Clematoscenea biprocessus, Jie & Liu, 2021

Jie, Lulan & Liu, Xingyue, 2021, A new species of the bark louse genus Clematoscenea (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Xizang, China, Zootaxa 5047 (1), pp. 45-52 : 47-51

Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n.

( Figs 1– 27 )

Diagnosis. The new species is characterized by the forewing marking patterns (a nearly V-shaped brown marking present on basal half in female, but hyaline on corresponding region in male), the abdomen dorsally with a yellow band. The male hypandrium strongly sclerotized on anterior half and bearing spine rows arranged into V-shaped and laterally with two subtrapezoidal processes. Pigmented area of female subgenital plate roughly T-shaped, transverse region with hook-like endings.

Description. Male. Coloration (in 95% ethanol). Head ( Figs 1–3 ) orange; vertex posteromedially with four pale yellow striped or irregular markings; frons orange to reddish brown; postclypeus orange with reddish brown stripes; anteclypeus dark brown except reddish brown base and greyish white distal margin. Ocelli pale, inner ocular margin surrounded by black protuberant crescent, inner ocular region with a reddish brown marking, which extends toward antennal bases in some individuals. Compound eyes dark brown. Antennae brown, except scape, pedicel, and basal half of first flagellomere pale yellow, flagellum with numerous long dark setae. Maxillary palpus greyish.

Thorax ( Figs 1–2 ) reddish brown, but mesothorax with connections between anterior lobe of scutum and lateral lobe of scutum yellow, and with scutoscutellar suture yellow. Legs greyish white, but tibiae yellowish brown, with brown setae, tarsi pale brown. Forewing ( Fig. 4 ) hyaline, veins brown but CuA 2, CuA 1-2, M+CuA 1, distal third of Mm, and radial fork greyish white; forewing base slightly greyish; Rs with a dark brown marking; a greyish brown band present from posterior corner of pterostigma to cell m3, and cell m3 also with some pale orange stain over brown marking; a pale orange band present at anterior two-third of cell r5 except its two ends greyish brown. Hind wing ( Fig. 5 ) hyaline, veins brown. Abdomen reddish brown, pregenital segments dorsomedially with a yellow band, genital segments dark brown.

Morphology. Adult ( Figs 1–5 ): Head ( Fig. 3 ) inverted trapezoidal; compound eyes ovoid. Forewing ( Fig. 4 ) membranous, basal veins with setae; Sc ending free in membrane; Rs and M joined by a short crossvein; radial fork with branches diverging at an angle less than 90°; pterostigma subtriangular with apex rounded; discoidal cell rhomboid-shaped; areola postica with narrow apex; cell m3 narrow, CuA 1 and M 3 straight and parallel with each other. Hindwing ( Fig. 5 ) without marginal setae between R 2+3 and R 4+5. Genitalia ( Figs 6–15 ): Epiproct ( Figs 6–7 ) nearly semicircular, anterolaterally slightly sclerotized, anterior half with setae. Paraproct ( Figs 6–7 ) distally with a spinous projection, which is slightly curved at tip; sensory field with about 48 trichobothria. Hypandrium ( Figs 8–11 ) basally wide, laterally with two subtrapezoidal processes; medially narrowed; anterior half strongly sclerotized, with several strongly sclerotized ridges; distally emarginated, forming a pair of projections, each of which bears a row of densely dentate processes along inner margin; three semicircular processes present at middle of distal incision; a pair of tubercles present laterally on anterior one-third of distal projection; a pair of spine rows present laterally, each arranged into V-shaped. Phallosome ( Figs 12–15 ) posteriorly closed, long pentagonal in frontal view; aedeagus distally with many small tubercles; endophallus bell-shaped; arched in lateral view.

Measurements. CAUPs001001: B: 3.13 mm, BW: 5.68 mm. IO: 0.62 mm, d: 0.26 mm, IO/d: 2.38. f1: 1.59 mm. FWL: 6.93 mm, FWW: 2.52 mm, HWL: 4.75 mm, HWW: 1.54 mm. t1: 0.70 mm, t2: 0.21 mm. CAUPs001002: B: 3.11 mm, BW: 5.73 mm. IO: 0.63 mm, d: 0.25 mm, IO/d: 2.52. f1: 1.68 mm. FWL: 6.98 mm, FWW: 2.50 mm, HWL: 4.71 mm, HWW: 1.52 mm. t1: 0.65 mm, t2: 0.21 mm.

Female. Coloration (in 95% ethanol) ( Figs 16–26 ). Similar to that in male except for forewing with a nearly V-shaped brown marking on basal half, cell m3 pale orange separated with a few brown stains.

Morphology. Adult similar to male except smaller compound eyes. Genitalia ( Figs 21–26 ). Epiproct ( Figs 21, 23 ) subtriangular, distally rounded with setae. Paraproct ( Figs 21, 24 ) triangular, sensory field with about 34 trichobothria. Subgenital plate ( Figs 22, 26 ) with short and distally rounded egg guide, pigmented area slightly sclerotized, roughly T-shaped, distally forked, transverse region of pigmented area laterally broadened, densely setose, with hook-like endings. Gonapophyses ( Figs 22, 25 ): ventral valve slender, scabrous on distal one-third; dorsal valve broad, pointed at tip, with short setae along ventrodistal margin; external valve arched with long setae, with a weakly sclerotized posterior lobe, making this sclerite ovoid as a whole.

Measurements. CAUPs001003: B: 6.60 mm, BW: 3.68 mm. IO: 1.14 mm, d: 0.35 mm, IO/d: 3.26. f1: 1.48 mm. FWL: 5.64 mm, FWW: 2.10 mm, HWL: 3.89 mm, HWW: 1.30 mm. t1: 0.68 mm, t2: 0.24 mm.

Material examined. Holotype male (CAUPs001010), CHINA: Xizang, Mêdog County, Miri (※H村) [29°25'N, 95°24'E], 810 m, 27.VII.2018, Xingyue Liu ( CAU) . Paratypes: 7 males, 2 females (CAUPs001001– CAUPs001009), same as holotype ( CAU) .

Distribution. China (Xizang).

Etymology. The epithet “ biprocessus ” refers to the male hypandrium proximally with a pair of subtrapezoidal processes on lateral margins.

Remarks. The new species is similar to C. newi in having the following similar characters: the forewing with entirely marked cell m3 and cell r5 bearing a band except its basal area; the female subgenital plate with short and distally rounded egg guide; the pigmented area of female subgenital plate slightly sclerotized, roughly T-shaped, distally forked, with transverse region laterally broadened and densely setose ( New 1978). However, the new species can be distinguished from C. newi by the basal veins of forewing with conspicuous setae, the female forewing with a nearly V-shaped brown marking on proximal half, and the transverse region of pigmented area with hook-like endings. However, in C. newi the forewing is glabrous, the female forewing has a brown curving band from distal section of vein A extending over vein Rs, and the transverse region of the pigmented area in female subgenital plate has rounded endings ( New 1978).

The wing patterns in the species of Clematoscenea show some sexual differences ( Smithers & Thornton 1981), which prevents accurate association of conspecific males and females. This sexual dimorphism is also found in the new species herein described. Nevertheless, both sexes of the new species could be associated by the abdomen dorsally with a yellow band. Moreover, all type specimens of the new species were collected from a single population with aggregating individuals on the surface of tree trunk ( Fig. 27 ).

Although the vast area with high elevation in Xizang (Tibet) is considered to be a part of the Palaearctic region, the low elevated regions along the southern edge of the Himalayas have tropical monsoon forests and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests, zoogeographically belonging to the Oriental region ( Zhang 1999). The type locality of C. biprocessus sp. n. is just located within the Oriental part of Xizang .

Figures

FIGURE 27. Live adults of Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n. (photograph by Xingyue Liu).

FIGURES 1–5. Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., 1–3. holotype male (CAUPs001010). 1. Habitus, lateral view; 2. Habitus, dorsal view; 3. Head, frontal view; 4–5. paratype male (CAUPs001001). 4. Forewing; 5. Hindwing. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 6–11. Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., paratype male (CAUPs001001). 6–7. Epiproct and paraproct, dorsal view; 8–9. Hypandrium, ventral view; 10–11. Hypandrium, lateral view. ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct, hy: hypandrium. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 12–15. Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., paratype male (CAUPs001001). 12–13. Phallosome, ventral view; 14–15. Phallosome, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 16–20. Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., paratype female (CAUPs001003). 16. Habitus, lateral view; 17. Habitus, dorsal view; 18. Head, frontal view; 19. Forewing; 20. Hind wing. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 21–26. Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., paratype female (CAUPs001003). 21. Genitalia, dorsal view; 22. Genitalia, ventral view; 23. Epiproct, dorsal view; 24. Paraproct, lateral view; 25. Gonapophyses, ventral view; 26. Subgenital plate, ventral view. sp: subgenital plate; ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct; vv: ventral valve; dv: dorsal valve; ev: external valve. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.