Senaspis dibapha (Walker, 1849)

Meyer, Marc De, Goergen, Georg & Jordaens, Kurt, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical hover fly genus Senaspis Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae), ZooKeys 1003, pp. 83-160 : 83

Senaspis dibapha (Walker, 1849) Figs 2 , 16-19 , 53 , 65-67 , 81 , 92 , 103

Xylota dibaphus Walker, 1849: 560.

Eristalis nigripennis Macquart, 1855: 108. Syn. nov.

Eristalomyia rufonasuta Bigot, 1891: 375. Syn. by Bezzi (1912).

Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama Speiser, 1910: 123. Syn. by Bezzi (1912).

Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama var. sulfurata Speiser, 1911: 240. Syn. by Smith and Vockeroth (1980).

Differential diagnosis.

The only Senaspis species with a pair of lateral facial tubercles in addition to the medial one (Fig. 16 ) (only single medial tubercle in all other Senaspis species). Legs predominantly orange to rufous with slender metafemur (Fig. 81 ) (thickened in all other Senaspis species). The wing is largely brownish without distinct medial macula (Fig. 65 ).

Examined material.

Xylota dibaphus Walker: Lectotype (hereby formally designated and published; see comments), female, "Lecto- // type" " Xylota // Type // Xylota dibaphus // Walk." “Locality?” "LECTOTYPE of // Xylota // Xylota dibaphus Walker // desig. F.C. Thompson 1987" [NHMUK].

Eristalis nigripennis Macquart: Lectotype (hereby designated), male, "SYN- // TYPE" "ex. coll. Bigot. // Prs. by // G.H. Verrall. // B.M.1901-14." "E. Eristalis nigripennis ♂. // Columbia Macq." “NHMUK010369880” “LECTOTYPUS” [NHMUK]. Paralectotype, male, "SYN- // TYPE" “COLUMBIA” "ex. coll. Bigot. // Prs. by // G.H. Verrall. // B.M.1901-14." " Eristalis // Eristalis nigripennis // ♂. Macq." “NHMUK010369879” "PARA- // LECTOTYPUS" [NHMUK].

Eristalomyia rufonasuta Bigot: Holotype, female, "Holo- // type" "Assinie // Afrique oc" "Type // J. Bigot" " Eristalomyia // Eristalomyia rufonasuta // ♀" "Assinie, // W. Africa. // Ex coll. // Bigot. // Pres by // G.H. Verrall. // 94.234." "BMNH(E) # // 230784" [NHMUK].

Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama Speiser: Holotype, female, "Kilimandj. // Sjöstedt” "Kibonoto // kulturz." “maj” " Eristalis (Dolichom.) // gÿpseisquama // P. Speiser det. // Tÿpe!” "NHRS-BYWS // 000002768" "Loan // 575/99" [NRMS, examined through images].

Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama var. sulfurata Speiser: Lectotype (hereby designated), male, “Typus” "Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S." "Juli-Oktob. // 1890 Preuss S." "Zool. Mus // Berlin" “LECTOTYPUS” [MNB]. Paralectotype, female, “Typus” "Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S." "Zool. Mus // Berlin" "PARA- // LECTOTYPUS" [MNB]. Paralectotype, female, “Typus” "Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S." "Zool. Mus // Berlin" "PARA- // LECTOTYPUS" [MNB]. Paralectotype, male, “Typus” "S. Kamerun. // Bipindi //IV. 97. //G. Zenker. S°." "Buschwald. // IV. 97." " Eristalis (Stenasp) // Eristalis gypseisquama m. // P. Speiser det." "Zool. Mus. // Berlin " "PARA- // LECTOTYPUS " [MNB]. Possibly paralectotype (see comments), female: "Sierra Leone // Dr Staudinger V. " "Sierra // Leone // Staudinger" "Zool. Mus. // Berlin " [MNB].

Other material.

Angola • 1♂; Camissombo; 4-13 Feb. 1958; G.H. Heinrich leg.; CNC • 1♀; Landana; 1875; Klein leg.; MNHN • 2♂♂ 1♀; 30 km N of Quiculungo; Sep.-Oct. 1957; CNC • 1♀; Texeira de Sousa [= Luau]; Feb. 1965; C.A. Green leg.; NMSA. Benin • 1♀; Bonou; 24 Nov. 2011; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 3♂♂ 3♀♀; Niaouli; 21 Nov. 2011; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Niaouli; 10 Dec. 2013; K. Jordaens and G. Goergen leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀; Pénéssoulou; Jun. 2014; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Pobè; 27 Jan. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂ 9♀♀; Porto Novo; Aug. 2006; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Sérou; Nov. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA. Burundi • 1♀; Bubanza, Gihanga Hill; 20 Nov. 195[?]; F.J. François leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kisenyi; 26 Dec. 1952; KBIN • 1♀; Mugina; 21 Jun. 1949; F.J. François leg.; KBIN • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; Murmirwa, Nyakibande; 24 Apr. 2019; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 3♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2019 • 1♂; Murmirwa, Nyambuye; 18 Jun. 2019; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Sep. 2019 • 4♂♂ 6♀♀; Rwegura, Kibira NP; 31 May 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 1♀; Teza, Kibira NP; 28 May 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE. Cameroon • 2♀♀; Abong M’bang; 1-30 Apr. 1936; F.G. Merfield leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; D’Ja Posten; 1-30 Jul. 1936; F.G. Merfield leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Lolodorf; 5 Nov. 1913; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 3♀♀; Mbalmayo; 3 Jul. 1998; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1998 • 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Jul. 1998 • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1998 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1998 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; May 1999 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jul. 1999 • 1♀; Metet; 15 Aug. 1919; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 1♂; N’Tem; 1907; Cottes leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Tokélé; 16 Oct. 1965; B. de Miré leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Yaoundé-Ototomo; 23 Jul. 1965; L. Matile leg.; MNHN • 1♂; Yaoundé-Nkolbisson; 17-21 Oct. 1967; L. Tsacas leg.; MNHN. Central African Republic • 1♂; Bagandou, Lobaye; 14 Sep. 1967; L. Matile leg.; MNHN. Democratic republic of the Congo • 1♀; Abok; Oct. 1935; Ch. Scops leg.; KMMA • 5♂♂ 12♀♀; Akenge, Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Akunimbagi; 22 Nov. 1932; H.J. Brédo leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bafwasende, Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Nov. 1945; F. François leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1946 • 1♂ 1♀; Bafuwasikuli; 11 Sep. 1912; Christy leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bamania, Equateur; 1958; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bamanya, Tshuapa; 1968; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Bambesa; 21 Mar. 1938; J. Vrydagh leg.; KBIN • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6-9 Nov. 1938 • 1♂; Bambesa; 10 Aug. 1933; J.V. Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Oct. 1933 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Oct. 1933 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1934 • 3♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Oct. 1933; H.J. Brédo leg. • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Oct. 1938; J. Vrydagh leg. • 6♂♂ 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jul. 1943; J. Vrydagh leg. • 1♂; Bangala, Kutu; 18 Jun. 1935; G. Settembrino leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Barumbu; Feb. 1921; J. Ghesquière leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Barumbu; 22 Jun. 1921; Tihou; KMMA • 1♂; Bas Congo; KMMA • 1♀; Basoko; 1911; Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Basoko; Oct. 1948; P.L.G. Benoit leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Beni Bendi, Sankuru; Jan. 1895; L. Claetens leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Benzali, Kinshasa; 3 Oct. 1968; P.M. Elsen leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bokuma, Tshuapa; Jul. 1952; P. Lootens leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Feb. 1954 • 1♂; Bolingo, Busira River; 23 Jun. 1936; J. Ghesquière leg.; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Jun. 1936 • 1♀; Bombutu, Salonga; Jun. 1936; J. Ghesquière leg.; KBIN • 1♀; south of Bukavu, Tanganyika; 28 Aug. 1931; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Bumba; Dec. 1939-Jan. 1940; H. De Saeger leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Coquilhatville [= Mbandaka]; 12 May 1927; E. Mestdagh leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Costermansville [= Bukavu]; Jan.-Jun. 1951; H. Bomans leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Dekese, Itunda; Aug. 1959; F.J. François leg.; KBIN • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1959 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1959 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Feb. 1960 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Feb. 1960 • 1♀; Dingila, Uelé; 15 Jul. 1933; J.V. Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Djambi; 23 Dec. 1913; CNC • 1♂; Eala; Apr. 1932; H.J. Brédo leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Eala; 27 Mar. 1935; J. Ghesquière leg.; KBIN • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 May 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 17 May 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jun. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Sep. 1935 • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Nov. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Feb. 1936 • 2♂♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Sep. 1936 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Oct. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27 Oct. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; 26 Feb. 1939; H.J. Brédo leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Etata, Tshuapa; Sep-Oct. 1969; J. Hauwaerts leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Flandria [= Boteka], Tshuapa; Sep. 1946-Aug. 1947; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Gamangui, Ituri; Feb. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Gandjo, P.N. Albert; 1934; G.F. de Witte; KMMA • 1♀; Goma, Kivu; 10-15 May 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Gombari, Uelé; D.J. Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Inongo; Aug. 1913; J. Maes leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Irangi, Kivu; Feb. 1986; E. Heiss leg.; CDFA • 1♀; Isangi; May 1949; R.P. Camps leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂ 1♀; Ituri Forest; Jul. 1976; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♀; Jenge; Dec. 1931; Putnam leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Jumbi, Mayumbe; 5 May 1926; A. Collart leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Kabinda; 1914; J. Schwetz leg.; NHMUK • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; Kadjudju; May-Jun. 1932; G. Babault leg.; MNHN • 4♂♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1932 • 1♂ 1♀; Kakanou, Lomami; Jun. 1918; J. Schwetz leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kalenge, Lulua; Aug. 1932; G.F. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 1934 • 1♀; Kalonge, P.N. Albert; 23-31 Jul. 1952; P. Vanschuytbroeck and J.Kekenbosch leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27-30 Jul. 1952 • 1♀; Kapanga, Lulua; Nov. 1928; Walker leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kapanga, Lulua; Aug. 1932; G.F. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1932 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 1933 • 1♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1933 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1933 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1933; CNC • 1♂; Kelzongo, Ubangi; 1 Feb. 1932; H.J. Brédo leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Keshero, Kivu; 27 Aug. 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kibali, Yindi, Ituri; May 1949; A.E. Bertrand leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Kibombo; 31 Oct. 1910; Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kisantu; 1932; De Wulf leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kikyo, nr Kalonge, P.N. Albert; 10 Aug. 1952; R.P. Lootens leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kissenyi, Kivu; 25 Apr. 1923; Van Saceghem leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1924 • 1♀; Komi, Sankuru; Dec. 1930; J. Ghesquière leg.; CNC • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Apr. 1930; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 1930 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 1930 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1930 • 1♀; Kona; 16 May 2010; P. Grootaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Kondue, Sankuru, E. Luja leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lemba, Mayumbe; 1-10 Dec. 1915; R. Mayné leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Leverville [= Lusanga]; 1♂; Jan. 1914; P. Vanderijst leg.; KMMA • 1♀; 1928; J. Tinant leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lokandu, Biawa Island; Jul. 1939; Vissers leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Lubutu; 22 Jan. 1915; J. Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lueba near Baraka, Lake Taganyika; 16 Apr. 1927; R. Bois leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Luebo; 30 Aug. 1921; H. Schouteden leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lukolela; Nov. 1934; Ledoux leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Luputa, Lomami; Sep. 1934; Bouvier leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 1935 • 1♂; Lusambo; 1938; V. Lagae leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Luvungi; Feb. 1916; Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mayumbe; 1917; R. Mayné leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mbau, North Kivu; 8-21 Dec. 1971; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; Moanda; KMMA • 1♀; Mobeka, Ubangi; 11 Aug. 1947; M. Poll, leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Moma, Equateur; Jun. 1925; J. Ghesquière and Prince Leopold leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂; Mongbwalu, Kilo; 1937; Scheitz leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mulungu, Kivu; 5 Apr. 1937; H.J. Brédo leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mulungu, Kivu; Nov. 1951; P. Lefèvre leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Niangara, Uelé; Nov. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Ouellé, Bouta; A. Dubois leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Poko; Uelé; Aug. 1913; Lang and Chapin leg.; CNC • 13♂♂ 18♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♂; Rumangabo, Nyakibanda, P.N. Albert; 11-13 Apr. 1945; G.F. de Witte leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Rutshuru; Jan. 1928; Ch. Seydel leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Rutshuru; 24 Nov. 1952; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Sake, nr Mutayo River, Kivu; 21 Mar. 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Sankuru; 1910; Abrassart leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Shakakombe; 20 Apr. 1959; F.J. François leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Lang and Chapin leg.; CNC • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1915 • 2♂♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK • 1♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♂; Tshibinda, Kivu; Dec. 1927; Ch. Seydel leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Uelé River; Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂; Uruwu to Beni; Dec. 1935; F. François leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Uvira; Aug.-Dec. 1949; G. Marlier leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Wamba; 1936; Degotte leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Yahuma; Dec. 1948; P.L.G. Benoit leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Yangangu, Libenge; Oct.-Nov. 1945; C. Henrard leg.; KMMA. Equatorial Guinea • 1♀; Nkolentangan; 17 Nov. 1907; S.G. Tessmann leg.; MNB • 2♂♂ 3♀♀; San Benito [= Mbini]; 1885; Guiral leg.; MNHN. Gabon • 1♀; Lambaréné; 1921; E. Le Moult leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Lastourville; G. Le Testu leg.; MNHN • 2♀♀; Libreville; Aug. 1892; MNB • 1♂; Libreville road, 50 km from Makokou; 8 May 1974; M. Donskoff and J. Le Breton leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Mabilé range; 14 Apr. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Makokou; Jul. 1970; J. David leg.; MNHN • 1♂; Muni, Mts de Cristal; 15-31 Oct. 1969; A. Villiers leg.; MNHN. Ghana • 1♀; Aburi; 1912-1913; W.H. Patterson leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Ayona; May 2008; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Buro-Buro, Kumasi; 24 May 1976; A.B. Stam leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Cape Coast; Dec. 2004; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Kade; 3 Apr. 1964; C. Dudley leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Nadia; 1913; A.E. Evans leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nyabo, Ashanti; 29 Mar. 1947; J. Bowden leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Obuasi; 20 Feb. 1906; W.M. Graham leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Aug. 1906 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Jul. 1907 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Aug. 1907 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; [no date] • 12♂♂ 7♀♀; Wati Waterfalls; Feb. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA. Guinea Conakry • 3♀♀; Tamara Island, Iles de Los; Jul. 1913; J. Serand leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Yanlé; Jun. 1942; M. Lamotte leg.; MNHN. Ivory Coast • 1♀; Daloa; Dec. 1930-Apr. 1931; Ch. Alluaud and P.A. Chappuis leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Danané; Jan. 1939; L. Chopard leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Duékué; Dec. 1930-Apr. 1931; Ch. Alluaud and P.A. Chappuis leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Koun-Abronso; Sep. 1961; J. Decelle leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Odienne; 1 May 1973; V. Vittard leg.; MNHN. Kenya • 1♀; Bura, Taita; Mar. 1912; Alluaud and Jeannel leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Bwamba; Jul.-Aug. 1946; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Ilala, 14 mi E Mumias; 18-21 Jun. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Kaimosi; Mar.-Apr. 1932; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 1949 • 1♂; Kakamega Forest; 18-22 Jan. 1972; C.F. Huggins leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Mawakota; Jul. 1929; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Nyangnori, West Nandi; Oct. 1904; Alluaud leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Taveta; Aug. 1947; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Yala River, S edge Kakamega Forest; 21-28 May 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK. Liberia • 1♀; House Voinjana; 3 Sep. 1959; NHMUK • 1♀; river camp 3; 1926; J. Bequaert leg.; KMMA. Malawi • 1♂; Chintheche; Dec. 1977; R. Jocqué leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mt Mlanje; 26 Oct. 1912; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 1913 • 1♀; Mt Mlanje; Jan.-Feb. 1914; J.B. Davey leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; 10 km W Nkhata Bay; 5-6 Mar. 1987; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA. Mozambique • 1♀; Tumbine Mountains, Milange; Apr. 1958; B. Stuckenberg leg.; NMSA. Nigeria • 1♂ 1♀; Aiyangba, N Nigeria; 11 Jan. 1911; T.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Ibadan, IITA Centre; Oct. 1997; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2001 • 2♀♀; Ile-Ife; 30-31 Dec. 1969; J.T. Medler leg.; CNC • 1♂; S. Nigeria; T.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK. Republic Of The Congo • 2♀♀; Lambaréné, Ogooué; E. Ellenberger leg.; MNHN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1911 • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1912 • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1913 • 2♀♀; N’Kogo, Ogooué; 1901; J. Bouyssou leg.; MNHN • 2♂♂; N’Goko-Sanga Basin, Ouesso; 1906; J. Gravot leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Ubokasanga; 1906; D. Gnavorod leg.; MNHN. Rwanda • 1♀; Ninda, P.N. Albert; 26 Sep. 1934; G.F. de Witte leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Rubona; 17 Jun. 1955; P. Elsen leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Shangugu; 23 Oct.-15 Nov. 1948; F.J. François leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Shangugu; 6 Apr. 1953; P. Basilewsky leg.; KMMA. Tanzania • 1♀; Bukoba; 10 Jun. 1912; C.C Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Amani; G. Pringle leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Amani; 10 Dec. 1960; CNC • 1♂ 1♀; Morogoro; 6 May 1925; A.H. Ritchie leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 May 1925 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 May 1925. Togo • 2♀♀; Dzogbégan; 9 Jun. 1999; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Kloto; Aug. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 2003 • 30♂♂ 20♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2004 • 35♂♂ 24♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2004 • 7♂♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2004 • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2004 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2005 • 12♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2005 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2005 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2006 • 4♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2007 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2008 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2015 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21-24 Jan. 2016 • 1♀; Kloto Forest; Oct. 2005; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♂♂ 1♀; Kuma-Tokpli; 21-24 Jan. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; KMMA. Uganda • 1♀; Ankole, West Uganda; 30 Dec. 1975; M.K. Paulus leg.; CNC • 1♀; Ankole-Toro border, E Lake George; 20-21 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Buamba Forest, Semliki Valley; 3-7 Nov. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Budongo Forest, Unyoro; 11-15 Dec. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Buramba Forest, Toro District; 22 Oct. 1913; R.E. McConnell leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; East Busoga, between Jinja and Busia or Mbwago; 28 Jul-1 Aug. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Bwamba; 1 Jul. 1976; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♂; Bwamba Valley; Jul. 1945; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; CNC • 1♀; Doro or Durro Forest, Toro; 25-29 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; Mount Elgon; 4-8 Dec. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; Entebbe; 1-11 Sep. 1911; S.A. Neave leg. • 1♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18-20 Nov. 1912; C.C. Gowdey leg. • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3-4 Dec. 1912 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12-13 Dec. 1912 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1959; P.S. Corbet leg. • 1♀; Entebbe; 16 Oct. 1971; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jun. 1972 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Oct. 1971; ZFMK • 9♀♀; near Entebbe; 1-14 Feb. 1973; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 2♀♀; Gayaza, Ankole; 17 Mar. 1936; H.B. Johnston leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 3♀♀; Lake George; 17-19 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Hoima-Kampala Road; 3 Jan. 1912; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; Ibanda; 23-28 Dec. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 19-24 Apr. 1973 • 1♂ 1♀; Impenetrable Forest, Ruhiza, Kigezi; 1-10 Jun. 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♂; Jinja; Sep. 1928; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1930 • 1♂; Katera Forest, South of Maseka; May 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 2♂♂ 2♀♀; Kayonza Forest, Kigezi; May 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 2♂♂; Mabira Forest, Chagwe; 16-25 Jul. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Maramagambo Forest, Lutoto, on Lake Edward Road; 1 Feb. 1912; H.B. Edwards leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Masinda; Feb. 1912; R. Fyffe leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mbali; 19 Aug. 1912; C.H. Marshall leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mbarara, Ankole; Sep. 1966; M.G. Jefferies leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Mbuma; 22 May 1910; C.A. Wiggins leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mpanga Forest, Toro; 13-23 Nov. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nakasongola; 28 Jul. 1911; C.C. Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Aug. 1912 • 2♀♀; Nkokonjera; 23 Dec. 1910; C.C. Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Nyanza Victoria Northwest shores; 12-15 Sep. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nyrbthozi County, Nyabushozi; 21 Jan. 1975; P. Mugabi leg.; CNC • 1♂; Ruwenzori Foothills; 3-8 Jan. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♂; Rumi River; [no date]; J. Fraser leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Feb. 1912 • 1♀; Semliki Forest; 18 Feb. 1912; J. Fraser leg. NHMUK. Zimbabwe • 1♀; Bomponi; 16 May 1965; D. Cookson leg.; NMSA • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 24 May 1965 • 1♂; N. Vumba; 7 Apr. 1966; D. Cookson leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Zonwi River bridge; 17 Feb. 1963; A. van Bruggen leg.; NMSA.

Description.

Body length: 13.5-18.2 mm. Wing length: 11.0-12.7 mm.

Male (Fig. 2 ). Head (Figs 16 , 17 ). Eye bare, holoptic; eye contiguity for distance at most 1.5 times length of ocellar triangle, facets slightly enlarged in dorsal half, ca. three times as large in diameter as ventral facets. Frons dark rufous to black-brown; largely subshiny with black pollinosity in dorsal fifth only; dispersed short dark pile, dorsally somewhat longer. Face ground colour rufous (very rarely more black-brown); mainly shining with weak grey pollinosity only below antenna, along eye margin and below lateral facial tubercle; in parts with dispersed short pale pile; facial tubercle strongly pronounced, distinct lateral tubercle present. Gena colour and pollinosity as face; with short to long pale pile. Occiput black-brown, along eye margin more orange, with dispersed pale pile. Antennal segments and arista rufous.

Thorax (Fig. 53 ). Scutum subshiny black; with very short black pile; postpronotum and notopleuron more orange to rufous and with longer pale or dark pile; transverse suture with fascia of black pollinosity. Scutellum clearly marginated, distinctly rounded and at most twice as wide as long; rufous, sometimes darker; with short dark pile, along margins paler pile. Pleura ground colour black to black-brown, along anterior spiracle more orange to rufous, covered with dispersed long dark pile except on meron, dorsomedial anepimeron, ventral part of katepimeron, anterior part of katepisternum and anterior anepisternum.

Legs. Orange to rufous (very rarely more brown), metatarsomeres 3-5 darker; with short pale orange pile, along posterior margin of pro- and mesofemora and ventral margin of metafemur with longer pile, sometimes pile partially dark red. Metaleg (Fig. 81 ), femur slender, with slight ventral swelling in apical fifth, pile at swelling black and more dense; tibia slightly thickened and curved, pile along ventral margin in apical half to two-thirds longer and more dense.

Wing (Fig. 65 ). Brownish, except alula and along posterior margin where hyaline; hyaline area not distinctly demarcated. Calypters dull chalk-white to yellow with fringe of silvery white to yellow pile (Figs 66 , 67 ). Cell r1 closed, petiole usually shorter than height of base of stigma, at most as long as base. Vein R4+5 sinuate and short appendiculate, sometimes appendix missing.

Abdomen (Fig. 92 ). Uniformly subshiny black to black-brown, rarely posteriorly more rufous; with short dark pile except tergum I where silver-grey. Sterna rufous to black-brown; with dispersed long pale pile except for sternum IV and postabdomen where dark. Male genitalia as in Fig. 103 .

Female. As male except for the following character states: Eye dichoptic (Figs 18 , 19 ), dorsal facets slightly larger than ventral ones. Frons with rufous to black pollinosity in dorsal part for length equal to ocellar triangle; with short dark pile except dorsal of antennal implant where intermixed with greyish pile. Scutellum usually darker, almost concolourous with medial part of scutum, sometimes more than twice as wide as long.

Distribution.

Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Record from Colombia for the type specimen of Eristalis nigripennis is probably an error as the species is not reported from the Neotropical Region (see Comments).

Comments.

This species has been described under several names but most of them were synonymized subsequently. No distinct character states could be discerned to confirm the specific status of these taxa, so the different synonymies are confirmed. The description of S. nigripennis deviates in some aspects from the morphological character states observed in S. dibapha : "face d’un noir brunâtre luisant" [face shiny brownish black]; "Thorax et abdomen … à légers reflets verts" [Thorax and abdomen with light greenish reflections]; "jambes postérieures…. ciliées de noir" [posterior legs … black ciliated]. Other character states correspond with S. dibapha . However, the two syntypes of S. nigripennis in the NHMUK collection do not correspond with the above mentioned deviations, although one syntype (partially covered in mould) does have a darker facial colour than usually observed and the pilosity of the metatibia is dark reddish (as observed in other specimens). Speiser (1913) also pointed out a slightly different shape of the scutellum in S. nigripennis , compared to S. dibapha , but this seems to fall within the variability observed in the material examined. In all other aspects they are identical to other material of S. dibapha studied, including the type. They are labelled as originating from Colombia, as stated in the original description by Macquart: "De la Colombie". Speiser (1913) already suggested the synonymy, but he did not formally designate it based on the geographical issue. Thompson et al. (1976) in the Neotropical catalogue listed this under the genus Palpada Macquart, 1834 as a new combination and indicated Oxford museum as type depository. However, no type specimen could be traced in the OXUM collection (Z. Simmons, pers. comm.). Montoya (2016) did not list Eristalis nigripennis anymore in his catalogue of Syrphidae from Colombia. The Systema Dipterorum website ( Evenhuis and Pape 2020) listed it as junior synonym of S. dibapha . We consider the type material at NHM as being representative and hence S. nigripennis as being synonymous with S. dibapha . The type of S. dibapha bears a lectotype label by F.C. Thompson, dated 1987, but this lectotype designation does not seem to have been published. Here we thus formally place Eristalis nigripennis Macquart as synonym of Senaspis dibapha Walker.

Speiser (1910) described Eristalis gypseisquama from a number of specimens originating from West (Cameroon and Sierra Leone) and East (Tanzania, Uganda) Africa. Afterwards, Speiser (1911) considered the material from West Africa as a separate variety ( Eristalis sulfurata ), based on the coloration of the calypters. Of the specimens from West Africa, a number could be traced in the MNB collection (see above type material examined). The material from Uganda (for Eristalis gypseisquama ) and part of the material from Barombi, Cameroon and the male specimen from Kondué, Democratic Republic of the Congo (for Eristalis gypseisquama var. sulfurata ) could, however, not be traced. The female specimen from Sierra Leone in the MNB collection (apparently received or purchased from Staudinger) could be the type referred to as 'ein angekauftes F aus Sierra Leone’ in Speiser (1910). Although the latter is not explicitly mentioned in Speiser (1911) as type of Eristalis sulfurata var. sulfurata , it is implied under "Alle diese Exemplare haben hell citronengelbe statt weisser Schüppchen, sind aber sonst völlig gleich mit den Ostafrikanern" [All of these specimens have bright lemon yellow instead of white calypters, but are otherwise identical to the East Africans] (in Speiser 1910) and "westafrikanische Form als besondere Varietät mit einem Namen zu belegen" [to assign a name to the West African form as a special variety] (in Speiser 1911).

Smith and Vockeroth (1980) listed Eristalis sulfurata as a distinct species but as junior synonym of Senaspis dibapha . As indicated the colour of the lower calypter is variable from yellowish to bright white. Speiser (1911) suggested that there is a geographical separation between S. gypseisquama sensu stricto found in eastern Africa, and the variety Senaspis sulfurata found in West and Central Africa. However, we have studied long series throughout the full geographical range and do not confirm this pattern. Both colour forms were found in close by or same locations (Figs 66 , 67 , material from same locality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Dekese, Itunda). DNA barcodes of specimens from West (i.e., Benin, Ghana, Togo), Central (D.R. Congo) and East (Uganda) Africa do not show any separation (Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1). No other correlated characters states could be linked to the color of the lower calypter. Therefore, the character is considered to be variable, not related to geographic distribution and of no taxonomic importance.

Figures

Figures 1, 2. Senaspis species, habitus, lateral view 1 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 2 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂).

Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀).

Figures 52 - 55. Senaspis species, thorax, dorsal view 52 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 53 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 54, 55 S. elliotii Austen (♂).

Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters.

Figures 80 - 85. Senaspis species, hind leg, anterior view 80 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 81 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 82 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 83 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 84 S. flaviceps Macquart (♀) 85 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂).

Figures 91 - 96. Senaspis species, abdomen, dorsal view 91 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 92 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 93 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 94 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 95 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂) 96 S. melanthysana (Speiser) (♂).

Figures 102 - 113. Senaspis species, male terminalia 102 - 108, 110, 112 dorsal view 109, 111, 113 lateral view 102 S. dentipes (Macquart) 103 S. dibapha (Walker) 104 S. elliotii Austen 105 S. flaviceps Macquart 106 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) 107 S. nigrita (Bigot) 108, 109 S. melanthysana (Speiser) 110, 111 S. umbrifera (Walker) (holotype) 112, 113 S. nr umbrifera (Walker).