Trogolaphysa nigrocephala, Cipola & Morais & Bellini, 2022

Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2022, Survey of Trogolaphysa Mills (Collembola, Paronellidae) of the Brazilian Amazon including five new species and the description of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the first instar, Zootaxa 5093 (3), pp. 251-295 : 260-266

Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov. Cipola

Figs 7–12 , Table 2

Diagnosis. Head dark blue ( Fig. 8 ); Ant IV weakly annulated; Ant III devoid of mac and elongated sens. Ant II with 3 dorsal and 2 ventral mac, without elongated sens ( Fig. 9B ); Ant I with 1 dorsal mac ( Fig. 9B ); head mac A0, A2, M4, S5 and Pa5 present ( Fig. 9D ); prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral papillae absent; labial papilla E with l.p. conical and reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 9C ); basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1–2, E and L1–2 ciliate, r reduced; postlabial X chaeta absent ( Fig. 9E ); Th II–Abd IV with 1+2–3, 0 | 0, 1+1, 1+3 and 4+10 mac, respectively; Abd IV with 14 sens ( Fig. 10 ); femur I–II with 5 inner mac and femur III with an inner row of 5 unmodified mac ( Figs 11E–F ); unguis I–III b.t. slightly larger than m.t., b.t. and m.t. far apart, a.t. present; unguiculus I–III lamellae smooth and acuminate (as Fig. 5G ); mucro with 4 teeth ( Fig. 12E ).

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of the specimens 1.37–1.71 (n=4), holotype 1.69 mm. Specimens pale white to yellowish with dark blue pigment on Ant III–IV and head; eyepatches black ( Fig. 8 ). Scales present on Ant I to proximal ⅓ of Ant II, and Ant III base.

Head. Antennae shorter than the trunk length ( Fig. 8 ); ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 1.21–1.69 (n=4), holotype 1: 1.23; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.36–1.53: 1.19–1.45: 1.52–2.23, holotype 1: 1.53: 1.38: 2.23. Ant IV weakly annulated on distal two thirds, with at least 4 sens types, 2 subapical finger-shaped, 3 elongated thin sens, and numerous pointed or weakly pointed, no apical bulb or subapical organite ( Fig. 9A ). Ant III organ unclear; mac and elongated sens absent on both sides. Ant II dorsally with 3 mac on a transversal row and 2 ventral mac, no elongated thin sens ( Fig. 9B ). Ant I dorsally with 1 median mac and 3 smooth mic at base ( Fig. 9B ). Prelabral chaetae ciliate; labral a1 chaeta not thicker, a and m chaetae subequals in length, p0–2 longer; labral papillae absent. Eyes G and H clearly smallest, C and F smaller than the others; 6‘IO’ chaetae; head dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 12–13 ‘An’ (An1a–3p), 2 ‘A’ (A0, A2), 1 ‘M’ (M4), 1 ‘S’ (S5), and 1 ‘Pa’ (Pa5) mac ( Fig. 9D ). Labial papilla E with l.p. conical and reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 9C ); papilla H with 2 hypostomal appendix smooth and acuminate. Maxillary palp with b.c. 1.13 larger than t.a. Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1–2, E and L1–2 ciliate, r reduced on a club-shaped basis (as in Fig. 3E ). Head ventrally with about 21–22 chaetae, 13–14 larger, acuminate and finely ciliate, and 7 smaller and ciliate, none modified; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 0 (X) 4 (H1–4), 3 (J1–3) chaetae, proximal region of cephalic groove with 1 elongated acuminate chaeta, 4–5 chaetae on a transversal row respectively near to b.c. plus 1 mic laterally ( Fig. 9E ).

Thorax dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 10A–E ). Th II a and p series with 1 (a5) and 2–3 mac in p3 complex, respectively; m series with 5 mic (m1–2, m4 plus 2 others of unclear homology). Th III a, m and p series with 2 (a1–2), 1 (m6) and 4 (p1–3, p6) mic respectively, except for m6 as mes. Ratio Th II: III = 1.33–1.13: 1 (n= 4), holotype 1.33: 1.

Abdomen dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 10F–G ). Abd I a, m and p series with 1 (a2), 4 (m2–4, m6) and 1 (p6) mic, respectively, mic a6 absent. Abd II a, m and p series with 2 (a2–3), 3 (m3, m5, m7) and 2 (p6–7) chaetae, respectively, m3 and m5 as mac. Abd III a, m and p series with 4 (a1?–3, a7), 5 (m3, am6, pm6, m7–7i) and 3 (p6–7) chaetae, respectively; m3, am6, pm6 and p6 as mac; m2 bothriotrichum with 2 accessory chaetae plus 1 of unclear homology, and a5 and m5 bothriotricha with 9 accessory chaetae between them. Abd IV with 4 medial mac on series A–C (A3, A5, B4–5) and 10 lateral mac on series T–Fe (D3, E2–4, F1–2, Fe2–3 and 2 of unclear homologies); about 14 sens (as and ps type I, and 12 medial type II), and 9 posterior mes present. Abd V a, m, pa and p series with 3 (a5–6a), 4 (m2–3, m5–5a), 2 (p5a, p6ae) and 5 mac (p1, p3–6) mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 4.14–7.75 (n= 4), holotype 1: 7.75.

Legs. Subcoxa I with one row of 2 chaetae; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 11 chaetae; posterior row of 8 chaetae and 3 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 11 chaetae and at least 3 anterior chaetae ( Figs 11A–C ). Trochanteral organ with about 33 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 11D ). Femur I–III with one outer longitudinal row of 2, 1, 2, 2 mac finely ciliate and apically acuminate ( Figs 11E–F ); femur I–II internally with 5 chaetae apically acuminate and finely ciliate, 1 anterior, 2 inner and 2 posterior ones ( Fig. 11E ); femur III with an inner row of 5 unmodified mac ciliate and acuminate and 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate; anterior side with an 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate ( Fig. 11F ). Tibiotarsus I–III with 9 inner and 1 anterior mac finely ciliate ( Fig. 11E ); tibiotarsal smooth chaeta 0.93 smaller than the unguiculus, tenent hair 0.89 smaller than the unguis outer edge. Unguis I–III with 4 inner teeth, b.t. subequal, larger than m.t. and slightly more proximal than half of unguis, m.t. on distal ⅓, a.t. minute and on distal ⅙. Unguiculus I–III with all lamellae smooth and acuminate (as in Fig 17H–I ); ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.52.

Collophore ( Fig. 12A ). Anterior side with 21 chaetae finely ciliate, 18 thin chaetae of different sizes and widely distributed on tube and 2–3 distal mac; posterior side with about 54 ciliate chaetae, 1 larger median mac, 3 elongated chaetae, 21 mes (1 unpaired) and 27 thin mic (1 unpaired) widely distributed, distally 2 ciliate chaetae, no smooth chaetae; lateral flap with about 12 chaetae, 7 smooth and 5 ciliate.

Furcula. Manubrium laterally with one row of 13–17 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 15 and 16); ventrally with 4 subapical and 6–7 elongated scales, internally with 3 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 12B ); manubrial plate dorsally with 4–5 ciliated chaetae (2 inner larger than the internal ones) and 3 psp, outer chaeta present or absent ( Fig. 12C ). Dens dorsally with an inner row of 25–29 spines subtly ciliated (holotype with 26 and 28) and an outer row of 16–19 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 17) ( Fig. 12D ). Mucro twice as long as its width and with 4 teeth, 3 (ap, v1, v2) in one dorsal row and 1 (il) on the inner side ( Fig. 12E ).

Etymology. Refers to the dark color patter of the head (from Latin: nigrus -black, and from Greek: cephalon – head) of the new species ( Fig. 8 ).

Type material. Holotype female in slide ( INPA-CLL000119 ): Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco municipality, Parque “Zoobotânico” Park of the Federal University of Acre ( UFAC), 09°57’23”S, 67°52’16”W ( Fig. 7 ), 170 m., 14– 19.xii.2012, yellow pan trap, SS Gadelha coll. 18 paratypes: 4 males, 6 females and 1 juvenile on slides and 3 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000119 ) plus 1 male, 1 female and 1 juvenile on slides ( CC / UFRN), same date as holotype.

Remarks. The three species herein described, T. nigrocephala sp. nov., T. nigrolineata sp. nov. and T. pseudomaculata sp. nov., are similar to each other in having Ant IV weakly annulated, 8 eyes per side, head M4 and S5 mac present and A3 and Pm3 absent, outer maxillary lobe with 2 appendages, Th II–III with 2–3 (p3 complex) and 0 mac, respectively, tenent hair capitate, unguis b.t. slightly larger than m.t. and distant from each other, unguis a.t. generally present (rarely absent in T. nigrolineata sp. nov.), unguiculus ai lamella acuminate, and mucro with 4 teeth (see Table 2 ). However, these species differ from each other by color pattern, and whereas T. nigrocephala sp. nov. has pigment restrict to antennae and head, T. nigrolineata sp. nov. is devoid of head pigment, except for the eyepatches, has one longitudinal band from Th II to Abd III and another transversal band on Abd IV, including femur III and tibiotarsus I–III. Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata sp. nov. further lacks extra pigment on head and has a lateral spot on Th II–Abd II to coxa III and another 2 spots almost together on Abd IV ( Figs 8 , 13 , 21 ).

Concerning the antennae, T. nigrocephala sp. nov. differs from the two other new species by having Ant III devoid of mac and elongated sens (2 mac and 14 sens in T. nigrolineata sp. nov., 10 sens in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov.), Ant II with 5 mac and no elongated sens (11 mac and 4 sens in T. nigrolineata sp. nov., 5–6 mac in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov.), and Ant I with 1 dorsal mac (5 in T. nigrolineata sp. nov. and absent in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov.). The head of T. nigrocephala sp. nov. differs by having prelabral chaetae ciliate (smooth in T. nigrolineata sp. nov.), labral papillae absent (2 conical projections in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov.), papilla H with 2 hypostomal appendices smooth and acuminate (1 fringed in T. nigrolineata sp. nov.), and basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M2, E and L1 ciliate (smooth in T. nigrolineata sp. nov.). The femur I–II of T. nigrocephala sp. nov. differ by the presence of 5 inner apically acuminate mac (6 in T. nigrolineata sp. nov, and 9 in T. pseudomaculata sp. nov., 5 acuminate and 4 normal) and femur III with 5 inner mac ciliate and apically pointed (apically rounded in T. nigrolineata sp. nov.).

Finally, the dorsal chaetotaxy of these species differs in that head mac M2 is absent only in T. nigrocephala sp. nov., mac S3 is present only in T. nigrolineata sp. nov., whereas on Abd IV, mac A4 is present and B4 is absent in T. nigrolineata sp. nov. and B6 is absent in T. nigrocephala sp. nov. For more comparisons between these species see Table 2 .

Figures

FIGURE 3A–E. Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis sp. nov.: head; A, apex of left Ant IV (dorsal view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant III–II (dorsal view), respectively; C, labial papillae E (right side), l.p. is lateral process; D, head dorsal chaetotaxy and eyes (left side); E, basomedian and basolateral labial fields and complete postlabial chaetotaxy (right side).

FIGURE 5A–G. Trogolaphysa amazoccidentalensis sp. nov.: legs; A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ; E, chaetotaxy of the femur and tibiotarsus I (anterior view); F, chaetotaxy of the femur III (posterior view); G, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (anterior view).

FIGURE 8. Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov., habitus of a fixed specimen in ethanol (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 9A–E. Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov.: head; A, apex of left Ant IV (dorsal view); B, chaetotaxy of left Ant I–II (dorsal view); C, labial papillae E (right side), l.p. is lateral process; D, head dorsal chaetotaxy and eyes (left side); E, complete postlabial chaetotaxy (right side).

FIGURES 10A–G. Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov.: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II–III; B–E, different patterns of chaetae on Th II p3 complex: B, holotype (both sides), C–E, paratypes (left side); F, Abd I–III; G, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 11A–F. Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov.: legs; A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ; E, chaetotaxy of the femur and tibiotarsus I (posterior view); F, chaetotaxy of the femur III (posterior view).

FIGURE 12A–E. Trogolaphysa nigrocephala sp. nov.: abdominal appendages; A, collophore (lateral view), arrow on anterior side indicates a distal chaeta present as mac or mes; B, distal manubrium (ventral view); C, manubrial plate (dorsal view); D, dens chaetotaxy (dorsal view), arrows show distribution of the inner spines and outer mac-like spines ciliate; E, distal dens and mucro (dorsal view).

FIGURE 13. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov., habitus of a fixed specimen in ethanol (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 17A–I. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: legs; A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ; E, chaetotaxy of the femur I (anterior view); F, chaetotaxy of the femur III (posterior view), proximal arrows indicate inner mac apically rounded present or absent; G, chaetotaxy of the tibiotarsus III (posterior view), arrow indicates mac finely ciliate on anterior side; H, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex I (anterior view); I, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view), arrow indicates minute a.t. present or absent.

FIGURE 21A–C. Trogolaphysa pseudomaculata sp. nov., habitus of fixed specimens inethanol (lateral view); A, adult specimen with typical color pattern; B, adult specimen with vestigial color pattern; C, color pattern in juveniles. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE7.RecordsmapofT.amazoccidentalensissp.nov.(red),T.nigrocephalasp.nov.(yellow),andT.quinquedentomucronata sp. nov. (green); stars represent the type localities and circles the additional localities.