Entomobrya kali Imms, 1912

Zhang, Guo-Qiang, Zhao, Yu-Xin & Zhang, Feng, 2023, Revisiting the type species of the genus Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae), ZooKeys 1176, pp. 1-11 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.109104
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A15FDB5A-3A69-4FF2-A6D5-BD49D357FFE4
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scientific name	Entomobrya kali Imms, 1912
status

Treatment

Figs 1-2 View Figures 1, 2 , 3-14 View Figures 3–14 , 15-19 View Figures 15–19 , 20-22 View Figures 20–22

Type locality.

Buitenzorg, Bogor, Java Province, Indonesia.

Materials examined.

Indonesia • 2 adult females, subadult and 3 juveniles on slide, and four in alcohol; South Sulawesi Province, Kabupaten Bone, Watampone, near Lampo spring; 17 Jul. 1986; Anne Bedos leg.; in litter; sample # Indo-166; four specimens on slide deposited in NJAU and others in MNHN . Indonesia • 1 in alcohol; Jawa Timur; 2 Jul. 2001; Villemant & Daugeron leg.; sample # 03255D01_ JAVA 05CV03; deposited in MNHN . China • 2 females on slide and 3 in alcohol; Yunnan Province; 26.643°N, 98.905°E; 1,149 m a.s.l.; 11 Oct. 2014; C-Y Qin leg.; in litter; sample # 14YN2 GoogleMaps . China • 5 in alcohol; Yunnan Province; 27.007°N, 98.869°E; 1,199 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 2014; C-Y Qin leg.; sample # 14YN3. All Chinese material deposited in NJAU GoogleMaps .

Redescription.

Body length up to 2.38 mm. Ground colour pale yellow or pale. Antenna gradually darker towards tip. Eye patches dark blue. Th. II with lateral strips and a small patch on the postero-middle part. Th. III with very pale lateral strips. Coxae and femora weakly pigmented. Two transverse dark bands on Abd. II and III. Posterior half of Abd. IV pigmented (Figs 1 View Figures 1, 2 , 2 View Figures 1, 2 ).

Antenna 2.5-3.0 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.2-1.3: 1.2-1.3: 1.6-1.9. Smooth straight mic at antennal base three dorsal and three ventral on Ant. I, one external, one internal and one ventral on Ant. II and absent on Ant. III and IV. Ant. III organ with two rod-like sensilla (Fig. 3 View Figures 3–14 ). Ant IV with apical bulb bilobed (Fig. 4 View Figures 3–14 ).

Eyes 8+8. Labral papillae absent. Labral intrusion deeply V-shaped. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; prelabral chaetae and chaetae of the first row longer than others (Fig. 5 View Figures 3–14 ). Mandibles with 4+5 teeth (Fig. 6 View Figures 3–14 ). Five labial papillae A-E with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard chaetae, respectively; lateral process of labial palp thinner than normal chaetae, with tip not reaching apex of papilla E (Fig. 7 View Figures 3–14 ). Subapical seta of maxillary outer lobe subequal to the apical one; four smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe and the lateral one much smaller than others (Fig. 8 View Figures 3–14 ). Labial base as MReL1L2; chaeta e smooth; proximal area with five smooth chaetae (Fig. 9 View Figures 3–14 ); modified (leaf-like) chaetae absent on the ventral side. Cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy with four antennal (An), four anterior (A), four medio-ocular (M), and eight sutural (S) chaetae (Fig. 10 View Figures 3–14 ).

Coxal macrochaetal formula as 3/4+1, 3/4+2. Trochanteral organ with 31-35 smooth, spine-like chaetae (Fig. 11 View Figures 3–14 ). Unguis with four inner and two lateral teeth; distal inner tooth extremely tiny. Unguiculus acuminate with outer edge smooth. Tenent hair clavate, subequal to unguis (Fig. 12 View Figures 3–14 ). Abd. IV 4.4-5.1 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Tenaculum with 4+4 teeth and one large striate chaeta. Ventral tube anteriorly with 9-13 ciliate chaetae on each side, three of them mac (Fig. 13 View Figures 3–14 ); posteriorly with numerous ciliate chaetae and six distal smooth ones (Fig. 14 View Figures 3–14 ); each lateral flap with 8-10 smooth and 7-12 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 15 View Figures 15–19 ). Manubrial plaque with three pseudopores and 7-10 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 16 View Figures 15–19 ). Posterior face of dens with two longitudinal rows of chaetae; 27-35 spines present internal to the inner row of chaetae; two basal chaetae (following Szeptycki 1973) spiny and multilaterally ciliate, bs1 slightly shorter than bs2; proximal-inner seta (pi) ciliate, apparently thinner and much longer than bs (Fig. 17 View Figures 15–19 ). Mucro bidentate with subapical tooth much larger than apical one (Fig. 18 View Figures 15–19 ).

Th. II with three (m1, m2, m2i) medio-medial, three medio-lateral (m4, m4i, m4p), about 23 posterior mac and three lateral s-chaetae; ms internal to al; m7 and p6 as mic. Th. III with about 30 mac and two lateral s-chaetae; a7 and m7 as mic (Fig. 19 View Figures 15–19 ). Abd. I with nine (m2-4, m2i, a2, a3, a5, m4i, m4p) central mac and two lateral S-chaetae. Abd. II with five (a2, a3, m3, m3e, m3ep) central, one (m5) lateral mac and two S-chaetae; chaeta m3ea as mic. Abd. III with one (m3) central, four (am6, pm6, p6, m7a) lateral macrochaetae and three S-chaetae (Fig. 20 View Figures 20–22 ). Abd. IV with 8-10 anterior mac arranged in a transverse row, 4-5 (A5, A6, B4, B5, Ae7) centrally posterior mac, about 15 lateral mac and 52-62 S-chaetae; mac Ae7 often absent; B6 as meso or mic (Fig. 21 View Figures 20–22 ). Abd. V with three S-chaetae (Fig. 22 View Figures 20–22 ).

Distribution.

India, Bangladesh, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi).

Remarks.

Homidia cingula is characterized by dark transverse bands on Abd. II-III, 5+5 central mac on Abd. II, and 1+1 central mac on Abd. III. It has similar colour pattern to H. subcingula from Dalat, Vietnam (dark Abd. II and III). Mitra (1976) considered them as synonyms and doubtfully thought that Börner’s H. cingula represented juveniles of H. subcingula . However, the re-examination of the type specimen (2.4 mm) of H. subcingula in MNHN by the senior author (F. Zhang) shows that both taxa are valid species, although the type of H. cingula is in poor condition and many details are impossible to visualize. Homidia subcingula differs from the H. cingula in the narrow strip on posterior Abd. IV, Abd. V pigmented, 11+11 mac on Abd. I, and 6+6 (m3ea present) central mac on Abd. II. In addition, the validation of H. glassa , which also possesses pigmented Abd. II-III, is questionable. Chaetotaxy of Abd. I-III of H. glassa could be closer to H. subcingula , but this differs from that of H. cingula (Table 1 View Table 1 ).

Molecular results

Our results show that pairwise genetic distances range from 0.03 to 0.212 among 10 Homidia species (Table 2 View Table 2 ). The genetic distance between specimens of H. cingula from Yunnan (China) and Java is 0.03 (Table 2 View Table 2 ). The small genetic divergence ( Hebert et al. 2003) indicates that these specimens belong to the same species (Fig. 23 View Figure 23 ).