Lyonetia (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, T. Liu, 2023

Liu, Shiyu, Liu, Tengteng, Yu, Jiazhi, Xu, Jiasheng & Teng, Kaijian, 2023, The leaf-mining genus Lyonetia Hübner from China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Lyonetiidae), Zootaxa 5357 (1), pp. 100-120 : 106-107

Lyonetia (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, T. Liu , sp. n.

( Figs 3–4 , 13a–b , 15a–b , 19, 19a )

ƃȗdzḋ [Chinese name]

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Lyonetia (Lyonetiola) kurokoi , the latter feeding on Alnus japonica and Betula platyphylla (Betulaceae) , but can be distinguished by the following characters. In the new species, the forewing has no costal hold patch and the two dorsal streaks are about 1/4 length of the 1 st costal streak; in the male genitalia, the cornutus is forked at distal 1/2 and is about 1/3 length of the phallus; in the female genitalia, the length from lamellae vaginalis to inception of ductus seminalis is about 1/5 the length from inception of ductus seminalis to the anterior edge of corpus bursae. In L. (Lyonetiola) kurokoi , the forewing has a costal hold patch from 1/5 to 2/3 and three dorsal streaks, of which 1 st and 2 nd dorsal streaks are longer than the costal streaks ( Kobayashi & Komatsu 2019: fig. 2); the cornutus is about 1/5 length of the phallus ( Kobayashi & Komatsu 2019: fig. 4); the length from lamellae vaginalis to inception of ductus seminalis is 0.8 times to the length from inception of ductus seminalis to the anterior edge of corpus bursae ( Kobayashi & Komatsu 2019: fig. 5). The genetic analysis also supports the separation of the new species from other related species ( Fig. 31 ).

Type material. Holotype, ♁, CHINA: Shaanxi, Foping, Donghetai , 33.761°N, 108.183°E, el. 1370 m, 25.vii.2018, leg. Tengteng Liu, genitalia slide no. LSY0053, SDNU. Ent 000851; SDNU . Paratypes (all China). In total, 4♁, 6♀. 3♀, collecting information same as holotype, SDNU. Ent 000846–47 (genitalia slide no. LSY0061 ) , SDNU. Ent 000848 (genitalia slide no. LSY0052 ) ; 1♁, Shaanxi, Foping, Donghetai , 33.759°N, 107.913°E, el. 2150 m, 26.vii.2018, leg. Tengteng Liu, SDNU. Ent 000855 ( LSY0054 ) ; 2♁, 1♀, Shaanxi, Taibai, Huangbaiyuan forest park, 33.991°N, 107.775°E, el. 1300 m, 17 & 26.vii.2018, SDNU. Ent 000583, SDNU. Ent 000559, SDNU. Ent 000660 ( LSY0048 ♁) ; 1♁, 2♀, Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huoditang Forest Farm, 33.622°N, 108.633°E, el. 1530 m, 27.vii.2018, leg. Tengteng Liu, SDNU. Ent 000859, SDNU. Ent 000865 ( LSY0058 ♀), SDNU. Ent 000878 ( LSY0074 ♁) .

Adult ( Figs 3–4 ). Forewing length: 4.7–5.4 mm (Holotype = 4.8 mm). Head, tuft, face, thorax and labial palpus shining white. Antennae about 1.3 times length of forewing, eye-cap shining white, base of flagellum white, turning grayish brown toward distal. Forewing narrow-lanceolate ( Fig. 13a ), shining white; 1 st costal streak obliquely from basal 2/3, 2 nd costal streak adjacent and parallel with 1 st, 1 st dorsal streak absent, 2 nd dorsal streak from distal 1/5, 3 rd dorsal streak adjacent and parallel with 2 nd; all streaks converging at golden-brown apical blotch; apical blotch triangular, occupying distal l/5 of forewing; costal cilia white, with three equally spaced strigulae at distal 1/6, first strigula golden brown, others golden brown basally and dark fuscous distally, all three strigulae elongated successively; apical cilia white, a black apical dot at apex; apical pencil indistinct; dorso-apical line short and dark fuscous, pointing out obliquely from apical dot; terminal cilia brown, with a dark-fuscous strigula on termen from end of apical blotch; fringe on termen dark fuscous, oblique along termen; dorsal cilia brown. Hindwing and cilia pale fuscous ( Fig. 13b ). Foreleg gray dorsally, shining white ventrally; mid and hind legs shining white, base of tibiae brown dorsally, distal with three equidistant dark-fuscous spots, tarsus dark fuscous. Abdomen pale brown dorsally, shining white ventrally.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 15a–b ). Sclerotized ridge on 8 th tergite slightly sclerotized and about 50 µm long, anterior edge slightly curved and midpoint gently protruded; lobes of superuncus nearly triangular, narrowed posteriorly; gnathos membranous, apex digitiform, dorsal margin 1/2 curved inward; valvae 250 µm long, digitiform, ventral margin straight, dorsal margin 1/2 curved towards ventral margin; saccus hook-shaped; tegumen + vinculum about 600 µm in length (lateral view); a pair of coremata 800 μm long; phallus about 640 µm long, rather long and sinuous cylindrical, apex thickened, cornutus irregularly serrated, forked at distal 1/2, 1/3 length of phallus; ductus ejaculatorius cylindrical and nearly as long as phallus.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 19, 19a ). Ovipositor specialized and adapted for piercing, tapered distally, with dense denticles; apophyses posteriores 1.1 mm long; apophyses anteriores 700 µm long; ostium bursae located at anterior margin of 8 th sternite; lamellae vaginalis weakly sclerotized, anterior margin ‘V’-shape, posterior margin straight and posterior half trapezoidal; ductus bursae about 1/2 length of corpus bursae, corpus bursae without signum; ductus seminalis from posterior 1/3 of ductus bursae with a small oval sclerotized patch at opening.

Remarks. The new species have characters of its subgenus regarding wing venation and male genitalia, but the antennae is 1.3 times length of the forewing, while 1.5 mentioned in the subgenus´ description ( Kuroko 1964).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin words " duplus " for double and " striatus " for striped, referring to the two costal streaks on the forewing. A noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name.

Figures

FIGURE 31. Unrooted Neighbor-joining tree estimated from DNA barcode sequences under dataset “DS-LYONETIA”. The red clade corresponds to the paratype of L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, sp. n., the blue clade corresponds to the barcodes of L. (Lyonetia) clerkella generated in this study.

FIGURES 1–6. Adults of Lyonetia spp. 1–2, L. (Lyonetiola) blasta, sp. n.: 1, male, holotype, SDNU.Ent001192; 2, female, paratype, SDNU.Ent001194; 3–4, L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, sp. n.: 3, male, holotype, SDNU.Ent000851; 4, female, paratype, SDNU.Ent000847; 5–6, L. (Lyonetia) clerkella: 5, female, aestival form, SDNU.Ent050867; 6, male, autumnal form, SDNU. Ent052234. Scales = 1 mm.

FIGURES 12–13. Wing venations of Lyonetia spp. 12, L. (Lyonetiola) blasta, sp. n., female, paratype, slide no. LSY0068: 12a, forewing; 12b, hindwing; 13, L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, sp. n., female, paratype, slide no. LSY0078: 13a, forewing; 13b, hindwing. Scales = 1 mm.

FIGURES 14–15. Male genitalia of Lyonetia spp. 14, L. (Lyonetiola) blasta, sp. n., holotype, slide no. LSY0063: 14a, lateral view; 14b, sclerotized ridge and superuncus on 8th tergite; 15, L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, sp. n., holotype, slide no. LSY0053: 15a, lateral view; 15b, sclerotized ridge and superuncus on 8th tergite, lateral view. Scales = 200 μm. Abbreviations: core: coremata; corn: cornutus (= scobinated area in Kuroko 1964); du: ductus ejaculatorius; gn: gnathos; ph: phallus (= aedoeagus in Kuroko, 1964); sa: saccus; sr: sclerotized ridge; su: superuncus; te+vi: tegumen + vinculum; va: valva.

FIGURES 18–19. Female genitalia of Lyonetia spp. 18, L. (Lyonetiola) blasta, sp. n., paratype, slide no. LSY0060; 18a, sclerotized patch at inception of ductus seminalis; 19, L. (Lyonetiola) duplistriata, sp. n., paratype, slide no. LSY0062; 19a, sclerotized patch at inception of ductus seminalis. Abbreviations: aa: apophysis anterioris; ap: apophysis posterioris; cb: corpus bursae; db: ductus bursae; ds: ductus seminalis; lv: lamellae vaginalis (= lamellae vaginales in Kuroko 1964); ob: ostium bursae; ov: ovipositor; sp: sclerotized patches.