Gomphostemma japanicum

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 55-64

16. Gomphostemma japanicum (3lume) 3enth.

( Bentham 1833: 630); Prain (1891: 261); Keng (1969: 86, 1958: 322); Murata (1956: 188); Phuong (2000: 111); Walsingham & Bramley (2010: 283); Walsingham (2019: 199). Type: as for Prasium jaoanicum .

Prasium jaoanicum Blume (1826: 820) . Type: Indonesia, Java, Mont. Gede [-6.5992°, 106.9689°], 3lume s.n. (lectotype L (L0003500), selected by Keng (1969); isolectotypes 2 sheets [L0003696, L0003695, L0003698, L0003699]).

Prasium phlomoides Reinw. ex Blume (1826: 820) . Type: Indonesia, Java, Reinwardt s.n. (lectotype L [L 0003692], selected by Keng (1969); isolectotypes 2 sheets L [L0003693, L0003693]).

Gomphostemma lucidum Wall. ex Benth. (Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12). Type: India, Pundua [Pandua, 23.1165°, 91.5333°], May 1822, de Siloa s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2136.2 (lectotype K [Herb. Benthamianum], selected here; isolectotype K-W [K001113320]).

Gomphostemma oblongum Wall. ex Benth. (Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12). Type: Burma, Tavoy, 12 Aug. 1825, Gomez s.n. in Wall. Cat. 2132 (lectotype K [Herb. Benthamianum, K000301086]; isolectotype K-W [K001113335]).

Gomphostemma phlomoides (Reinw. ex Blume) Benth. ( Bentham 1833: 629) . Type: as for Prasium phlomoides .

Gomphostemma philippinarum Benth. (Bentham in A.P. de Candolle 1828: 331). Type: Philippines, Island of Bohol [9.8333°, 122.1665°], 1821, Cuming 1820 (K [Herb. Benthamianum, K000836198] lectotype selected here; isolectotypes C, E [E00301969], G [G00189005], K [Herb. Benthamianum, K000836200]).

Gomphostemma oblongum var. helferi Hook.f. ( Hooker 1883: 695) . Type: Burma, Tenasserim, Helfer 2023 (holotype K [Herb. Hookerianum, K000826319]).

Gomphostemma scortechinii Prain (1890: 313) . Type: Malaysia, Perak, Gunong Tucok, Sept. 1882, Scortechini 1223 [CAL [CAL0000005131], lectotype selected here; isolectotypes 3 sheets CAL [CAL0000005130, CAL 0000005132, CAL0000005133], K [K00030182], SING).

Gomphostemma scortechinii var. helferi Prain (1891: 260) . Type: as for G. oblongum var. helferi Hook.f.

Gomphostemma rugosum Prain (1891: 262) . Type: Burma, Tenasserim, Chapadong [Chappedong] Hill, 23 Feb. 1825, Wall. Cat. 2136.1 (K-W [K001113339], lectotype selected here; isolectotype CAL n.v.).

Gomphostemma lucidum Wall. ex Benth. var. canescens Prain (1891: 263) . Type: India, Lakhimpur, Griffith 2038 (K [Herb. Hookerianum], lectotype selected here; isolectotypes C, CAL n.v., P [P02061923]) .

Gomphostemma intermedium Craib (1910: 23) . Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai,?oi Sootep, in evergreen cungle, 530 m, 15 July 1909, Kerr 533 (K, lectotype selected here; isolectotypes AB?, BM).

Gomphostemma cinereum Elmer (1919: 3086) . Type: Philippines, Luzon, Province of Laguna, Los Banos (Mt Maquiling), along stream beds of dense forests half way up the mountain, June – July 1915, Elmer 15836 (K [K000836203], lectotype selected here; isolectotypes 2 sheets BM [BM 000930332, BM 000930333], L [U0226339], NY [00000332], P, US [00119222]).

Gomphostemma oblongum var. setosum Ridl. ( Ridley 1923a: 633) . Type: Malaysia, Selangor, Semangkok Pass [3.6833°, 101.53°], 22 Jan. 1921, Ridley s.n. (holotype K [K000301132]).

Gomphostemma lacteum Ridl. ( Ridley 1922: 300) . Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Pine Tree Hill [3.5165°, 101.6833°], near Fraser Hill, 1220 m [2800 ft], 25 Aug. 1923, 3urkill 11053 (holotype K [K000301133]; isotype SING).

Gomphostemma lucidum var. intermedium (Craib) C.Y. Wu (1963: 123) . Type: as for G. intermedium Craib.

Gomphostemma arbusculum C.Y. Wu (1963: 126) . Type: China, Yunnan, Lan-tsang, Lan-tsang Hsien [22.3333°, 99.9333°], 1800 m, May 1933, Wang 56253 (holotype PE; isotype A n.v.).

Gomphostemma latifolium C.Y. Wu (1963: 125) . Type: China, Yunnan, Jinghong, Che-li Hsien, 930 m, Aug. 1936, Wang 53330 (holotype PE; isotype A n.v.).

Gomphostemma jaoanicum f. phlomoides (Reinw. ex Blume) Murata (1956: 189) . Type: as for Prasium phlomoides Reinw. ex Blume.

Gomphostemma jaoanicum var. helferi (Hook.f.) Murata (1956: 189) . Type: as for G. oblongum var helferi Hook.f.

Gomphostemma jaoanicum subsp. lucidum (Wall. ex Benth.) Murata (1956: 189) . Type: as for G. lucidum Wall. ex Benth.

Gomphostemma jaoanicum var. rugosum (Prain) Murata (1956: 190) . Type: Gomphostemma rugosum Prain.

Gomphostemma jaoanicum var. breoidens Murata (1989: 101) . Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai,?oi Inthanon, in evergreen forest, 1800 – 2300 m, 3 Oct. 1951, Murata et al. T- 13988 (holotype KYO [KYO00020216]; isotypes BKF [SN029508], KYO [KYO00020215]).

Perennial herb 0.3 – 2 m tall. Stems erect, upright, woody at base, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with dense stellate hairs with a 1-celled or multi-celled stalk and sometimes dendroid hairs. Leaoes petiolate, chartaceous or coriaceous; blades oblong-ovate, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, oblong, elliptic-ovate, elliptic-obovate or obovate, 5 – 30 × 3 – 13 cm, apex acute or broadly acuminate, margin entire, subentire, serrate, obtusely serrate or crenate, base cuneate, attenuate or obtuse, upper side tomentose with a mixture of soft hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with a mixture of dense branched hairs, sometimes with robust venation, rugose-like; petioles 10 – 30 mm long, with stellate hairs and/or dendroid hairs. Inflorescence axillary with opposite cymes sessile or sometimes pedunculate, branched then lax or unbranched then congested with axis not visible between flowers, exceeding 20 mm wide when pressed, excluding corolla, inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils few – manyflowered, subtended by upper leaves only; pedicels 0 – 10 (– 13) mm long; bracts deciduous, slightly falcate, ovate, narrowly obovate, obovate or spathulate, 3 – 13 × 3 – 5 mm, upper side with shortly simple hairs, lower side with stellate hairs; bracteoles linear, 2 – 10 mm long. Flowering calyx infundibular, 5 – 13 mm long, prominently 10-ridged, outside dense tomentose with stellate hairs with a 1-celled stalk or sessile stellate hairs or short simple hairs, inside with short simple hairs; tube 3 – 10 mm long; lobes triangular, 2 – 3 mm long, apex acute or acuminate. Fruiting calyx broadly infundibular or cupular, 10 – 20 mm long; tube 6 – 13 mm long; lobes 2 – 8 mm long, longer than the tube at maturity or not longer than the tube; apex acute or acuminate, margin flat in cross section. Corolla white, pale yellow, pale pink or scarlet, 23 – 20 (– 30) mm long, throat inflated, abruptly dilated near the throat, outside tomentose with stellate hairs or simple hairs, inside glabrous; tube incurved, 13 – 33 mm long; posterior lip ovate, 3 – 3 mm long, apex emarginate or undulate, margin undulate or entire; anterior lip 3-lobed, spreading beyond posterior lip, 5 – 13 mm long; median lobe tongue-like, spreading, broadly ovate, apex and margin undulate, base constricted. Staminal filaments fleshy, tomentose. Style fleshy, glabrous, shorter than corolla with apex subequally lobed. Nutlets 1 – 2, elliptic or oblong, 2 – 6 × 3 – 2 mm, sparse tomentose or glabrescent at apex, wrinkled. Fig. 1 ? & 3.

DISTRIBUTION. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, China (Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysian Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak), Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Visayas, Sulu Archipelago). Map 2 .

HABITAT. Shade and damp areas in primary or secondary evergreen forest, 0 – 1800 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread; Least Concern (LC).

PHENOLOGY. Flowering and fruiting all year round.

NOTES. Gomphostemma jaoanicum is the most common species in the genus with the widest distribution and significant morphological variation (see Fig. 3 ). Polymorphic characters of this species include the varied size of the leaf, calyx and corolla. However, intermediate forms among those variable characters are seen when specimens are examined from across the range of distribution.

Gomphostemma jaoanicum is close to G. leptodon by having a prominently 10-ridged calyx but the margin of the fruiting calyx lobes of G. jaoanicum is not or hardly revolute in cross section unlike G. leptodon .

Figures

Map 2. Distribution range of Gocphostecca longipetaluc, G. niveuc, G. parvifloruc and G. thocsonii.

Fig. 1. A – B Gocphostecca castersii: A tuber-like roots; B corolla with inflated throat. C G. parvifloruc: axillary inflorescence and corolla with narrow throat. D G. javanicuc: fleshy nutlets. E – F G. leptodon: E axillary inflorescence; F flower, note calyx lobes longer than the tube and corolla with inflated throat. PHOTOS: A – B & D THAMMARAT PHUTTHAI; C;HANU;ONG; ONGCHEEWIN; E – F MAXIM NURALIEV.

Fig. 3. Gocphostecca repentuc. A habit; B stellate hair froc lower leaf surface; C upper leaf surface inducentuc showing 3- celled sicple hairs and 1-celled sicple hairs; D flower, lateral view; E calyx cut and opened to show ovary, style and stigca; F corolla cut and opened as flat as possible to show stacens and an annulus of sicple hairs; G sicple hairs froc the annulus. All froc Micholitz s.n. DRAWN;Y ANDREW;ROWN.