Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo, 2022, Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species, ZooKeys 1083, pp. 13-88 : 13

Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919

Figs 4F , 5F , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31A

Liogma serraticornis in Alexander 1919: 345-346: original description; Alexander 1928: 11: distribution, illustration.; Alexander 1949: 195 comparison.; Esaki 1950: illustration.; Alexander 1953b: 77: faunistic record, distribution.; Ishida 1955: 75-76: distribution.; Takahashi 1960: 84: distribution.; Sidorenko 1999: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution.; Nakamura 2001: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records.; Paramonov 2004b: 69: faunistic record.; Paramonov 2006: 888-889: identification key, distribution.; Nakamura 2014: 54: distribution.; Kato and Suzuki 2017: 16: distribution.; Imada 2020: biology and ecology of larvae.

Liogma fuscipennis in Alexander 1932 111-112: original description; Alexander 1953a: 55-56, syn. nov.

Type material examined.

Liogma serraticornis Alexander: Paratype: Japan • ♂; Saitama, 29 May. 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM.

Non-type material examined.

Japan • 1 ♂; Aichi, Seto, Iwaya-cho, near Iwayada Park; 35.23957°N, 137.15084°E; alt. 300 m; 4 May. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Aichi, Toei, Futto; 35.10117°N, 137.6607°E; alt. 390 m; larva collected: 9 Mar. 2014, emerged: 1 Apr. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Aichi, Toyota, Kawashimo, triburary of Yahagi River; 35.20376°N, 137.30125°E; alt. 140 m; 4 May. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Aomori, Hirosaki, Ichinowatari-washinosu; 40.51923°N, 140.43889°E; alt. 205 m; 7 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Aomori, Hirosaki, Koguriyama, Inekari River; 40.53658°N, 140.48701°E; alt. 170 m; 7 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Ehime, Matsuyama, forest seep and stream; 33.86152°N, 132.82591°E; alt. 180 m; 20 Apr. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Odamiyama; 33.53°N, 132.86°E; 26 May. 1963; M. Miyatake leg.; EUMJ. • 5 ♂; Ehime, Saijo, spring and mosses rocks; 33.75504°N, 133.15377°E; alt. 1480 m; 16 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ehime, Toon-shi, Saragamine; 33.72361°N, 132.88602°E; alt. 955 m; 21 May. 2017; K. Kuroda leg.; EUMJ. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ehime, Wakayama, Mount Ishizuchi; 33.76491°N, 133.12948°E; alt. 1600 m; 5 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 2 ♀; Ehime, Wakayama, River Omogo gorge; 33.72581°N, 133.10291°E; alt. 750 m; 5 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP.. • 1 ♀; Ehime, Kumakogen, headwaters, stream; 33.56476°N, 132.93501°E; alt. 1387 m; 17 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Miyako, small stream and Japanese cedar forest; 33.49796°N, 130.95861°E; alt. 686 m; 21 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Soeda, rocky streem and moss covered cliff; 33.48309°N, 130.93289°E; alt. 900 m; 21 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Fukushima, Hinoemata, Ozebunanomori Museum; 36.99082°N, 139.27803°E; alt. 1230 m; 28 Jun. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Iwate, Hachimantai, Matsuoyoriki; 39.89958°N, 140.89155°E; alt. 1200 m; larvae collected: 14 Jun. 2014, emerged: 4 Jul. 2014; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Kagoshima, Inaodake; 31.12°N, 130.88°E; 11 May. 1952; Ito-Issiki leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Kagoshima, Kirishima, around Amori-gawa River, Hayato-cho-Kareigawa; 31.79821°N, 130.75275°E; 80 m; 28 Apr. 2018; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Kumamoto, Gokanosho; 32.53°N, 130.86°E; 5 May. 1926; S. Issiki leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Kumamoto, Yatsushiro, Izumimachi-Momiki; 32.4915°N, 130.99084°E; alt. 1060 m; 11 May. 2016; T. Hosoya, S. Kakizoe leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Kumamoto, Yatsushiro, Momiki-gawa river, Izumimachi-Momiki and Hagi; 32.51417°N, 130.93927°E; alt. 530 m; 11 May. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Kyoto, Kyoto, Kibune; 35.13681°N, 135.76622°E; alt. 458 m; 1 May. 2016; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Oshika, Oike; 35.4887°N, 138.0219°E; alt. 1250 m; 19 Oct. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Ueda, Sanada-machi, Irikaruizawa; 36.47441°N, 138.25481°E; alt. 777 m; 16 May. 2012; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Nagasaki, Unzen; 32.8°N, 130.23°E; May 1926; E. Svenson leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Oita, Kokonoe, Tano; 33.11621°N, 131.23541°E; alt. 1150 m; 7 May. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂; Saga, Kanzaki, springs; 33.43401°N, 130.36866°E; alt. 980 m; 23 May. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Saga, Karatsu, Tsubakiyama Pond, Hamatama-machi-torisu; 33.40414°N, 130.1064°E; alt. 630 m; 26. Apr. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Saga, Saga, Kase river near Hokuzan Dam, Fujimachi-sekiya; 33.43322°N, 130.23212°E; alt. 325 m; 23 Apr. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Miyoshi, around Matsuogawa Dam, Higashiiya-Ochiai; 33.96478°N, 133.93908°E; alt. 900 m; 15 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂; Tokushima, Minokosi, Mt. Tsurugi; 33.87°N, 134.11°E; alt. 1400 m; 1 Jun. 1950; Issiki-Ito leg.; EUMJ. • 1 ♂; Wakayama, Kozagawa, Takinohai; 33.6058°N, 135.76127°E; alt. 80 m; 13 Apr. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Yamanashi, Koshu, Enzankamihagihara, Kaminichikawa Pass; 35.73161°N, 138.83208°E; alt. 1580 m; 8 Jul. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. Russia • 1 ♂; Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk City; 48.48022°N, 135.07191°E; alt. 80 m; 2 Jun. 2014 - 6 Jun. 2014; N.E. Vikhrev leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Primorsky Krai, Khasansky District, Primorsky Settlement, Zolotistyy [Golden] Stream; 43.10075°N, 131.54862°E; alt. 62 m; 13 Jun. 2007; N.M. Paramonov leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Primorsky Krai, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve; 43.10075°N, 131.54862°E; alt. 62 m; 7 Jul. 1940; A.S. Monchadskij leg. • 1 ♂; same locality; 12 Jun. 1962; E.P. Narchuk leg.; • 1 ♂; same locality; 2 Jul. 1962; E.P. Narchuk leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♂; Primorsky Krai, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, bog near Kedrovka River; 43.10075°N, 131.54862° E; alt. 62 m; 16 Jun. 2007; • 1 ♂; same locality; 1 Jun. 2007 - 11 Jun. 2007; N.M. Paramonov leg.; ZIN. • Primorsky Krai, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, Zolotistyy [Golden] Stream; 43.1007°N, 131.5486°E; alt. 62 m; 2007.06.13, 1 ♂, N.M. Paramonov leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♂; Primorsky Krai, Terney District, Terney Urban-type Settlement, Lower Serebryanka [Sanhobe] River Valley; 45.09314°N, 136.5852°E; alt. 60 m; 18 Jun. 1937; K.J. Grunin leg.; ZIN. • 5 ♂; Sakhalin Oblast, Yuzhno-Kurilsk Urban Settlement, Kuril Islands, Kunashir Island, near Lagunnoe Lake; 44.062°N, 145.759°E; alt. 20 m; 11 Jul. 1954; N.A. Violovich leg.; ZIN. • 2 ♂; Sakhalin Oblast, Kunashir Island, lower course of the Saratovskaja River; 44.26042°N, 146.09912°E; alt. 16 m; 3 Jul. 2014 - 6 Jul. 2014; Y.N. Sundukov leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♂; Sakhalin Oblast, Kunashir Island, lower course of the Filatova River; 44.19078°N, 146.02006°E; alt. 60 m; 27 Jun. 2013 - 28 Jun. 2013; Y.N. Sundukov leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♂; Sakhalin Oblast, Kunashir Island, Alekhino Settlement [uninhabited]; 43.918°N, 145.529°E; alt. 5 m; 29 Jun. 1962; G.O. Krivoluckaja leg.; ZIN. • 1 ♀; Sakhalin Oblast, Sakhalin Island, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk City; 46.959°N, 142.738°E; alt. 50 m; 22 Jun. 1956; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality; 27 Jun. 1956; N.A. Violovich leg.; ZIN.

Redescription.

Head. Black with weak greyish pubescence (Fig. 28C, D ). Rostrum short without nasus, but with few hairs (Fig. 28B, E ); rostrum and mouthparts brown to black (Fig. 28B, E ). Palpus brown to black, five-segmented; first two segments sometimes darker than the rest; last segment 1.3-1.8 × longer than penultimate. Scape cylindrical 1.5-2 × longer than pedicel (Fig. 4F ); pedicel ovate; pedicel and scape same coloured or scape slightly darker, yellowish brown to brown; flagellum 14 segmented, monochrome dark brown to black; flagellar segments greatly expanded ventrally in male, last flagellomere cylindrical (Figs 4F , 28D ). Flagellomeres 2-6 or 7 extended in female, remaining segments cylindrical (Figs 4F , 28E ). Extended flagellomeres covered with dense whitish sensilla; 2-4 long verticels on dorsal surface, two verticels in lateral surface, two shorter on ventral side; first flagellomere always bearing additional verticels (Fig. 4F ).

Thorax. Uniformly black with very weak greyish pubescence (Fig. 28B, C ). Pleural area, base of wing, and base of halter yellowish or greyish white (Fig. 28B ). Scatter, pale, short hairs present on mesonotum, forming two barely visible lines. Ventral part of thorax generally dark brown to uniformly black. Anterior half or more of mediotergite and almost all pleurotergite rugose (Fig. 28B ). Trochanter yellow to pale brown; femur gradually darkening, basal part yellowish, apically dark brown; tibia gradually darkening distally, pale brown to dark brownish black; tarsus uniformly black (Fig. 28A ). Wing hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown (typical " Liogma serraticornis " form) or infuscated (" Liogma fuscipennis " form); pterostigma pale brown to black; veins dark brown; three branches of M reaching wing margin; M1 at same level as M1+2, cell a2 less than 6 × longer than wide (Fig. 5F ); membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig. 28A ). Halter monochrome, yellowish brown to black (Fig. 28A ).

Abdomen. Black, without any clear patterns (Fig. 28A ).

Male terminalia: Relatively small, uniformly black or ventral parts of gonocoxite paler; directed caudally (Fig. 28A ). Tergite 9 fused with gonocoxite (Fig. 29C ); proximal margin with two obtuse triangular lobes, which bent back under tergite 9 (Fig. 29A ). Sternite 9 fully membranous (Fig. 29B ). Gonocoxite large, 1.7-1.8 × longer than tergite 9; with long ventral lobe, tip covered by pale, short spine-like setae (Fig. 29B, C ); inner surface of gonocoxite sclerotised, forming dorsal plate with conspicuous edge next to tergite 9 (Fig. 29A ). Gonostylus simple, tapering to tip (Fig. 29A-C ). Aedeagus complex large, 1.2-1.3 × longer than gonocoxite. Ejaculator apodeme and sperm pump large, together half of length of aedeagal complex (Fig. 29D-F ); not covered by parameres (Fig. 29F ); interbase spoon-like with small notch apically in lateral view (Fig. 29F ); dorsal lobe of interbase small, directed inward in dorsal view (Fig. 29D ); dorsal lobe between interbases large, globular and semi-transparent, as wide as tip of interbase in lateral view (Fig. 29F ). Aedeagus straight, directed ventrally in 45°; sperm ducts branching from elongated portion of sperm pump, base of branches darkened (Fig. 29D, F ); middle branch of aedeagus shorter than lateral branches; each with small spines ventrally; apical end of branches with hyaline membranous tissue (Fig. 29G ).

Female terminalia: Brown to black, end of cercus and hypogynial valve yellowish (Fig. 28F ). Tergite 8> 2 × wider than tergite 9 in lateral view (Fig. 30B ); not divided medially in dorsal view (Fig. 30A ). Tergite 9 widening ventrally in lateral view, with small notch at posterior corner (Fig. 30B ). Tergite 10 with triangular sclerite smaller, ~ 1/3 of length of tergite 10; sclerite separated from tergite 10 (Fig. 30B ); lateral lobe relatively long, at least 2 × longer than wide (Fig. 30B ). Cercus oval; hypogynial valve elongated, blade-shaped. Cercus on dorsal surface close to apical end weakly, but clearly rugose, serrate (Fig. 30B ); ventral margin of cercus without notch, evenly curved (Fig. 30B ). Common spermathecal duct, short, indistinct; spermathecal ducts with extended parts, golf-tees-like (Fig. 30C ); three round, spermathecae present, duct curved or straight (Fig. 30D ).

Distribution.

Japan (Hokkaido I, Honshu I, Shikoku I, and Kyushu I) and Russia (Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast (incl. Kuril I) ( Oosterbroek 2021). First record from Khabarovsk Krai, Russia (Fig. 31A ).

Comments.

The morphological comparison of this species with L. brevipecten is discussed under that species. Colouration is variable within specimens of Liogma serraticornis . Usually, colouration is black with a paler pleural area, and the wing membrane is almost transparent, tinged with pale yellowish brown. In darker specimens, the pleural area and wing membrane is infuscated. This darker form was described as a separate species, Liogma fuscipennis Alexander, 1932, but was later synonymised with L. serraticornis (Alexander 1953). No genital and genetic difference between the paler and darker specimens were found during our study.

Figures

Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma kuwanai " form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma limbinervis " form.

Figure 28. Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax of male, dorsal view D head of male, lateral view E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view.

Figure 29. Male genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B Terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus.

Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae.

Figure 31. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 B Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data.