Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905

Chen, Hua-Yan, Hong, Chun-Dan, van Achterberg, Cornelis & Pang, Hong, 2020, New species and new records of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) from Tibet, China, ZooKeys 918, pp. 83-98 : 83

Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905

Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012: 3; Chen et al. 2014: 60-87 (synonymy, diagnosis, key to Chinese species). Type species: Orthogonalys boliviana Schulz, 1905, by monotypy.

Diagnosis.

Antenna with 21-32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially; male antenna without tyloids; supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large, without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally; apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular; mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head; occipital carina usually narrow and smooth; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate, at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially; anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate, rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long; fore wing subhyaline, at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove; fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth; second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly; fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly; body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like ( Chen et al. 2014).

Biology.

Reared as hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae in caterpillars of the family Limacodidae ( Carmean and Kimsey 1998; Murphy et al. 2009). Collected in May-August.

Distribution.

Mainly East Palaearctic and Northeast Oriental regions, with a few species in East Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Chen et al. (2014) and Tan et al. (2017) reported eight species of Orthogonalys from China, with only one species from Tibet.