Evolvulus jacobinus Moric. (1844: 135)

Santos, Diego, Silva, Marcos José Da & Buril, Maria Teresa, 2023, Typifications and three new synonymies in Evolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae-Cressae), Phytotaxa 583 (1), pp. 1-14 : 8-9

3. Evolvulus jacobinus Moric. (1844: 135) .

Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Bahia: Serra da Jacobina, 1823, J. Blanchet 3630 (lectotype C10009654 [digital image!], isolectotype F0054805F [digital image!], MGHG3034 [digital image!], NY00319028 [digital image!], P04070282[digital image!], P03546785 [digital image!], P03546784 [digital image!], RB00538239 [digital image!], BR0000006972561 [digital image!], BR000000697351 [digital image!], BR697256 [digital image!])

Evolvulus frankenioides var. glabrescens Meissn. (1869: 348) . Type: — BRAZIL. “pr. flum. Mucuri prov. Bahiae” Prince zu Wield-Neuwied s.n. (holotype BR658757 [digital image!]). syn. nov.

≡ Evolvulus jacobinus var. ramosus Ooststr. (1934: 184) . nom. illeg.

Evolvulus luetzelburgii Helwig (1927: 106) . Type: — BRAZIL. “ Zentral-Bahia. Carracogebiet. Minas de Contas ”, 1913, Von Luetzelburg 243a ( holotype B, destroyed). Neotype (designated here):—photograph of the type [F0 BN013731 ], at the Field Museum of Natural History [digital image!]. syn. nov.

Note: — Evolvulus luetzelburgii was described by Helwig (1927) based on the presence of woolly indument on both leaf surfaces. According to Oostrstoom (1934), this species is similar to E. jacobinus Moric. by the flowers sessile or shortly pedunculate, pedicels filiform, often longer than the sepals, differing from it by its leaf blade ovate or narrow ovate (vs. elliptic in E. jacobinus ) and both surfaces sericeous, glabrescent above (vs. sericeous or glabrescent). After morphological analysis of several specimens, collection types and protologues for both species, we noted that the leaf shape and the density of its indument overlap; therefore, these species should not be recognized as distinct taxa. Study has shown that this variation in the density of the leaf indument is due to the type of environment ( Ashfaq et al. 2019). In addition to that, these species have the same distribution pattern from the caatinga to the cerrado. Considering this, we propose the synonymization of E. luetzelburgii under E. jacobinus .

The synonym E. luetzelburgii was established by Helwig (1927) based on a specimen collected by Von Luetzelburg 243a from Bahia state. This species was described based on one specimen deposited in B. (it was destroyed). However, we located a photograph of this specimen (F0 BN013731 ) in the Field Museum Berlin Negative (2017). Since we did not trace any duplicates of this collection, it is necessary to choose a neotype. According to Art. 9.8 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018) and suggestions of Staples & Prado (2018), we chose as neotype the photograph of the type specimen (FF0 BN013731 ; Fig. 7 ) destroyed in B.

According to van Ooststroom (1934: 185), E. frankenioides var. glabrescens Meissn. (1869: 348) belongs to E. jacobinus because it has a branched stem from its base and leaf base cordate (vs. oblique in E. frankenioides ). After consulting the type collections of both taxa and morphological analysis of herbarium specimens, we agree with the decision of this author. However, the nomenclatural combination proposed by him, E. jacobinus var. ramosus Oostr. (1934: 184) , is illegitimate because Ooststroom did not repeat the varietal epithet “glabrescens” proposed previously in E. frankenioides Moric. (1869: 348) . Also according to Ooststroom (1934), E. frankenioides var. glabrescens differs from E. jacobinus by having a stem with indument denser, and leaves often broader. After morphological analysis from type collections and protologue of both taxa, we noted that these features overlap. Therefore, this variety should not be recognized as distinct taxa, and we synonym it under E. jacobinus .

Evolvulus jacobinus was established by Moricand (1844) based on material Blanchet 3630 from Serra da Jacobina , Bahia state, without indicating the herbarium where it was deposited. We located eleven exsiccates distributed in herbaria BR, C, F, MGH, NY, P, RB. We chose the specimen deposited in C (C10009654; Fig. 6 ) as the lectotype because it has well preserved vegetative and reproductive parts.

Morphological relationships and characterization: — Evolvulus jacobinus is a subshrub decumbent, branched only at the base or along the branches, density sericeous to glabrescent, leaves ovate to lanceolate, elliptical, orbicular, both surfaces sericeous, glabrescent above, and inflorescence 1–(3) flowers distributed along the branches. It is similar to E. imbricatus by the leaves spiral, sepalas acute or acuminate, and corolla entire, differing from it by having stem decumbent (stem erect in E. imbricatus ), and flowers distributed along the branches (flowers concentrated in terminal portion of the branches).

Distribution and conservation status: — Evolvulus jacobinus is endemic to Brazil, where it has continuous distribution from the northeastern (Bahia State) to the southeastern regions (Minas Gerais State), growing on sandy soils on rocky outcrops, “in campos rupestres”, in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado domains ( Fig. 8 ). This species was designated as Least Concern (LC) due to its EOO estimated at 4.38, 728.370 km 2. Large populations of this species are recorded in protected areas in Bahia State (Chapada Diamantina National Park and the Morro do Chapeu state park) and in Minas Gerais State (REBIO-Mata Escura and RPPN Ermo).

Examined material: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, 05 February 1992, (fl.), B. Stannard et al. 51174 (ESA); idem, 22 April 2003, (fl., fr.), E.B. Miranda 550 (HUEFS); Andaraí, 8 km ao Sul de Andaraí, 13 February 1977, (fl.), R.M. Harley 20679 (CEPEC); Camaçari, 14 July 1987, (fl.), G.C.P. Pinto 32383 (HUEFS, NY); Jacobina, 24 Juny 2007, (fl.), F. França et al. 3092 (ESA); Lençóis, Área de Queimadas, 07 February 2009, (fl., fr.), Brito, J.C. 81 (HUEFS); Serra da Chapadinha, 24 November 1994, (fl.), Melo, E. 1327 (HUEFS); Parque Nacional Chapada da Diamantina, 15 Juny 2005, (fl.), Moraes, A. 45 (HUEFS); Maraú, 16 May 1980, (fl., fr.), Harley, R.M. 22129 (SPF, UEC); Sudeste de Maraú, Norte do Ponta do Mutá, 02 February 1977, fl., Harley, R.M. et al. 18466 (UEC). Morro do Chapeu, Parque Estadual Morro do Chapeu, 05 July 2012, (fl.), M.E.R. Junqueira et al. 175 (ESA); Mucugê, 25 (VII) 2015, (fl. fr.), J.A. Siqueira Filho 3458 (HVASF); Palmeira, Mucugezinho, 17 November 2006, (fl., fr.), Neves, S.P.S. 151 (HUEFS); Morro do Pai Inácio, 22 November 2012, (fl., fr.), Cordeiro, I. 3404 (HUEFS); idem, 28 Aril 1997, (fl., fr.), A.A. Conceição 546 (SPF); Rio de Contas, 01 March 1994, (fl.), P.T. Sano 14702 (SPF); Rui Barbosa, Serra do Orobó, 14 March 1999, (fl., fr.), F. França 2656 (HUEFS). Minas Gerais: Itacambira, 14 December 1989, (fl.), P.T. Sano 12778 (SPF); Jequitinhonha, 07 February 2005, (fl.), J. Paula-Souza et al. 5639 (ESA); Fazenda Lagoinha, 08 Setember 2003, (fl.), A. Rapini 1084 (HUEFS); REBIO-Mata Escura, 30 Juny 2013, (fl.), L.V. Vasconcelos 526 (HUEFS); Serra de Areia, 20 Octuber 1988, (fl.), R.M. Harley 25260 (SPF); Rio Vermelho, Pedra Menina, 13 Octuber 1984, (fl.), M. Meguro 5444 (SPF); 08 March 1988, (fl., fr.), D.C. Zappi 11827 (SPF); Santana de Pirapama, Serra do Cipó, 19 February 2007, (fl.), V.C Souza 32821 (SPF); Santana do Riacho, entre a Fazenda Cachoeira e a RPPN Ermo, 28 January 2008, (fl. fr.), Rapini 1635 (HUEFS).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Lectotype of Evolvulus jacobinus at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (Denmark), specimen C10009654.

FIGURE 7. Neotype of Evolvulus luetzelburgii at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (The United States of America), Photograph F0BN013731.

FIGURE 8. Updated geographical distribution of E. jacobinus.