Apis sp. Gerlach, 1989: 257

ENGEL, MICHAEL S., 2001, A Monograph Of The Baltic Amber Bees And Evolution Of The Apoidea (Hymenoptera), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (259), pp. 1-1 : 1-

Apis sp. Gerlach, 1989: 257 . [misidentification]

DIAGNOSIS: This species is most similar to E. martialis in that both are relatively small by comparison to E. meliponoides and E.

tornquisti and both have pterostigmas that are longer than wide while lacking distinctive setal patches on their labra. From E. martialis , however, the new species differs by the absence of dense bands of plumose setae on the apical margins of T2–5, by the shortened first abscissa of M in the hind wing, and by the confluence of 2rs­m and 2m­cu in the forewing.

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 9.30 mm; forewing length 6.40 mm. Head apparently wider than long (direct, frontal view of head not possible). Mandibular grooves weakened, those present appear to be (from upper to lower margin) acetabular groove, outer upper groove, and outer lower groove. Intertegular distance 2.15 mm. Basal vein basad cu­a by vein width, straight; second abscissa Rs relatively straight; 1rs­m distad 1m­cu by six times vein width; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by vein width; first submarginal cell shorter than combined lengths of second and third submarginal cells; posterior border of second submarginal cell 1.25 times length of anterior border; posterior border of third submarginal cell nearly twice as long as anterior border, anterior border approximately equal to anterior border of second submarginal cell; pterostigma longer than wide, margin inside marginal cell slightly convex; marginal cell bending away from wing apex by slightly less than pterostigma width, feebly appendiculate; hind wing with 13 distal hamuli arranged in a single, evenly spaced series; first abscissa M slightly less than twice as long as rs­m.

Mandibular integument smooth except appearing minutely granular within weakened mandibular grooves. Labrum minutely granular. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with coarse, faint punctures separated by two times a puncture width or more, integument between smooth. Face, vertex, gena, and postgena smooth and impunctate. Mesosoma smooth and impunctate except ventrally on mesepisternum; posteriorly and laterally on mesoscutum and scutellum faint punctures separated by a puncture width or less. Metasomal terga and sterna finely imbricate and impunctate.

Color apparently dark brown, without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins dark brown.

Pubescence silvery except those setae of vertex, tarsi, and apical terga slightly fuscous. Mandible with a few, very short, widely scattered, simple setae except lower margin with long, simple, scattered setae. Labrum with scattered, erect, short, simple setae. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with scattered, moderate­length, simple setae, such setae more numerous on face and some with a few, minute branches, those setae of face partially obscuring integument. Setae on vertex quite long, slightly fuscous, and with more minute branches than those setae of face. Scape with minute, simple, scattered, appressed setae. Postgena with scattered, long, erect, simple setae. Mesoscutum with dense, long, erect, plumose setae partially obscuring integument. Tegula with short, appressed, simple setae scattered on surface except anteriorly setae longer and with a few minute branches. Scutellar setae very long (at least 1.5 times length of those on mesoscutum, most setae as long as or longer than scutellum itself) and plumose; setae entirely obscure view of metanotum and propodeum. Pleural pubescence long, dense, and either simple or minutely plumose. Setae of legs long, numerous and stiff on tibiae and tarsi; dense tuft of very long, sinuous, simple setae on ventral surface of mesotrochanter, setae of tuft directed posteriorly; corbicula with long setae along lateral margins; stiff scattered setae on outer metabasitarsus and stiff comb rows on inner surface. Metasomal terga with sparse, minute, simple, appressed setae, terga without apical setal bands; sterna with scattered, short, erect, simple setae.

MATERIAL: Four specimens. Holotype. Female, worker caste, II1926 ( BMNH) labeled: ‘‘ II1926 (1)’’ // ‘‘ Bombus ?, Baltic amber’’// ‘‘ Electrapis ’’ // ‘‘ Holotype, Electrapis krishnorum Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, worker caste, 5589 ( ZMPA) labeled: ‘‘Muzeum Ziemi w Warszawie, 5589 (in two pieces), Apidae in Baltic Amber, Gerlach 1989: Apis L., Electrapis : det. Engel, Golarisk­Stogi, coll. T. Gierewicz, 1972’’ // ‘‘Baltic Amber, Eocene, 5589, Muzeum Ziemi Pan, M. S. Engel study’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Electrapis krishnorum Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, worker caste, Nr. 25 (CSUL) labeled: ‘‘ Paratype, Electrapis krishnorum Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, worker caste, Nr. 71 (CJDL) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 71’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Electrapis krishnorum Engel’’.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a patronymic honoring my dear friends and colleagues Drs. Kumar and Valerie Krishna, world’s authorities on termites and medieval literature, respectively.

Electrapis tornquisti Cockerell

Electrapis tornquisti Cockerell, 1908b: 326 . Cockerell, 1909c: 23. Zeuner and Manning, 1976: 231.

Electrapis hermenaui Bischoff In Kelner­Pillault, 1974: 624 . Nomen nudum [= Electrapis bombusoides Kelner­Pillault, 1974 ].

Electrapis cockerelli Bischoff In Kelner­Pillault, 1974: 624 . Nomen nudum [= Electrapis bombusoides Kelner­Pillault, 1974 ].

Electrapis cokerelli Kelner­Pillault, 1974: 624 . Lapsus calami .

Electrapis bombusoides Kelner­Pillault, 1974: 625 . NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: Electrapis tornquisti , like E. meliponoides , is a larger species than E. martialis and E. krishnorum . The species can be distinguished from E. meliponoides by the longer pterostigma and the presence of medioapical patches of elongate setae on the labrum.

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 15.16 mm; forewing length 9.17 mm. Head longer than wide (length 4.41 mm, width 3.91 mm). Upper interorbital distance 2.72 mm; lower interorbital distance 2.09 mm. Basal vein basad cu­a by three times vein width, straight; second abscissa Rs relatively straight; 1rs­m distad 1m­cu by seven times vein width; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by two times vein width; first submarginal cell shorter than combined lengths of second and third submarginal cells; posterior border of second submarginal cell 1.5 times length of anterior border; posterior border of third submarginal cell twice as long as anterior border, anterior border slightly less than length of anterior border of second submarginal cell; pterostigma longer than wide, margin inside marginal cell slightly concave; marginal cell bending away from wing apex by pterostigmal width, feebly appendiculate; hind wing with 17 distal hamuli arranged in a single, evenly spaced series; first abscissa M four times longer than rs­m.

Mandibular integument smooth except appearing minutely granular within weakened mandibular grooves. Labrum minutely granular. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with coarse, faint punctures separated by two times a puncture width or more, integument between smooth. Face, vertex, gena, and postgena finely imbricate and impunctate. Mesosoma finely imbricate and impunctate except some sparse, faint punctures on mesoscutum and scutellum. Metasomal terga and sterna finely imbricate; terga impunctate; S1–2 apparently impunctate, S3–5 minutely punctured on apical thirds, S6 minutely punctured on apical half, punctures on all sterna separated by 1–3 times a puncture width.

Color, where evident, dark brown without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins black.

Pubescence white except those setae of protibia and tarsi black. Mandible with a few, very short, widely scattered, simple setae except lower margin with long, simple, scattered setae. Labrum with scattered, erect, short, simple setae and apical margin with mediolateral patches of elongate, simple setae. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with scattered, moderate­length, simple setae, setae more numerous on face and minutely plumose. Setae on vertex quite long, white (not fuscous as in E. krishnorum ), and minutely plumose. Mesoscutum with dense, long, erect, plumose setae partially obscuring integument. Scutellar setae very long, dense, and plumose. Pleural pubescence long, dense, and minutely plumose. Setae of legs long, numerous, and stiff on tibiae and tarsi; inner surface of metafemur covered by keirotrichiae except medially this field narrows slightly; corbicula with long setae along lateral margins, inner surface of metatibia entirely covered by keirotrichiae; stiff scattered setae laterally on metabasitarsus, outer surface with sparse, simple setae, inner surface with comb rows. Metasomal terga with scattered, simple or minutely plumose setae, apical margins of terga with dense bands of short, plumose setae; sterna with scattered, erect, simple setae.

MATERIAL: Three specimens. Neotype ( tornquisti ; here designated). Female, worker caste, MB. I.1947 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘ Neotype, Electrapis tornquisti Cockerell , desig. M. S. Engel [red label]’’. This is also the holotype specimen of E. bombusoides and bears additional labels reading: ‘‘ Electrapis bombusoides n. sp., Holotype, S. Kelner­Pillault’’ // ‘‘Paläont. Mus. Berlin, coll. Kühl [actually from the Berendt collection]’’ // ’’ Electrapis hermanaui, Bisch. , Paratypus, 1930’’ // ‘‘ Elektrapis [sic] hermanaui , 20’’ / / ‘‘Holotyp [sic], Paläontologisches Museum Berlin, Electrapis bombusoides Kelner­Pillault, 1974 , slg. Berendt’’.

Holotype ( bombusoides ). Same specimen as neotype of E. tornquisti (above).

Paratype ( bombusoides ). Female, worker caste, MB. I.1948 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘27’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Electrapis bombusoides ’’ // ‘‘MB. I.1948 ’’ // ‘‘Paratyp [sic], Paläontologisches Museum Berlin, Electrapis bombusoides Kelner­Pillault, 1974 ’’.

Non­type. Female, worker caste ( IMGP) labeled: ‘‘ Electrapis bombusoides n. sp., det. S. Kelner­Pillault [in Kelner­Pillault’s handwriting]’’ // ‘‘ Electrapis cockerelli Bisch. , Paratype, 1930’’ // ‘‘ Electrapis cockerelli Bisch. , Paratypus, 1930’’ // ‘‘27 Electrapis Cockerelli [sic] Bisch., Chalcobombus? humilis Cockerell , Electrapis bombusoides S. Kelner P. ’’ // ‘‘60–21, Electrapis bombuscoides [sic] n. sp., Kelner­Pillault, Geologisch­ Paläontologisches Institut Göttingen’’ // ‘‘ Chalcobombus humilis Cock. [stricken through], Electrapis Cockerelli [sic] Bisch.’’. This specimen is very poorly preserved and is only tentatively placed in E. tornquisti .

COMMENTS: At first notice the specimen from Göttingen labeled as C. humilis and then as E. cockerelli might be considered as the missing type of C. humilis and simply misinterpreted by Bischoff and Kelner­Pillault as Electrapis . However, Chalcobombus was defined as having a quadrangular metabasitarsus (among other features) and this is not the case with the fossil (the metabasitarsus being twice as long as broad; typical of Electrapis ). I therefore concur with Bischoff and Kelner­Pillault that this cannot be Cockerell’s missing type (a neotype for C. humilis is designated below). Moreover, the labels reading Chalcobombus are all in Bischoff’s handwriting; none are in Cockerell’s distinctive script.

Bischoff had originally intended to produce a paper on this material and to summarize the then known bees in Baltic amber under the title ‘‘Apiden des Bernsteins’’ (to have appeared in the 1939 volume of Bernstein Forschungen); however, this paper was never published. Kelner­Pillault subsequently borrowed this material from Berlin and prepared a description of Bischoff’s specimens. At that time she mentioned the unpublished species names with which Bischoff had labeled the specimens (i.e., E. hermenaui , E. cockerelli ). Under Recommendation 50C (ICZN, 1999b) authorship of these unavailable names should be attributed to Bischoff in Kelner­Pillault.

In Kelner­Pillault’s (1974) illustration of the hind wing of the holotype female of E. bombusoides she omitted the jugal lobe and the wing drawing therefore strongly resembles that of a true bombine. The holotype specimen clearly has a jugal lobe present at the base of the hind wing; this structure is even more apparent in the specimen she chose as a paratype.

Electrapis meliponoides (Buttel­Reepen) Figure 68 Plate 6c

Figures

Fig. 68. Forewing of neotype female of Electrapis meliponoides (Buttel­Reepen). Scale bar = 1 mm.