Phlegmariurus linifolius (Linnaeus) B. Øllgaard (2012a: 480)

Øllgaard, Benjamin & Testo, Weston, 2021, The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá, Phytotaxa 526 (1), pp. 1-66 : 32-33

20.­­­ Phlegmariurus linifolius (Linnaeus) B. Øllgaard (2012a: 480) .—Fig. 14B

Lycopodium linifolium Linnaeus (1753: 1100) .— Huperzia linifolia (Linnaeus) Trevisan (1874: 248) .— Urostachys linifolius (Linnaeus) Herter (1923: 165) . Type:— Martinique or Hispaniola, Plumier, Traiteì FougeÌres 1705: t. 166, Fig. C, lectotype designated by Proctor (1977: 26).

Pendulous, the terminal divisions sometimes aggregated in fasciculate clusters, up to 60 (–80) cm long. Shoots homophyllous or gradually heterophyllous, equally thick throughout, 20–30 (–45) mm in diam. incl. leaves, or gradually tapering to (7–) 10–15 mm distally. Stems excl. leaves 0.5–1 mm thick at the base, almost straight to somewhat flexuous. Leaves of basal divisions spirally arranged, single, or in occasional pairs or whorls of 3, not predominantly whorled, wide-spreading to ascending, straight to slightly falcate, usually with the lamina vertical due to a twist of the lamina base, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, distinctly narrowed into a petiole-like, twisted, usually perpendicular to deflexed lamina base, (10–) 13–24 × 1–5 mm, flat, or with slightly revolute, smooth margins, soft-herbaceous. Leaves of middle and terminal divisions spirally arranged, paired or borne in irregular to regular, alternating whorls of 3, conform, or usually narrower, often with a long narrow apex from a subauriculate, non-twisted lamina base. Sporangia 1–1.5 mm wide.

­­­ Distribution:— Southern Mexico to Panamá, West Indies, South America to Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.

­­­ Habitats:— Epiphytic in lowland, lower montane rain forests, and cloud forest, from sea level to ca. 2000 m elev.

­­­ Note:—Widespread and polymorphic in tropical America, represented by the type variety in Central America.

­­­ Specimens­­­ studied:—Bocas­­­ del­­­Toro: Bocas del Toro, Carleton 255a ( US). Dist. Bocas del Toro, Salcreek, Parque Nacional Marino Isla Bastimento, 41 m, Galdames et al. 6597 (PMA). Near Laguna de Chiriquí, Hart 59 (photo US). Water Valley, Wedel 872, 1389 (AAU, GH, MO, US), 1656 (GH, MO, US). Old Bank Island, Chiriquí Lagoon, Wedel 2077 (GH, MO, NY). Río Cricamola, 10–50 m, Woodson et al. 1920 (GH, NY, US). Almirante, along stream SW of town, Kennedy & Dressler 1288 (photo DUKE). Laguna de Chiriquí, rincón sureste, Nuri cerca Guaymi, 1–2 m, Foster et al. 14654 (photo F, PMA). Cabaña del Sr. Lino, bajando al Río Chanquinola y sube al Filo del Martillo, Aranda et al. 1642 (PMA). Río Changuinola, Guayacan, 250 m, Laube et al. 171, 332 (PMA). Río Changuinola, Quebrada Guarani, Finca of Sr. Mariano Santos, 145 m, Laube et al. 469 (PMA). Changuinola, PILA, ca 3 km from estación de Alto Uri, 1700 m, Monro et al. 5923 (PMA). Changuinola, PILA, 1500 m, Santamaría et al. 7529 (PMA). Canal­­­Zone: Drowned forest in valley of Río Puente, 70 m, Dodge & Allen 17320 (BR, F, K, MICH, MO, MU, NY, S, UC, US). Chiriquí: Near Boquete, 1675 m, Stern et al. 1111 (MO). Dist. Boquete, N of village of Boquete, near Horqueta, ca. 1180 m, Galdames et al. 4189 (PMA). Powell s. n. (GH). Cerro Punta, Florpan s.n. (AAU).N.E. del campamento Fortuna (Hornito), hasta la finca Santamaría, 1000–1200 m, Correa et al. 2477 (PMA). Colón: Comarca de San Blas (now Guna Yala), road Mandinga–Cangandi, Duke 14727.3 (MO, NY, US). Darién: Río Balsa, Between Río Arctí and Manane, Duke 8785 (MO, US). Ridgetop area N of Cerro Pirre, 1200–1400 m, Folsom et al. 6324 (MO). Manene to mouth of Río Causi, Kirkbride & Bristan 1424 (MO). Cerro de Garagará, Sambú basin, S Darién, 500–974 m, Pittier 5617 ( US).