Cyclopoida Burmeister, 1834

Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2017, Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65, pp. 623-654 : 626-628

Order Cyclopoida Burmeister, 1834 Family Cyclopidae Rafinesque, 1815

Subfamily Cyclopinae Rafinesque, 1815

Cryptocyclops linjanticus ( Kiefer, 1928b)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Woltereck et al., 1941.

General geographic distribution: Afro-Asian.

Distribution in the Philippines. Camiguin: Mambajao. Remarks. Genus needs revision; Philippine record needs confirmation ( Papa & Hołyńska, 2013).

Mesocyclops aspericornis ( Daday, 1906)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Hołyńska, 2000; Tuyor & Baay, 2001; Papa & Hołyńska, 2013; and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Pantropical.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Bulacan –Bulihan swamp and rice field; Laguna –IRRI rice field; Nueva Ecija – Mayapyap River, Irrigation canal. Cebu: Brgy. Danglag and Lake Danao. Camiguin: Mambajao.

Remarks. Mesocyclops aspericornis occurs throughout the tropics. Comparisons of specimens from the Neotropics and West Africa to those from Central and Southeast Asia showed variations in the spinule ornamentation of the caudal surface of antennary basipodite ( Hołyńska, 2000). Mesocyclops aspericornis is a benthic cyclopid and may be found in littoral vegetation ( Reid & Saunders, 1986; Hołyńska, 2000).

Mesocyclops augusti Papa & Hołyńska, 2013

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Papa & Hołyńska, 2013.

General geographic distribution: Philippines (Mindanao Island).

Distribution in the Philippines. Mindanao: South Cotabato – Lake Siloton.

Remarks. Recorded from Vietnam and Philippines. Mesocyclops augusti is closely related to M. dissimilis (Lake Biwa, Japan).

Mesocyclops microlasius Kiefer, 1981

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Kiefer, 1981; Tuyor & Baay, 2001; Papa & Hołyńska, 2013; and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Philippines.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Ilocos Norte –Lake Paoay; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna De Bay. Cebu: Lake Danao. Mindanao: South Cotabato –Lake Sebu.

Remarks. Endemic. Described from a concrete pond in Manila ( Kiefer, 1981) and later collected in Mindanao by Tuyor & Baay (2001). However, its Mindanao record needs confirmation. This species is also found in northern Luzon ( Papa & Hołyńska, 2013) and was recorded outside Luzon Island for the first time by Dela Paz et al. (2016). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that closest relative of M. microlasius is M. geminus from East Borneo ( Papa & Hołyńska, 2013).

Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides Harada, 1931

Synonyms in Philippine literature: all the Philippine records of Mesocyclops leuckarti ( Claus, 1857) are misidentifications and many of those may refer to M. thermocyclopoides .

Philippine records: Uéno, 1966; Tuyor & Baay, 2001; Papa & Hołyńska, 2013; and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Indonesia (Java, Flores?), Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.).

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Batangas –Lake Taal; Camarines Sur –Lake Buhi; Laguna –Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Tadlak, and Calamba River; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay. Mindoro: Lake Naujan. Panay: Capiz –Fish pond in the municipality of Pontevedra, and Panitan River. Negros: Negros Oriental –Fishpond in the municipality of Siaton. Mindanao: Agusan del Sur –Lake Mainit. Sulu Archipelago: Lake Seit, Jolo.

Remarks. Distribution is widely spread in the Philippine archipelago.

Mesocyclops woutersi Van de Velde, 1987

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Its known distribution also includes North Australia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Laos, Vietnam, South China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.

Distribution in the Philippines. Cebu: Lake Lamak. Negros: Negros Oriental –Lake Balinsasayaw.

Remarks. Mesocyclops woutersi collected from Negros and Cebu islands were the first records of the species in the Philippines and also from insular SE Asia ( Dela Paz et al., 2016).

Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Hołyńska, 2000; Papa & Hołyńska, 2013. General geographic distribution: Africa. Algeria, Natal. Asia. Uzbekiztan, Japan (Kyushu). Brazil and Caribbean Cayman Islands.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Bulacan –San Miguel: Malasipit River; Cagayan –Tuguegarao City, Pinacanauan River, and Tawi River.

Remarks. The native range of M. ogunnus includes both tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia.

Thermocyclops crassus ( Fischer, 1853)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Kiefer, 1938; Woltereck et al., 1941; Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Mamaril, 1986, 2001; Tuyor & Baay, 2001; Aquino et al., 2008; Papa & Zafaralla, 2011; and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Europe, Asia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Northand Central America (introduced in the New World).

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Batangas –Lake Taal; Bulacan –Bustos Dam, Malolos; Benguet – Baguio City; Camarines Sur –Lake Buhi, and Lake Bato; Cagayan –Buguey; Camarines Sur – Naga City; Ilocos Norte –Lake Paoay and San Nicolas; Laguna –Lake Tadlak, Lake Bunot, Lake Yambo, Lake Mohicap, Lake Sampalok, Lake Palakpakin, and IRRI Rice field; National Capital Region– Marikina, La Mesa Dam, UP Diliman campus, and Manila; Manila- Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Cabanatuan and Pantabangan; Quezon –Pagbilao, Lucban; Rizal –Binangonan; Sorsogon –Lake Bulusan; Tarlac –Conception. Mindoro: Lake Naujan. Cebu: Lake Danao and Estaca River. Negros: Negros Oriental –Lake Balinsasayaw. Leyte: Lake Danao. Mindanao: Agusan del Sur –Lake Mainit; Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao; South Cotabato –Lake Lahit and Lake Sebu. Sulu Archipelago: Lake Seit, Jolo (?).

Remarks. Thermocyclops crassus is widespread in Eurasia, tropical and temperate parts of Australia, and northeastern U.S.A. (likely introduced) ( Mirabdullayev et al., 2003). In the Philippines, it is common in the freshwater ecosystems of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Thermocyclops crassus is supposed to be a complex of species ( Mirabdullayev et al., 2003).

Thermocyclops decipiens ( Kiefer, 1929)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Kiefer, 1938; Woltereck et al., 1941; Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Tuyor & Baay, 2001; Papa & Hołyńska, 2013; and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: Pantropical.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Cavite –Dasmariñas Pond; Laguna –Calamba River and IRRI Rice field; Manila- Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay. Mindoro: Lake Naujan. Panay: Aklan –Mangayaw Falls; Capiz –Mambusao Dam, Fishpond in the municipality of Pontevedra, Fishpond in the municipality of Mambusao, and Panitan River. Bohol: Malinao Dam. Cebu: Lake Malubog and Lake Cumbar. Negros: Negros Oriental –Fishpond in Siaton and Lake Balanan. Mindanao: Agusan del Sur –Lake Mainit; South Cotabato –Lake Lahit, Lake Sebu, and Lake Seloton.

Remarks. Thermocyclops decipiens is a Pantropical species with good ecological tolerance and dispersal capabilities, known to inhabit small or large freshwater bodies.

Thermocyclops philippinensis ( Marsh, 1932)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Marsh, 1932.

General geographic distribution: Philippines (Luzon Island). Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: National Capital Region– Manila.

Remarks. Endemic species reported only from Manila ( Marsh, 1932). Its occurrence in its type locality as well as adjoining areas is yet to be verified. Current geographic distribution of the species remains unknown.

Thermocyclops taihokuensis Harada, 1931

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Papa & Hołyńska, 2013 and Dela Paz et al., 2016.

General geographic distribution: East and Central Asia.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Camarines Sur –Lake Bato and Lake Baao; Laguna –Lake Pandin, Lake Bunot, Lake Mohicap, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Sampalok. Leyte: Lake Bito and BFAR Regional Aquaculture Freshwater Production.

Remarks. Also recorded from Taiwan, China, Korea, Japan, Viet Nam, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Far East of Russia ( Mirabdullayev et al., 2003). It is commonly collected in fishponds and small waterbodies ( Mirabdullayev et al., 2003).

Thermocyclops wolterecki Kiefer, 1938

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Kiefer, 1938; Woltereck et al., 1941; and Petersen & Carlos, 1984.

General geographic distribution: North Australia (Kimberley region, Queensland), Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Laos, Vietnam, South China, Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is., Honshu Is.), South Korea.

Distribution in the Philippines. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur - Lake Lanao.

Remarks. The limnetic and littoral forms of this species have distinct morphometric characters ( Chaicharoen et al., 2011).

Microcyclops varicans ( Sars, 1863)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Woltereck et al., 1941; Mamaril, 1986, 2001; and Tuyor & Baay, 2001.

General geographic distribution: Reported from Eurasia, Africa, the Americas, and Western Australia.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: BenguetAlbay– Legaspi City; Benguet – Baguio City; Batangas –Lake Taal and San Luis; Bulacan –Bustos Dam and Malolos; Cagayan – Buguey, Camarines Sur – Naga City; Ilocos Norte –Lake Paoay, San Nicolas, and Laoag; Laguna –Lake Pandin, Calamba, Los Baños, IRRI, Lumban, and Magbitac; National Capital

Region– Marikina, Pasig City, La Mesa Dam, UP Diliman Campus, and Muntinlupa City; Nueva Ecija –Cabanatuan, Pantabangan Dam, and Bicos; Pampanga –Candaba; Quezon – Pagbilao, Lucena, and Lucban; Rizal –Binangonan; Tarlac – Concepcion and Bamban. Mindoro: Calapan, Lake Naujan, and Roxas. Cebu: Cebu City, Consolacion. Leyte: Tolosa, Tanauan, and Lake Danao. Negros: Negros Oriental –Lake Balinsasayaw. Mindanao: Agusan del Sur –Lake Mainit; Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao; Surigao del Norte – Surigao City. Remarks. Alleged occurrence in the Philippines – the records of M. varicans likely refer to other species ( Papa & Holyńska, 2013). Non-European records including those from the Philippines need to be confirmed; species range limits are insufficintly known ( Papa & Hołyńska, 2013).