Ptomaphaginus bryantioides Schilthuizen & Perreau, 2008

Schilthuizen, Menno, Perreau, Michel & Njunjic, Iva, 2018, A review of the Cholevinae from the island of Borneo (Coleoptera, Leiodidae), ZooKeys 777, pp. 57-108 : 66

Ptomaphaginus bryantioides Schilthuizen & Perreau, 2008 Figures 4b, 6 c–d, 9b, 10a

Ptomaphaginus bryantioides Schilthuizen & Perreau, 2008: 192-193, figs 20-21; type from Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo (in RMNH).

Material.

(In addition to that given in Schilthuizen and Perreau (2008)): Sabah. Sandakan, Sungai Lokam (logged forest), flight interception trap, iii.1997 (leg. A.Y.C. Chung, FRCS), 1 male; Sandakan, Sepilok (primary forest), flight interception trap, x.1996 (leg. A.Y.C. Chung, FRCS), 1 female. Kinabalu Park, Poring Hot Springs, 6°02.894'N, 116°41.957'E, 625 m elev., in baited pitfall traps, 15-20.ix.2012, (leg. M. Schilthuizen, Crocker Range / Kinabalu Expedition, RMNH.INS.555625-555628), 4 individuals; Crocker Range Park, Inobong, 5°51.265'N, 116°08.363'E, 500 m elev., 21-23.ix.2012 (leg. M. Schilthuizen, Crocker Range / Kinabalu Expedition, RMNH.INS.555637), 1 individual; Kiansom Waterfall, 5°58.444'N, 116°12.526'E, 300 m elev., 5-7.ix.2012 (leg. M. Schilthuizen, Crocker Range / Kinabalu Expedition, RMNH.INS.555598-555600), 3 individuals; Kiansom Waterfall, 5°58.444'N, 116°12.526'E, 300 m elev., 21-28.xii.2009 (leg. M. Schilthuizen, RMNH.INS.555644-555645, 549278, 63309, 63289-63290), 6 individuals; Crocker Range, Kota Kinabalu–Tambunan road (km 56), 1350 m elev., fish and human excrement traps, 21-24.xi.1987 (leg. Krikken & Rombaut, RMNH.INS.1086159), 1 male; Kota Kinabalu, Tun Fuad Stephen Park, 20.iv.2003 (leg. Ng Kok Kit, RMNH.INS.63303, 63298, 549268-549271), 6 individuals; Kota Kinabalu, Tun Fuad Stephen Park, 5°56.717'N, 116°06.709'E, 75 m elev., baited pitfall traps, 23-29.xii.2009 (leg. M. Schilthuizen, RMNH.INS.555646-555677, 63285-63286, BOR/COL/14194-14205), 46 individuals. Sarawak. 4th Division, Gunung Mulu National Park, many localities between 100 and 800 m elev., iii–viii.1978 (leg. P. M. Hammond & J. E. Marshall, NHMUK BM 1978-49), 102 males, 116 females. Kalimantan Timur. Balikpapan env., ca. 25 km by road Sungain Wain reserve, camp Djamaludin, baited traps in primary dipterocarp forest, a clearing next to small stream, 14-17.ii.2010 (leg. P. Šipek, H. Šipkovà, JRUC), 1 male, 2 females.

Description.

Habitus broad, rectangular, flat, very variable in size, 2.1-3.5 mm. Pronotum on average 1.8 times as wide as long, as wide as the elytra. Elytra as long as wide (length measured from the caudal tip of the scutellum to the apex of the elytra). Winged. Aedeagus with two apical, laterally directed extensions and a long terminal processus. (It appears that in P. bryanti , the lateral extensions may be directed even more ventrad, and the median processus is more widened apically than in P. bryantioides , but the significance of these differences needs to be substantiated.) Male forelegs with long setae on the ventral sides of the femur and tibia. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th visible abdominal ventrite of the male carry a slight central notch and show a depression around these notches. Spermatheca simple, inflated, semicircular (Figure 10a), similar to that of P. louis .

Differential diagnosis.

Distinguishable from other Bornean Ptomaphaginus species with the same aedeagus structure by the more elongated aedeagus with long, narrow processus, and the long setae on the male femur and tibia.

DNA barcodes.

For the following specimens, COI barcodes are available in BOLD: RMNH.INS.549278 (Kiansom), RMNH.INS.63289 (Kiansom), RMNH.INS.555644-555645 (Kiansom), RMNH.INS.555598-555600 (Kiansom), RMNH.INS.63285-63286 (Kota Kinabalu), RMNH.INS.549268-549271 (Kota Kinabalu), RMNH.INS.555677 (Kota Kinabalu), RMNH.INS.555625-555628 (Poring Hot Springs), and RMNH.INS.555637 (Inobong). Although these sequences fall into several separate BINs, for the moment we consider them all conspecific (see under Habitat and distribution).

Habitat and distribution.

Widely distributed in Sabah and northern Sarawak, in primary and secondary lowland forest (usually up to 500 m, one exceptional record at 1350 m). Sabah: Kota Kinabalu, Kiansom, Sugud, Kinabalu Park (Poring), Crocker Range Park (Inobong, KK–Tambunan road km 56), Danum Valley, Batu Punggul; Sarawak: Mulu National Park. DNA sequencing ( Merckx et al. 2015) shows that within Sabah, several lineages exist. The most widely divergent of these are from Sugud and may represent a separate species (possibly P. bryanti ; see above). Additionally, an approximate 4% COI-distance can be observed between the populations on the east and west slopes of the Crocker Range (BOLDBINsACJ9516+ACJ9517 and ABU8889+ABU8890, respectively), but morphologically these populations are indistinguishable. For the time being, we consider all these BINs as conspecific.