.3464 1, 646m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.1999 [AP872, 873 2♂, CAS]; Cleveland Natl Forest, along H74, 33.6297, -117.4252 2, 706m, J Bond, C Spruill, D Beamer 18.iii.2004 [MY2668, 2669, 2juv, AUMNH]; De Luz Murrieta Rd, 33.4956, -117.2433 1, 366m, M Hedin 11.i.2003 [MY0718, 1♀, AUMNH]; E Gavilan Mtn, N Santa Margarita River, 33.4589, -117.172 1, 820m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1998 [AP891, 1♂, CAS]; E Skinner Reservoir, 33.5898, -117.0233 1, 452m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.viii.1998 [AP1032, 1♂, CAS]; James Reserve Lake Fulmor on hwy 243, 33.8042, -116.7803 3, 1599m, 26.vii.1997 [AP030, 1♂, CAS]; Joshua Tree Natl Monument, 33.9617, -116.2294 6, 1400m, 1.iii.1978 [AP583, 1♀, UCR]; Kabian Park, between Canyon Lake & Perris, off Goetz Rd 6.1km S Case & Goetz Rds jct in Perris, 33.7272, -117.2436 1, 512m, S Kirshtner 8.xi.2003 [AP1231, 1♂, CAS]; Lake Matthews, 33.8266, -117.438 1, 446m, J Bond 20.xi.1998 [AP691, 1juv, AUMNH]; Lake Skinner, 13.1km NW Winchester, 33.595, -117.058 3, 485m, 7.xii.1997 [AP044, 1♂, CAS], J Bond 13.xii.1997 [AP676, 1♀, AUMNH]; Menifee Valley, 33.6848, -117.175 1, 434m, S Frommer 7.vi.1992 [AP011, 1♀, UCR], 12.i.1991 [AP582, 1♀, UCR]; N base Avenaloca Mesa, S Tenaja Rd, 33.500, -117.3292 1, 692m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Station 1.ix.2000 [AP965, 1♂, CAS]; N Perris, E Mayer Farms, 33.8045, -117.2518 1, 571m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.1999 [AP1099, 1♂, CAS]; N Perris, E Mayer Farms, 33.8073, -117.2572 1, 571m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.i.2000 [AP1102, 1♂, CAS]; N Tenja Canyon, S Wildomar Rd., 33.5104, -117.3687 1, 604m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.i.2000 [AP875, 1♂, CAS], 1.ix.2000 [AP876, 1♂, CAS]; Ortega hwy H74, 2.7km N Orange Co/Riverside Co line, 33.6127, -117.4346 1, 523m, J Bond 2.ii.2004 [MY2492, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pigeon Pass, 33.993, -117.276 3, 584m, W Rose 27.xii.1967 [AP032, 1♂, AMNH]; San Bernardino Natl Forest, Juan Diego Flats Rd, ~1km from intersection w/Reed Valley Rd, 33.5836, -116.8141 1, 1110m, J Bond 7.iv.1996 [AP718, 1♀, AUMNH]; Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, Santa Margarita River, E Gavilan Mtn, 33.455, -117.1729 1, 786m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP892, 1♂, CAS]; Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, S Santa Margarita River, N Royal Oak Ranch, 33.4411, -117.1637 1, 396m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1999 [AP895, 1♂, CAS]; S Santa Margarita river, N Royal Oak Ranch, 33.4399, -117.1605 1, 421m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1999 [AP894, 1♂, CAS]; University of California, Riverside Campus, 33.9742, -117.3251 3, 327m, W Icenogle 5.x.1967 [AP010, 1♀, 100+juv, AUMNH], 13.ix.1967 [AP014, 1♀, 100+juv, CAS], 27.x.1967 [AP188, 1♀, CAS], W De Luz Creek, S Tenaja Rd, 33.505, -117.3138 1, 674m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Station 1.ix.1999 [AP988, 1♂, CAS]; W De Luz Creek, S Tenaja Rd, 33.5097, -117.3139 1, 650m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Station 1.xii.1999 [AP991, 1♂, CAS]; W De Luz Creek, S Tenaja Rd, 33.5114, -117.3135 1, 661m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.ix.2009 [AP989, 990, 2♂, CAS]; Winchester, 33.7138, -117.0915 1, 470m, W Icenogle 28.ix.1984 [AP035, 1♂, AUMNH]; W Icenogle 22.ix.1985 [AP040, 1♂, FMNH], 1.vi.1986 [AP041, 1♂, AUMNH], 31.xii.1972 [AP046, 1♂, FMNH], 15.i.1991 [AP047, 1♂, CAS], 25.v.1970 [AP656, 1♀, CAS]; Winchester, 1.6km NW of town center, vicinity of Double Butte, 33.7149, -117.0922 1, 478m, W Icenogle 18.iii.1974 [AP012, 1♀, CAS], 19.vi.1979 [AP022, 1♀, 100+juv, CAS], 28.xii.1972 [AP023, 1♂, CAS], 25.xii.1971 [AP024, 1♂, AMNH], 25.i.1975 [AP027, 1juv, CAS], 12.xi.1971 [AP033, 034 2♂, CAS], 3.xii.1975 [AP036, 1♂, AMNH], 16.xi.1997 [AP039, 1♂, FMNH], 30.ix.1967 [AP042, 1♂, CAS], 5.xi.1985 [AP043, 1♂, AMNH], 25.xi.1967 [AP045, 1♂, AMNH], 6.viii.1967 [AP390, 1♀, CAS], 20.xi.1967 [AP391, 1♂, CAS], 28.v.1967 [AP454, 1♀, AMNH], 6.viii.1967 [AP455, 1♀, 116juv., AMNH]; Winchester, Grand Ave ~1km E intersection Grand & Matthews, 33.7147, -117.11 1, 460m, J Bond 17.v.2009 [MY3776, 1juv, FMNH; MY3777, 1♀, AUMNH]; Winchester, 1.6km NW of town center, vicinity of Double Butte, 33.7156, -117.0936 1, 465m, J Bond 29.i.2004 [MY2505, 2512, 2523 3♀, AUMNH]; Winchester, Leona Rd ~1.6km S intersection w/Patton Ave, 33.6771, -117.1157 1, 444m, J Bond, W Icenogle, et al. 13.iii.2004 [MY2597, 1juv, AUMNH]; between Squaw Mountain & Redonda Mesa, N Tenaja Rd, 33.5025, -117.3386 1, 1020m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.1999 [AP967, 1♂, CAS]; N base Avenaloca Mesa, S Tenaja Rd, 33.5, -117.3279 1, 685m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.1999 [AP963, 964, 2♂, CAS]; SE Skinner Reservoir, 33.5766, -117.0316 1, 482m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP1022, 1♂, CAS]; S Skinner Reservoir, 33.577, -117.0424 1, 508m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.iv.1999 [AP1021, 1♂, CAS]; W base Mesa de Colorado, W Temecula, 33.5125, -117.3012 1, 605m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.1999 [AP979, 1♂, CAS]; San Bernardino Co.: Alta Loma, 34.122, -117.597 3, 412m, D Bixler 4.iv.1969 [AP021, 1♂, AMNH]; E Silverwood Lake, E fork of W fork Mojave River, 34.2718, -117.297 1, 1099m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.viii.2002 [AP1171, 1♂, CAS]; E Silverwood Lake, E fork of W fork Mojave River, 34.2727, -117.293 1, 1090m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.x.2000 [AP1172, 1♂, CAS], 1.vii.2002 [AP1173, 1♂, CAS]; Silverwood lake, E fork of W fork Mojave River, 34.2777, -117.3169 1, 1035m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.vii.2002 [AP1170, 1♂, CAS]; N Silverwood Lake, 34.303, -117.3346 1, 1069m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.viii.2002 [AP1174, 1♂, CAS]; Silverwood Lake, 34.2935, -117.3005 6, 1099m, C Brown 5.x.2000 [AP1215, 1216, 1217, 3♂, CAS]; W Silverwood Lake, S of W fork Mojave River, 34.283, -117.3584 1, 1074m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.viii.2002 [AP1167, 1♂, CAS], 1.v.2000 [AP1168, 2♂, CAS]; Fawnskin, 34.2681, -116.9417 3, 2077m, L Underwood [AP028, 4♂, UCR]; Fontana, 34.0922, -117.4342 6, 377m, E Schlinger 16.vii.1942 [AP450, 1♂, AMNH]; Just N Alta Loma, end Archibald Avenue, N/S running ravine, E facing slope, 34.1722, -117.5947 1, 850m, J Bond 6.iv.1996 [AP715, 1♀, AUMNH]; Lytle Creek Rd, near Scotland, 34.244, -117.4952 1, 950m, M Hedin, J Satler, J Starrett, C Richart 15.ii.2009 [MY3763, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Bernardino, N edge city limits, beside hwy 18, 0.8km before turnoff to Waterman Canyon, 34.1918, -117.2773 3, 696m, W Icenogle 25.iv.1999 [AP1192, 1281, 1juv, 1♀, CAS]; Yucaipa, 0.8km W junction Grape Avenue & Bryant Street, 34.0641, -117.0425 1, 853m, W Icenogle 20.ii.2000 [AP353, 1♂, AUMNH], 23.i.2000 [AP359, 1♂, FMNH], 3.ii.2000 [AP364, 1♂, CAS], 14.xi.2000 [AP1242, 1♂, FMNH]; Yucaipa, residential area 183m S intersection Yucaipa Blvd, 34.065, -117.0422 4, 853m, W Icenogle 3.xi.1968 [AP457, 1♀, 140juv, AMNH]; Yucaipa, Grape Rd, Housing Development, 34.065, -117.0422 1, 852m, J Bond 17.xii.1997 [AP704, 1♀, AUMNH]; San Diego Co.: 0.8km N San Ysidro, 32.5629, -117.0364 4, 104m, W Icenogle 5.iii.1974 [AP638, 1♀, 1juv, AMNH]; Border Field St Park, S of Monument Blvd., just N international border, 32.5351, -117.1191 1, 16m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP1191, 1♂, CAS]; Carmel Mountain, 32.9283, -117.2227 1, 118m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.xii.2002 [AP939, AP941, 2♂, CAS], 1.xi.2002 [AP943, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, E Long Canyon, 32.65, -116.9908 1, 91m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP1069, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, E Long Canyon, 32.6501, -116.9921 1, 90m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP1073, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, Proctor Valley, SE Horseshoe Bend, S Proctor Valley Rd, 32.663, -116.9806 1, 152m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP1096, 2♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, Proctor Valley, SE Horseshoe Bend, S Proctor Valley Rd, 32.6637, -116.9798 1, 151m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.vii.2000 [AP1066, 1♂, CAS], 1.xi.1998 [AP1068, 1♂, CAS], 1.ii.2000 [AP1224, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, Terra Nova, N Rice Canyon, 32.6401, -117.0381 1, 94m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP1092, 1♂, CAS], 1.xi.1998 [AP1093, 1♂, CAS], 1.x.2000 [AP1094, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, Terra Nova, N Rice Canyon, 32.6409, -117.0363 1, 88m, USGS - BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.v.2000 [AP1088, 1♂, CAS], 1.xi.1998 [AP1084, 1♂, CAS]; Chula Vista, Terra Nova, N of Rice Canyon, 32.6432, -117.0377 1, 105m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP1095, 1♂, CAS]; Del Mar, 32.96, -117.265 3, 37m, J Comstock 20.x.1956 [AP031, 2♂, AMNH]; E Lakeside between El Monte Park & entrance to El Capitan Res, El Monte Rd, 32.8836, -116.8223 1, 180m, M Hedin 23.ii.2008 [MY3635, 1juv, AUMNH]; E of Border Field St Park, W Goat Canyon, just N international border, 32.5378, -117.1073 1, 63m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.2002 [AP919, 1♂, CAS], 16.i.2003 [AP920, 1♂, CAS]; El Cajon, 32.7946, -116.9616 5, 132m, P Smock 25.i.1969 [AP037, 1♂, AMNH], 30.xi.1968, [AP654, 1♀, 1juv, AMNH]; El Monte Park Rd., 32.8839, -116.8214 1, 166m, M Hedin 19.i.2002 [MY0305, 0306, 2♀, AUMNH]; Fallbrook, 8km SE Fallbrook town center, Wilt Rd, 6.4km NW of hwy 76 & 395 jct, 33.3518, -117.1761 3, 206m, W Icenogle 1.v.1968 [AP270, AP461, 1♀, 3juv, CAS]; hwy 395 6.4km E Fallbrook, 0.4km from jct Mission Rd, 33.3844, -117.1765 4, 238m, W Icenogle 20.ix.1971, [AP263, 1♀, CAS]; hwy 76, 11.4km E junction with South 15, 33.2587, -116.8 1, 768m, M Hedin, J Starrett, J Skejic 10.ii.2002 [AP1246, 1♀, AUMNH]; Jamul Hollenbeck Canyon, E hwy 94, 32.6799, -116.8211 1, 245m, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 7.xi.2003 [AP886, 2♂, CAS]; Jamul, S Sweetwater River & Steele Canyon jct, 32.7241, -116.9443 1, 108m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998, [AP906, 1♂, CAS]; Jamul, S Sweetwater River & Steele Canyon junction, 32.7192, -116.9521 1, 104m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP912, 2♂, CAS]; Jamul, S Sweetwater River & Steele Canyon Junction, 32.7227, -116.9493 1, 108m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP909, 910, 2♂, CAS]; Jamul, S Sweetwater River & Steele Canyon Junction, 32.7251, -116.9478 1, 105m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP907, 2♂, CAS]; Jamul, SE Jamul Butte, E HWY 94, 32.6916, -116.8344 1, 280m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 7.xi.2003 [AP885, 1♂, CAS]; Jamul, SW Honey Springs Ranch, S Honey Springs Rd, 32.6632, -116.7989 1, 389m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 7.xi.2003 [AP887, 3♂, CAS]; Little Cedar Canyon, NE Otay Mtn, 32.6181, -116.8605 1, 420m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.2000 [AP914, 1♂, CAS]; Nate Harrison Grade Rd, 3.4km E jct w/hwy 76, 33.3269, -116.9652 1, 549m, M Hedin 11.i.2003 [MY0719, 1juv, AUMNH]; N Fallbrook on DeLuz Rd, 33.4109, -117.2898 1, 232m, J Bond, M Hedin 30.i.2004 [MY2465, MY2467, 2♀, AUMNH]; Otay Mesa, E Spring Canyon, N Wruck Canyon 1, 32.5545, -116.9988 1, 138m, R Fisher 16.i.2003 [AP821, 2♂, CAS]; Palomar Mountain area Cleveland Natl Forest, St Rd S6, ~4.8 rd km SW intersection of S6 & S7, 33.3048, -116.8786 4, 1275m, W Icenogle 15.vii.1970 [AP009, 2♀, CAS]; Palomar Mtns, HWY S6, 1.4km N jct w/St Park Rd, 33.343, -116.9004 1, 1445m, M Hedin, J Starrett, J Skejic 10.ii.2002 [AP1255, 1♀, AUMNH]; Rt 395, 0.3km S turnoff to Fallbrook onto Co Rd 513, 33.3811, -117.1739 4, 217m, F Coyle 28.vii.1972 [AP639, 1♀, AMNH]; San Diego, 32.732, -117.102 3, 85m, B Kaston 1.xi.1970 [AP019, 1♂, AMNH]; San Diego Area, 32.7327, -117.1104 7, 65m, L Hutton 5.xi.1976 [AP038, 1♂, CAS]; San Diego, near San Diego St University, N end Hewlett Dr, 32.7776, -117.079 4, 85m, B Kaston 1.xii.1970 [AP449, 3♂, CAS]; Tijuana Estuary, W Imperial Beach Naval Air station, 32.5603, -117.1263 1, 4♂, USGS-BRD San Diego Field Sta. 1.iv.1999 [AP922, 923, 2♂, CAS]; Tijuana Estuary, W Imperial Beach Naval Air station, 32.5616, -117.1257 1, 20m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.1999 [AP924, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, 32.9205, -117.2574 3, 60m, R Fisher 1.xi.1998 [AP862, 2♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve 8, 32.927, -117.2562 3, 12m, R Fisher 1.xii.1999 [AP868-870 2♂, 1juv, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, E beach, W of N Torrey Pines Rd 1, 32.9205, -117.2574 1, 62m, R Fisher 1.ii.2000 [AP861, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, E of beach, W of N Torrey Pines Road 3, 32.9217, -117.2568 1, 59m, R Fisher 1.xi.1998 [AP864, 1♂, CAS], 1.xii.1999 [AP865, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, S Del Mar Heights School 11, 32.9442, -117.2532 1, 90m, R Fisher 1.v.1998 [AP858, 3♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, S Del Mar Heights School 2, 32.9398, -117.2518 1, 62m, R Fisher 1.xii.1999 [AP849, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, S Del Mar Heights School 5, 32.9414, -117.2504 1, 85m, R Fisher 1.xi.1998 [AP852, 1♂, CAS], 1.xii.1999 [AP853, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, S Del Mar Heights School 7, 32.9402, -117.2528 1, 62m, R Fisher 1.xi.1998 [AP854, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, W of N Torrey Pines Rd, 32.9258, -117.2505 1, 11m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP929, 1♂, CAS], 1.xii.1999 [AP930, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, W of N Torrey Pines Rd, 32.9208, -117.2568 1, 66m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP927, 1♂, CAS]; Torrey Pines St Reserve, W of N Torrey Pines Rd 2, 32.9144, -117.2506 1, 101m, R Fisher 1.iv.2000 [AP845, 1♂, CAS]; University of California Elliot Reserve, Carroll Canyon, 32.8943, -117.1058 1, 166m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1998 [AP877, 1♂, CAS]; University of California Elliot Reserve, S of Carroll Canyon, 32.8945, -117.0867 1, 218m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.iv.2000 [AP883, 1♂, CAS]; University of California Elliot Reserve, S of Carroll Canyon, 32.8917, -117.0971 1, 194m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.1999 [AP880, 1♂, CAS]; University of California Elliot Reserve, S of Carroll Canyon, 32.8926, -117.1058 1, 186m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ii.2000 [AP878, 1♂, CAS]; vic. Chula Vista, 32.6405, -117.1041 3, 5m, R Fisher 21.ii.2000 [AP1250, 1♂, CAS]; San Diego, 32.7153, -117.1564 7, 20m, B Kaston 1.xii.1971 [AP026, 2♂, AMNH]; Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, E of De Luz Creek Rd, SW of Sandia Canyon, Pitfall array CAM-23, 33.4112, -117.295 1, 337m, R Fisher [AP825, 1♂, CAS]; Del Mar Mesa, 32.9404, -117.1742 1, 105m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.ix.2002 [AP1033, 1♂, CAS]; Marron Valley, 32.5673, -116.7737 1, 171m, USGS-BRD San Diego Sta. 1.xi.2000 [AP970, 1♂, CAS]; Pt Loma, Ft Rosecrans, US Navy Reservation, NE of cemetery, 32.6949, -117.2435 1, 90m, R Fisher 1.x.1998 [AP817, 1♂, CAS].

GenBank accessions.

16S-tRNAval-12S: JX103319-JX103339.

Distribution and natural history.

Most Aptostichus icenoglei specimens have been collected from the southern California counties Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego (Map 14). Although only a single specimen is known from the northern reaches of the Baja Peninsula, it is likely that the species is distributed more extensively in this region of Mexico. The species is distributed widely throughout the Transverse Ranges to the north of the Los Angeles Basin and southward into the Santa Ana and San Jacinto Mountains and the ranges and hills surrounding the San Diego area (San Ysidro and Jamul Mountains and points north of the city). The DM (Map 15) indicates that considerable suitable habitat likely can be found in the areas surrounding San Diego and throughout the Santa Ana and San Jacinto Mountains. Interestingly the model shows the Transverse Ranges to the north and west of the Los Angeles Basin to be an area of lower probability. Given genetic structuring in populations and diversity of habitat it may very well be likely that Aptostichus icenoglei as defined here comprises more than one species. Primary habitat types for this species include coastal chaparral forest and shrub and coastal range open woodland shrub and coniferous forest. Based on pitfall trap records, male dispersal is wide ranging ( August–May), however, most wandering males at lower altitudes appear to be taken during the early winter months of November–January likely associated with the winter rains.

Conservation status.

The status of this species is likely secure given how abundant it is in collections and how widespread it is geographically.

Species concept applied.

Morphological/Phylogenetic.

Remarks.

Despite some subtle differences, female Aptostichus icenoglei specimens can be difficult to distinguish from Aptostichus atomarius ; juveniles are very problematic; molecular data were used to place many specimens (adults and juveniles) collected over the course of this study. As discussed above, Aptostichus icenoglei as currently defined is found in a diversity of habitats across a considerable geographical range. The ~20 mtDNA sequences thus far collected for the species show considerable structuring that is consistent with cryptic species complexes hypothesized for other Aptostichus species. As such this taxon will likely be further divided at some point in the future on the basis of more detailed molecular and ecological studies.