Malus baccata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.

Li, Jing-chao, Liu, Jian-quan & Gao, Xin-fen, 2022, A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 853, pp. 1-127 : 19-23

1c. Malus baccata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.

Figs 9–10

Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde Vol. 1: 721 ( Schneider 1906b).

Pyrus baccata var. mandshurica Maxim. ( Pirus baccata β mandshurica Maxim. ), Bulletin de l’Académie impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 170 ( Maximowicz 1874). – Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov, Izvestiya glavnogo botaniceskago Sada SSSR 25: 146 ( Skvortsov 1926). – Malus baccata subsp. mandshurica (Maxim.) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 28 ( Likhonos 1974).

– Type: CHINA • Mandshurica austro-orientalis, Bay Guérin sinus Victoriae ; 1860; fl, fr; Maximowicz s.n.; lectotype: NY [ NY00415893 ]!, here designated; isolectotype: P [ P03339959 ]!

Malus sachalinensis Juz. , Flora USSR Vol. 9: 371 ( Juzepczuk 1939). – Malus baccata subsp. sachalinensis (Juz.) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 28 ( Likhonos 1974). – Malus mandshurica subsp. sachalinensis (Juz.) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 28 ( Likhonos 1974). – Malus mandshurica var. sachalinensis (Juz.) Ponomar., Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 62 (6): 829 ( Ponomarenko 1977).

– Type: RUSSIA • Sakhalinskaya Oblast , Insula Sachalin; Jun. 1860; fr; Fridericus Schmidt s.n.; lectotype: LE [ LE01082068 ]!, here designated; isolectotype: LE [ LE01082066 ]!

Examined specimens

CHINA – Anhui • Jinzhai ; 18 May 1985; fl; G. Yao 9007; NAS • Huangshan ; 16 May 1979; fl; M.B. Deng & G. Yao 79179; NAS • Shexian ; 16 May 1959; fr; Anonymous 1749; NAS . – Beijing • Wofosi ; 24 Apr. 1962; fl; Renguo 34; PE. – Chongqing • Beibei ; 8Apr. 1996; fl; S.Y. Jiang 96004; CDBI • Wulong; 17 Jun. 2012; fr; Wulong Team 500232-307; IMC. – Gansu • Changxian ; 23 Aug. 1939; fl, fr; W.Y. Hsia 6294; PE. – Guangdong • Ruyuan ; 10 Apr. 1934; fl; X.P. Gao 54078; NAS. – Guizhou • Suiyang ; 26 Apr. 1989; fl; K.M. Lan 8900890; GZAC • Wudang; 22 Jul. 2004; fr; Wudang Team 14722-520112140722045LY; GZTM. – Hebei • Shexian; 3 May 2014; fl; Team 16 130426140503012LY; HBNU . – Henan • Lingbao ; 12 Jun. 2016; fl; C.S. Zhu et al. 150512013; AU • ibid.; 10 Aug. 2014; fr; C.S. Zhu et al. 14081067; AU . – Heilongjiang • Haerbin ; 1 Jun. 2004; fr; C.M. Tan et al. HEI014 ; JJF • locality unknown; 28 May 1950; fl, fr; C.Y. Wu 180; PE • Northeast agronomical forest farm ; 18 May 1951; fl, fr; W. Wang & Z. Wang 225; PE. – Hubei • Huanggang ; 28 Apr. 2015; fl; Z.W. Wang WZW01358 ; CSH • 28 Apr. 2015; fr; B.J. Ge et al. GBJ04557 ; CSH • Wuhan ; 1983; fr; C.Q. Wang 72; CCAU. – Jilin • Antu ; 8 Jun. 1960; fr; C.S. Wang et al. 4684; IBK • Changbaishan; 1955; fr; Genxin team 24; CAF. – Liaoning • Jinxian ; 1 May 1984; fl, fr; J.Q. Deng 7; PE . – Qinghai • Xining ; 19 May 1990; fl; Z.H. Zhang 5938; HNWP • ibid.; 4 Aug. 1990; fr; Z.H. Zhang 5464; HNWP. – Shandong • Xiashan ; 17 Jul. 2012; fr; S.H. Hui & H. Ming 223; SDFGR • Weihai ; 13 Apr. 2012; fl; Y.M. Fang 070; SDFGR • Qingdao ; 16 Aug. 2012; fr; D.K. Zang 121413; SDFGR. – Shanxi • Taiyuan ; 26 Apr. 1990; fl; Z.Y. Li & H.Q. Li 904001-2; SXU [ SXU- SD00014345 ] • Luyashan ; 28 Aug. 1959; fr; X.Y. Liu 15919; HSIB . – Shaanxi • T’aipeishan ; 18 Jul. 1933; fl, fr; T.P. Wang 1495; PE, NAS, NKU • Taipaishan ; 21 Apr. 1939; fl; K.T. Fu 2972; IBK • ibid.; 15 May 1937; fl; T.P. Wang 6759; IBK. – Shanghai • Xuhui ; 16 Jun. 2011; st; H.Q. Li et al. SDP02865 ; CSH • Changning ; 13 Apr. 1950; fl; F.X. Liu & J.X. Tan 56; NAS . – Sichuan • Bazhong ; 23 Apr. 2015; fl; Y. He & H. Tian GWS201504121 , GWS201504139 ; BNU • Emeishan ; Oct. 1931; fr; F.T. Wang 23671; NAS . – Zhejiang • Tianmushan ; 21 Jun. 1957; fr; X.Y. He 22345; NAS, HHBG • ibid.; 20 May 1957; fl; Deng et al. 4007; NAS.

JAPAN – Shinano • Kakuma Osa-son ; 16 Sep. 1952; fr; Miyoshi Furuse 25712; PE .

RUSSIA – Primorakaja • Wladiwostok ; 20 May 1906; fl; H.A. ПаЛЬчевЄКій [H.A. Pal’chyevyekіy] 2357; PE .

SOUTH KOREA – locality unknown; 18 May 1911; fl; G. Palph & M.D. Mills s.n.; PE • ibid.; 20 May 1909; fl; G. Palph & M.D. Mills s.n.; PE .

Description

Tree, 10‒15 m high; branches terete, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole 1.8‒4.1 cm long, puberulous. Lamina ca 5.8 × 3.3 cm, oval to ovate, base cuneate, apex retuse to caudate, margin crenate to serrulate, blade abaxially puberulous or glabrescent. Inflorescence umbellate, with 3‒6 flowers. Pedicel 1.4‒4.8 cm long, usually puberulous. Hypanthium glabrous or puberulous. Sepals lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially puberulous, caducous. Petals ca 1.2 × 6.7 cm, white, obovate. Stamens 15‒20, unequal. Styles 4 or 5, longer than stamens, glabrous. Pome ca 0.7× 0.6 cm, subglobose, red. Carpopodium ca 3.3 cm long, majority puberulous.

Phenology

Flowers from May to June. Mature fruits from August to September.

Habitat

Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in mixed forest on slopes, mountain summits and in valleys; 100‒2000 m a.s.l.

Distribution

China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Japan (Nagano, Shinano), North Korea, South Korea, and Russia ( Fig. 9 ).

Chromosome number

2n = 34.

Note

The Latin word ‘manshurica’ is used by some herbaria, but we unified it to ‘mandshurica’ according to the priority principle (i.e., Malus baccata var. mandshurica = Malus mandshurica = Malus manshurica ). In addition, the lectotype designated by Langenfeld (1991: 158) ( RUSSIA • Novik Bay on the Russian island, near Vladivostok; 25 May and 28 Aug. 1860; fl, fr; Maximowicz s.n.; lectotype: LE) is invalid, so we designated a new one here on the basis of Maximowicz’s record.

Figures

Fig. 9. Distribution of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.

Fig. 10. Morphological characters ofMalus baccata (L.) Borkh. var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.; BNU000964, BNU002220, GXMG0029941, NY00415893 (lectotype), P00993789, P03144392, PE02026701, SXU-SD00014341, SXU-SD00014342, SXU-SD00014343, QIN05041, QIN05042, K000758414, K000758415 /K000758416, PE00952851, PE00952873, PE00952882, PE01460677, PE01460827. Scale bars = 10 mm.