Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1863)

Haran, Julien M., 2021, The Smicronychini of southern Africa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Review of the tribe and description of 12 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 735, pp. 34-73 : 55-57

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1239

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E81E516-72A2-40BC-A766-FC66820831D8

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708019

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2049F649-FFD6-FFE5-5945-FB29FC945557

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1863)
status

 

Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1863) View in CoL

Figs 1J View Fig , 4B View Fig , 5I View Fig , 6A; Table 1 View Table 1

Micronyx fallax Gyllenhal, 1836: 427 View in CoL .

Smicronyx fallax ( Gyllenhal, 1836) View in CoL [ Schoenherr 1843].

Differential diagnosis

Of the southern African Smicronychini , Smicronyx fallax is closely related to S. albosquamosus , which may be found in sympatry with this species. They can be distinguished by the shape of their prothorax (isodiametric in S. fallax , wider than long in S. albosquamosus ) and their claws (equal in length in S. fallax , unequal in S. albosquamosus in most specimens). These species show an interspecific genetic distance of 12.3% for the barcode fragment.

Material examined

Neotype (here designated) REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; “ Rep. of South Africa; Underberg [KwaZulu-Natal Province]; 29°346′37.42″S 29°30′00.44″E; 1579 m, 25.xii.2018; J. Haran leg.” / “Beating Cuscuta sp. parasite of Artemisia afra ; JHAR01694_0101” / “NEOTYPE; Smicronyx fallax ( Gyllenhal, 1836) ; Des. Haran 2021”; NHRS.

Other material

NAMIBIA • 14 specs; Oanob lake ; 23°19.242′ S, 17°1.008′ E; 7 Dec. 2018; J. Haran leg.; beating and at base of Cuscuta campestris parasite of Asteraceae ; JHAR01630 ; ethanol coll. CBGP. GoogleMaps

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for neotype; SAMC; • 1 ♂; same collection data as for neotype; SANC 1 ♂; same collection data as for neotype; CBGP 9 specs; same collection data as for neotype; ethanol coll. CBGP 1 ♂; Limpopo Province, Tzaneen Mokgolobotho; 23°51.967′ S, 30°16.776′ S; alt. 561 m; 7 Feb. 2019; J. Haran leg.; beating and at base of Cuscuta sp. parasite of Asteraceae ; JHAR02166 ; CBGP 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Mpumalanga Province, Kruger Park, Skukuza ; 12–14 Dec. 1985; S. & J. Peck leg.; thorn scrub forest, evening car netting; MCN 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Kruger National Park, Skukuza ; 24.59 S, 3138 E; 8 Mar. 1996; Endrödy-Younga leg.; UV light; TMSA 8 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Kruger National Park , Pafuri rest camp ; 22.25 S, 31.12 E; 30 Jan. 1994; Endrödy-Younga leg.; UV light trap; TMSA GoogleMaps 1 ♀; Limpopo Province, Little Muck ; 22.15 S, 29.16 E; 8–9 Dec. 2008; R. Müller leg.; at light; TMSA GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Kareepoort, near Sonop; 25.38,3 S, 27.39,4 E; alt. 1150 m; 1 Oct. 1996; Millar, Stals and Stiller leg.; beating Acacia nilotica ; SANC 1 ♂; KwaZulu Natal Province, South West Magudu ; 27.3 S, 31.35 E; alt. 480 m; 4 Jan. 2009; P. Schüle leg.; light trap; SANC GoogleMaps 1 ♂; Gauteng Province, Rivonia ; 23 Oct. 1967; M.I. Russell leg.; BMNH 1 ♂; Orange Free State, Hendrik- Verwoeddam, Gariep dam ; 30.40′ S, 25.30′ E; alt. 1300 m; 6 Nov. 1988; E. Colonnelli leg.; MCZ.

ZIMBABWE • 1 ♂; Matopo , Maleme Dam ; 30 Jan. 1963; J. Weir leg.; BMNH .

Redescription

BODY LENGTH. 2.0– 2.1 mm.

COLOUR. Body integument entirely black, shiny; vestiture of elytra consisting of whitish and brownish, recumbent, elliptical scales, twice as long as wide; whitish scales forming two ill-defined, oblique bands from humeri to apical ¾ of elytral suture and a spot on declivital callosities.

HEAD. Rostrum longer than head + prothorax in lateral view, almost straight ( Fig. 4B View Fig ), dorsal face punctate, covered with suberect whitish scales forming four distinct series in basal ¾ and two spots near eyes, apical ⅓ bearing scattered white setae; transverse furrow at base of rostrum shiny, bare of scales; head capsule glabrous; eyes flat, sub-contiguous on ventral side; scape of antennae slightly bisinuate, slightly and regularly widening toward apex, not clavate at apex, segment 1 of funicle elongate, longer than 2 + 3, 2 square, 3–7 wider than long.

PROTHORAX. Isodiametric (ratio w/l: 1), widest near middle of length, sides moderately rounded, not greatly narrowed at apex; integument punctuate and granulous, punctures forming weak concentric circles in basal ½; scales whitish and brownish, elongate, mostly condensed along the median line and on the sides.

ELYTRA. Sides subparallel in basal ¾ of length, rounded in apical ⅓, widest near middle of length (ratio w/l: 0.70); humeri raised; striae narrow, interstriae flat, wide, 4× as wide as striae, integument shiny, slightly reticulate, apex of interstria 5 with a very slight declivital callosity; scutellum small, bare of scales.

ABDOMEN. Underside mostly covered with non-overlapping greyish scales, not condensed on metanepisterna.

LEGS. Covered with whitish, semi-erect, elongate scales; femora clavate, armed with a tiny ventral tooth, usually concealed with scales; tibiae straight on external side, slightly bisinuate ventrally; claws equal in

length. Genitalia. Body of penis elongate (ratio w/l: 0.33), 1.3 × as long as apodemes, sides sub-parallel, broadly rounded at apex, curvature in lateral view moderate and regular, tapering at apex ( Fig. 5I View Fig ).

Sexual dimorphism

Females are distinguished from males by their rostrum, which is slightly longer, and covered with scales only in basal ¼ (in basal ⅓ in males).

Life history

All recently collected specimens of this species were found on dodders ( Cuscuta spp.) including the introduced weed Cuscuta campestris Yunck, 1932 ( Fig. 6 View Fig A–B). Labels indicate that this species might be collected with light traps (UV light). Adults were collected from October to March.

Distribution

Smicronyx fallax is widely distributed in the subtropical and desert areas of southern Africa. It has been recorded from Namibia to Zimbabwe, and in the Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Orange provinces of the Republic of South Africa.

Remarks

The type specimen of S. fallax was deposited by Gyllenhal in the collection of Ecklon & Zeyer ( Gyllenhal 1836), currently lost. In the absence of further information about this type, and in order to stabilize the taxonomy in this genus, a neotype was designated based on the description of this species. Gyllenhal described S. fallax as a species very closely related to the Palaearctic taxon S. jungermanniae Reich, 1797 . This description corresponded very well to the specimens used to re-describe this species, both regarding external and internal morphology. In addition, COI sequences obtained from these specimens (JHAR01630_0101-1694_0101 [GB accession: MT370316 View Materials -17]) showed that they are closest to S. jungermanniae out of all the species of Smicronyx for which a barcode sequence is available (uncorrected p-distance of 7.0%). The neotype (here designated) was designated for a male specimen from a population from the western side of KwaZulu-Natal Province in the Republic of South Africa, which is close to the original type locality of S. fallax (“Caffraria”, probably corresponding to the Eastern Cape Province). Three male and nine unsexed specimens stored in ethanol from this series were deposited in the institutions CBGP, SAMC and SANC.

SAMC

South Africa, Cape Town, Iziko Museum of Capetown (formerly South African Museum)

SANC

South Africa, Pretoria, South African National Collection of Insects

MCN

Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Museu de Ciencias Naturais da Fundacao Zoo-Botanica do Rio Grande do Sul

TMSA

South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Transvaal Museum

BMNH

United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]

MCZ

USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology

NHRS

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections

SAMC

Iziko Museums of Cape Town

SANC

Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute

TMSA

Transvaal Museum

MCZ

Museum of Comparative Zoology

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Curculionidae

Genus

Smicronyx

Loc

Smicronyx fallax (Gyllenhal, 1863)

Haran, Julien M. 2021
2021
Loc

Micronyx fallax

Gyllenhal L. 1836: 427
1836
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