Cymbionotum

Ball, George E. & Shpeley, Danny, 2005, Taxonomic review of the Tribe Melaenini (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with observations on morphological, ecological and chorological evolution, Zootaxa 1099 (1), pp. 1-120 : 1-120

Procoscinia, new subgenus

Type species. Cymbionotum fernandezi , n. sp., (here designated).

Subgeneric name. Based on two Latin terms: the prefix pro, meaning before, implying primitiveness; and Coscinia , the original (but homonymous) name of the genus now recognized as Cymbionotum . Thus, the subgeneric name implies a generalized member of the genus within which it is included.

Recognition. Precinctive in the Neotropical Region of the Western Hemisphere, adults of Procoscinia have the posteriolateral dentiform projections distinctly anteriad the posterior margin of the pronotum. The posterior margin of the pronotum is not beaded, and the proepipleuron (pep) is not visible from a dorsal perspective ( Fig. 14A ; cf. Fig. 14B ). Males have sclerite x of the endophallus about one third length of phallus, and in infolded position near base of phallus ( Fig. 15F , scx).

Descriptive notes. With character states of genus Cymbionotum , restricted as follows. Size and ratios of body parts ( Tables 3–9). Average size (SBL and EW, Tables 3 and 4) for genus intermediate, but broad overlap with schueppelii group, and distinctly smaller than members of basale and semelederi species groups. Pronotum relatively broad, values for PL/PWM ( Table 7) more than 0.90; base broad, values for ratio PWB/PWA ( Table 9) more than 0.65.

Color. Dorsal surface uniformly rufous, or head and pronotum slightly darker than elytra. Appendages: antennae, labrum and mandibles rufous; palpi testaceous; femora, tibiae and tarsi rufotestaceous.

Microsculpture. Dorsal surface with mesh pattern isodiametric, though microlines very fine and in places effaced, or microlines absent; scutellum with mesh pattern evident throughout, more or less isodiametric, sculpticells convex, surface beaded.

Vestiture. Dorsal surface with setation very dense ( Figs. 2A , 3F ), setae of moderate length ( Table 1 and Fig. 2E )

Head. Clypeus: anterior margin medially without a dentiform projection, or distinct swelling.

Antennae. Antennomere 2 pyriform (cf. Fig. 11D ), and relatively longer (about two thirds length of antennomere 3, Table 11); antennomeres 5–10 moderately asymmetrical

(cf. Fig. 11F )

Labrum. Anterior margin distinctly, but broadly concave.

Included taxa. This subgenus includes two species: C. fernandezi , new species, and C. negrei Perrault.

Habitat. The members of Procoscinia occupy the tropical rain forest vegetation zone (Table 17), but may be confined to riparian situations.

Geographical distribution. The range of Procoscinia ( Fig. 16 ) is confined to northern South America.

Relationships and chorological affinities. This subgenus is the putative, primitive adelphotaxon of subgenus Cymbionotum , from which it is widely isolated (by the South Atlantic Ocean) geographically ( Figs. 16 , 18, 20, 21, 23).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Elytra of Cymbionotum species. SEM photographs illustrating setal length. A, left elytron, dorsal aspect, of C. fernandezi, new species. B–F, portions of left elytra, dorsolateral aspect, of: B, C. pictulum Bates; C, C. semelederi Chaudoir; D, C. striatum Reitter, E, C. fernandezi, new species; and F, C. semirubricum Reitter. Scale bars: A = 1.0 mm; B–F = 100 µm.

FIGURE 3. Elytra of Cymbionotum species. SEM photographs of sections of elytral discs in anterior one third, illustrating density of elytral punctation: A, C. striatum Reitter; B, C. semelederi Chaudoir; C, C. schueppelii Dejean; D, C. pictulum Bates; E, C. semirubricum Reitter; and F, C. fernandezi, new species. Scale bars = 100 µm.

FIGURE 11. Heads and antennae of Cymbionotum species illustrated with SEM photographs: A–C, head, dorsal aspect of: A, C. semelederi, Fabricius; B, C. microphthalmum Chaudoir; C, C. helferi Chaudoir. D–G, left antenna of: D, C. semirubricum Reitter (antennomeres 1–3, anterior aspect); E, C. striatum Reitter (antennomeres 1–3 and base of 4); F and G, C. semirubricum and C. striatum, respectively (antennomeres 6 and 7, posterior aspect). Legend: A2, A3, A6 and A7, antennomeres 2, 3, 6 and 7; ct, clypeal tooth; poi, postocular impression. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D–G = 100µm.

FIGURE 14. Pronotum, dorsal aspect, of Cymbionotum species, illustrating subgeneric differences with outline drawings. A, C. (Procoscinia) fernandezi, new species. B, C. (Cymbionotum) semelederi Chaudoir. Legend: pep, proepipleuron. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 15. Structural features of Cymbionotum fernandezi, new species (A–E) and C. negrei Perrault (F) illustrated with line drawings. A, left hind wing, dorsal aspect. B, male genitalia: phallus, left lateral aspect, with endophallus partially everted; C–D left and right paramere; respectively, ventral aspect. E, female genitalia, ventral aspect. F, male genitalia, left lateral aspect. Legend: wing veins and cells­­ AA1+ 2, anal vein 1 + 2; MP3 and MP4, posterior median veins 3 and 4, respectively; o, oblongum cell; RA4, anterior radial vein 4; RP2, posterior radial vein. Male genitalia: eph, endophallus; ph, phallus; x, sclerite x of endophallus. Female genitalia: bc, bursa copulatrix; co, common oviduct; di, spermathecal diverticulum; gc 1 and 2, gonocoxite 1 and 2, respectively; lt, laterotergite of abdominal segment IX; sp, spermatheca; spd, spermathecal duct. Scale bars: A and E = 1.0 mm; and B–D and F, = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16. Geographical range of the species of Cymbionotum (Procoscinia), and of Cymbionotum (s. str.) basale species group illustrated on an outline map of South America and of southwestern Asia, southern Europe and Africa.