Patania crepuscularia Matsui & Naka, 2023

Matsui, Yuki & Naka, Hideshi, 2023, Description and phylogenetic placement of a new species of Patania (Lepidoptera Crambidae: Spilomelinae) resembling P. harutai (Inoue, 1955), Zootaxa 5311 (2), pp. 267-280 : 270-273

Patania crepuscularia Matsui & Naka , sp. nov.

[Japanese name: Hakuunboku-nomeiga]

( Fig. 2A, 2B , 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D , 4A , 5A )

Phostria harutai Inoue, 1955: 21 , fig. 5.

Patania harutai: Lee et al. 2022: 410–411 , figs. 1a, 1b, 3–4, 7, 9.

Type materials. Holotype: ♂, [ Japan] Azô, Tottori City, Tottori Pref., N35.39, E134.06, alt. 750 m, emerged on 13 Oct. 2020 (F 1 reared by Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ), Y. Matsui leg., preserved in NSMT. Paratypes: 1♂, Hirugano-kôgen, Gujô City , Gifu Pref., 8 Aug. 2014, H. Naka leg., gen. slide no. YM059 .; 1♂ 2♀, Ueyama-kôgen, Kami Town , Hyôgo Pref., 5 Jul. 2019 (larvae collected from S. obassia ), emerged on 17 Jul. to 1 Aug. 2019, Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM058 (♂), YM064 (♀).; 2♀, Hirodomeno, Wakasa Town , Tottori Pref., 19 Aug. 2020, Y. Matsui leg.; 1♀, Mt. Hyônosen, Wakasa Town, Tottori Pref., 12 Sep. 2021, Y. Matsui leg.; 1♂, Sourokubara, Tottori City , Tottori Pref., 6 May 2018 (larva collected from S. obassia ), emerged on 21 May 2018, Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM060 .; 1♀, Mt. Reiseki-zan, Tottori City , Tottori Pref., 28 Jun. 2019, Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM062 .; 1♀, Tatsumi-tôge, Tottori City , Tottori Pref., 2 Jul. 2019 (larva collected from S. obassia ), emerged on 20 Jul. 2019, Y. Matsui leg.; same locality as holotype, 1♂, 12 Sep. 2017, Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM063 .; 1♂, ditto, 19 Jul. 2020, Y. Matsui leg.; 2♂ 3♀, ditto, emerged on 11 and 31 Oct. 2020 (F 1 reared by S. japonicus , same strain as holotype), 25 and 26 Dec. 2020 (F 2), Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM427 (♂), YM428 (♀); 1♂, Oda, Înan Town , Shimane Pref., 19 Jul. 2008, Y. Matsui leg., gen. slide no. YM061 .

A paratype of Phostria harutai : 1♂, Takao-san, Tokyo To , 30 July 1949, H. Inoue leg., NHMUK .

Other material examined. 1♂, Soma Spa, Moriyoshi Town , Akita Pref., 25 Aug. 1981, A. Sasaki leg., NSMT; 2♀ , Aizu-Tajima, Tajima Town , Fukushima Pref., 19 Aug. 1996, U. Jinbo leg., NSMT; 1♀ , Tanigawa Spa , Gunma Pref., 25 Aug. 1962, T. Ebato leg., NSMT ; 1♂, Nippara, Tokyo To , 8 Aug. 1961, T. Ebato leg., NSMT; 1♀ , Nippara, Okutama Town, Tokyo To , 2 Aug. 1976, Y. Kishida leg., NSMT; 1♀ , Sagashio, Daibosatsu , Yamanashi Pref., 6 Aug. 1996, Y. Kishida leg., NSMT; 1♀ , Yamazumi, Iwata gun, Shizuoka Pref., 2 Aug. 1970, S. Ohta leg., NSMT .

Description. Adult ( Fig. 2A, 2B ). Forewing length 16.0–19.0 mm (n = 7). Head. Frons pale ocherous scaled, rounded. Vertex with pale ocherous erected setae. Labial palpus slightly upturned, brownish ocherous, 1st segment and base of 2nd segment white. Antenna brown, flagellum filiform with golden cilia.

Thorax and abdomen. Patagium and tegula brownish ocherous. Abdomen pale ocherous dorsally, milky white ventrally. Legs milky white, distal half and base of foretarsus dark brown. Venulae secundae of tympanal organ converged, posterior half paralleled, with X-shaped sclerotization medially ( Fig. 3A ). Male eighth tergite wide longitudinal strip with two linear sclerotizations on each side posteriorly ( Fig. 3B ). Male eighth sternite wide longitudinal strip, concave at anterior margin medially ( Fig. 3B ). Hair pencils dark brown, ca 1.5 times in length of genitalia, attached to vinculum ( Fig. 3C, 3D ).

Wings. Forewing ground color brownish ocherous, submarginal area and costa dark brown; antemedial line dark brown, excurved; antemedial spot dark brown, small and rounded; discoidal spot dark brown, kidney-shaped; distance between antemedial spot and discoidal spot to the forewing length (DAD/FL) = 0.07–0.09 (mean 0.08 ± 0.01, n = 11); postmedial line dark brown, slightly incurved from costa to vein M 2, strongly protruded and slightly serrated between veins M 2 and CuA 2, running along with CuA 2 to inside, then vertical to dorsum. Hindwing ground color brownish ocherous, submarginal area dark brown; discoidal spot dark brown, wedge-shaped; postmedial line dark brown, strongly protruded between veins M 2 and CuA 2, thinned and blurred near dorsum. Cilia of both wings dark brown, darkened basally.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 4A ). Uncus wide, both sides almost parallel, posterior margin protrudes weakly medially. Anal tube ca 0.6 times in length of valva. Tegumen broad, both sides almost parallel, slightly concave at connection to uncus. Gnathos originates from the tegumen-uncus connection, transverse band-like, with short and narrow median process connecting subscaphium. Transtilla triangular, broadly connected medially, apex truncate. Valva leaf-like, apex slightly pointed; fibula thick, strongly curved apically. Juxta rhomboidal, rounded ventrally. Saccus membranous, bulb-shaped. Phallus cylindrical, length ca 7.5 times of width; vesica with indistinct fold-like cornuti.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 5A ). Papillae anales ovate, setose. Apophysis anterioris ca. 1.5 times length of posterior apophysis, with triangular expansion near base. Antrum slightly narrowed anteriorly, two linear sclerotizations on both sides anteriorly. Ductus bursae almost equal in length to corpus bursae, wrinkled. Corpus bursae ovate, membranous; signum elongated, ca 0.3 times in length to corpus bursae, one side pointed medially.

Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to Patania harutai , but can be distinguished by the following wing characters: forewing length usually smaller; postmedial line of both wings rather thick, blurred, and less serrate; distance between antemedial spot and discoidal spot on the forewing narrower (DAD/FL = 0.07–0.9, mean 0.08 ± 0.01); outer margin of both wings slightly rounded; ground color of both wings usually darker. The two species can be easily distinguished by the following genitalia characters: in the male genitalia, posterior margin of uncus protrudes medially; apex of valva slightly pointed; fibula thick and strongly curved distally; posterior margin of transtilla angled at median connection, apex of transtilla expanded and truncate; narrow and short median process of gnathos present; cornuti indistinct; in the female genitalia, ductus bursae shorter (almost equal in length to the corpus bursae), not swollen on basal half; corpus bursae ovate; signum smaller (ca 0.3 times of corpus bursae), one side pointed medially.

Host plants. Styrax obassia ( Heo 2012; Matsui and Naka 2021), S. japonicus (laboratory-reared: Matsui and Naka 2021) ( Styracaceae ).

Distribution. Japan (Honshu), Korea.

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the brownish ocherous color of the wings.

Remarks. Lee et al. (2022) noted it is unclear whether P. crepuscularia (sic P. harutai ) feeds on Aesculus turbinata Blume and/or Acer spp. , because it is found only in Styrax obassia . In light of the results of Matsui and Naka (2021) and Lee et al. (2022), there is no doubt that P. crepuscularia exclusively uses Styracaceae , and P. harutai exclusively uses Sapindaceae . In fact, we fed A. turbinata to the hatched larvae of P. crepuscularia in the laboratory rearing, but they did not feed on this plant species (data not shown).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Adults of two Patania species dorsal view. A: P. crepuscularia sp. nov. holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: P. harutai male. D: ditto, female. Scale bars = 10.0 mm. Cited and modified from Matsui and Naka (2021).

FIGURE 3. Tympanal organ, eighth abdominal segment, and hairpencil of P. crepuscularia sp. nov. A: tympanal organ with venulae secundae, B: eighth abdominal segment (gen. slide no. YM482). C: hairpencil dorsal view, D: ditto, lateral view (gen. slide no. YM427). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of two Patania species. A: P. crepuscularia sp. nov. (gen. slide no. YM482), B: P. harutai (gen. slide no. YM483). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of two Patania species. A: P. crepuscularia sp. nov. (gen. slide no. YM428), B: P. harutai (gen. slide no. YM066). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.