Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 5, t. 41. 1781.

Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra, 2022, A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 198, pp. 1-270 : 1

1. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 5, t. 41. 1781.

Fig. 5A-C

Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. [J.D. Hooker] 4: 234. 1883. Type. India. Meghalaya [ “Assam”]: Khasia Hills, J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson [1666] 14 (lectotype, designated by Sen Gupta 1961, pg. 411: CAL; isolectotypes: GH [00077827], K [K000546077], L [L 0003639], W [acc. # 0022656]).

Solanum cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 207. 1908. Type. China. Guizhou: “Ly-Po-Hien”, 10 Aug 1899, J. Cavalerie 2722 (lectotype, designated here: E [E00284478]).

Type.

Cultivated in Vienna, Austria, of unknown origin, Anonymous s.n. (lectotype, designated by Vorontsova and Knapp 2016, pg. 41: W [acc. # 0022470]) .

Description.

Vorontsova and Knapp (2016: 41-45); http://www.solanaceaesource.org/solanaceae/solanum-aculeatissimum.

Distribution.

Solanum aculeatissimum occurs only sporadically in tropical Asia (see Table 2 ); it is native to Brazil ( Nee 1979) and adventive and widely distributed in Africa, it is less common in tropical Asia than the similar S. viarum .

Common names.

China. ka xi qie ( Zhang et al. 1994). Malaysia/Singapore. tĕrong perat, tĕrong asam hutan, tĕrong puyoh, tĕrong bĕlanda, tĕrong pusat, tĕrong piat ( Burkill 1935), tèrong kori, tèrong tènang (Sundanese, Burkill 1935). Vietnam. cà ung ( Hul and Dy Phon 2014). Common names from Burkill (1935) may also refer to S. viarum .

Discussion.

Solanum aculeatissimum is a member of the Acanthophora clade (sensu Stern et al. 2011; Gagnon et al. 2022) as are several other introduced species in tropical Asia ( S. capsicoides , S. mammosum , S. viarum ) and is most similar to S. viarum . It can be distinguished from that species in its long-acuminate (versus deltate) calyx lobes and its minutely stipitate-glandular (versus puberulent) ovary. Solanum viarum is more finely and evenly glandular pubescent than is S. aculeatissimum .

The herbarium of the French botanist and clergyman Augustin A.H. Léveillé was acquired by the Scottish botanist George Forrest from whence it passed to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Vorontsova and Knapp (2016) incorrectly cited a collection in E as the holotype, no herbarium was cited in the protologue. We have selected the specimen at E (E00284478) that corresponds to the description, collector, and locality ( Léveillé 1908), as the lectotype for S. cavaleriei .

Specimens examined.

See Suppl. materials 1-3.

Figures

Figure 5. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. A habit (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon) B detail view of a flower (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon) C detail view of a fruit (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon). Solanum aethiopicum L. D detail view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, in cultivation at Radboud University, Nijmegen) E detail view of fruits (field photograph, unvouchered, in cultivation at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne). Solanum capsicoides All. F detail view of a flower (Coronado Gonzalez 5457, Nicaragua) G detail view of a fruit (Coronado Gonzalez 5457, Nicaragua). Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. H detail of a fertile branch (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A-C E. Bidault D, E, H S. Knapp F, G I. Coronado Gonzalez.