Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762 |
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lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61A44D72-5E9B-40C6-9440-27E395110DE8 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FA45899-071A-50D4-A8B7-05A3BC5578DF |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 |
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Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton, 1884 Figs 17 View Figure 17 , 18 View Figure 18 , 19 View Figure 19 , 20F View Figure 20 , 22F View Figure 22
Type material.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ♂ lectotype, ♀ paralectotype ( Levi 1981). ♀ lectotype, 3♀ paralectotypes in MCZ database, Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts (Coll. J. H. Emerton, 15.xiii.18xx), not examined.
Extended diagnosis.
Males and females of T. vermiformis are most similar to T. pallescens F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903. Males have similar length and width of chelicerae ( Figs 17 D–G View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 , Banks 1892: 51, pl. 5, fig. 88 as T. pallida ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16 A–E); ‘T’ and ‘rsu’ very alike, sclerotized and pointed; Gl very sclerotized, thick and pointed, with a very large base, remaining teeth set apart by similar gaps. They also share similar elongated paracymbia, with finger-like notches and straight lateral knobs ( Figs 17J View Figure 17 , 19E View Figure 19 ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16D). The epiandrous field sets this species apart as it is flat and wide, with 20 fusules in two bands ( Fig. 19F View Figure 19 ).
Females of both species have similar small, rounded and laterally bulging chelicerae ( Figs 18 D–G View Figure 18 , 19B View Figure 19 ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16F, G); Gu isolated from U2; Gl from L2 by large gaps, with all teeth very pointed; and similar short genital folds ( Fig. 18H View Figure 18 ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16J). Nonetheless, males and females of T. vermiformis differ from T. pallescens in having eyes much smaller and delicate and abdomen not as long and projecting ( Figs 17 A–C View Figure 17 , 18 A–C View Figure 18 ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16H, I). Males differ by the following characters: absence of ‘sl’ ( Figs 17 D–F View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ); ‘a’ bending downward and closer to fang base ( Figs 17 D–G View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ); Gu not so close to fang base, larger and with thicker base ( Figs 17D, E View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ); Gu and ‘T’ placed apart from the row proper, towards lower side and following fang’s closing ( Figs 17D, E View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ); Gl with wider basis and close to AXl and fang basis ( Figs 17E, F View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ); presence of an inner cusp on fang ( Figs 17D, F View Figure 17 , 19A View Figure 19 ) and more elongated conductors, with thicker projected tips completely enfolding the emboli, not ending in long tails ( Figs 17 H–J View Figure 17 , 19C, D View Figure 19 , 20F View Figure 20 ). Females differ in lacking both AXu and AXl and having smaller and triangular Gu, longer and wider U2, and lack of a small denticle and groove near the base of L2 ( Figs 18 D–F View Figure 18 , 19B View Figure 19 ; Okuma 1992: 236, fig. 16G). Females of T. vermiformis and T. pallescens have similar internal genitalia, with two curved kidney-shaped spermathecae on edge of plate, lacking central membranous sacs ( Fig. 18I View Figure 18 ; Levi 1981: 311, fig. 131). However, T. vermiformis has longer spermathecae, without a median membranous area ( Fig. 18I View Figure 18 ).
Variation.
Males (n = 4): total length, 6.29-7.29; females (n = 7): total length, 6.99-10.98. The spermathecal lobes are variable in size and form. Both lobes may be more regularly cylindrical and the external lobe may be much smaller than the inner one ( Levi 1981: figs 178-180) or both lobes may be curved and about the same size ( Fig. 18I View Figure 18 ; Zhu and Zhang 2011: fig. 133H).
Distribution.
Temperate and tropical Asia, North and Central America, newly recorded from South America (Brazil) ( Fig. 22F View Figure 22 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.