Phlegmariurus hippurideus (Christ) B.Øllgaard (2012: 480)

Øllgaard, Benjamin & Testo, Weston, 2021, The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá, Phytotaxa 526 (1), pp. 1-66 : 26-28

6. Phlegmariurus hippurideus (Christ) B.Øllgaard (2012: 480) . Fig. 12

Lycopodium hippurideum Christ (1901: 56) .— Urostachys hippurideus (Christ) Nessel (1939: 88) .— Huperzia hippuridea (Christ) Holub (1985: 73) . Type:— COSTA RICA. San Joseì: El Paìramo, massif de Buena Vista, 3000 m, 1897, Pittier 10619 (P 00559179 holotype; US isotype).

Lycopodium lechleri Hieronymus (1905: 571) .— Urostachys lechleri (Hieronymus) Nessel (1939: 85) .— Huperzia lechleri (Hieronymus) Holub (1985: 74) . Type:— PERU: Tabina, Lechler, ed. Hohenacker 2012 (B lectotype, designated by Rolleri (1981: 82); G, K, P, UPS isolectotypes).

Urostachys lechleri Hieronymus var. lehmannii Nessel (1940 a: 161) .— Urostachys lehmannii (Nessel) Herter (1949a: 67) . Type:— ECUADOR:? syntypes in BONN, Herb. Nessel 148, two pairs of fragments indicated to be from Ecuador (Spruce s.n. Pallatanga 1858, marked 7; the other is indicated to be from Ecuador: unknown collector s.n. »Aus dem Herbar Bonaparte, Paris«, annotated » Ur. lehmannii Boge. «). A different specimen from Bolivia (Mandon 1588) is illustrated in t. 8, f. 35 (l. c.).

Urostachys poseidonis Herter (1954: 122–123) .— Lycopodium poseidonis (Herter) Morton, C. (1964: 42) . Type:— ECUADOR. Chimborazo: Peripa, “In regione arborea superiore prope pagum Peripe”, 3400 m, December 1921, Rose, in Mille 35 ( US holotype, GH, NY isotypes).

Lycopodium bolivianum Rosenstock (1912: 59) .— Urostachys bolivianus (Rosenstock) Nessel (1927: 396) .— Huperzia boliviana (Rosenstock) Rolleri & Deferrari (1988: 155) . Type:— BOLIVIA. La Paz: [Prov. Nor Yungas] Unduavi, Buchtien 2632 (L, Z isotypes).

Plants ascending to stiffly erect from a decumbent base, to 60 cm tall, sparsely branched, to 3(–5) times dichotomous. Shoots homophyllous, equally thick throughout, 10–35 mm in diameter including leaves, sporangiate from ca. 20 cm above the ground, often in separate zones. Stems excluding leaves 2.5–4 mm thick at the base, tapering to ca. 2–3 mm upward. Leaves borne in more or less regular, often oblique, alternating whorls of 5–8, these 2–5 mm apart, forming 10–16 indistinct longitudinal ranks, spreading to reflexed, sometimes sharply reflexed and appressed to the stem, linear to linear-subulate, evenly tapering from the base or the middle, (10–)11–19 × 0.8–1.3 mm wide at the base, not, or rarely, twisted at base, broadly decurrent, adaxially slightly convex–slightly concave or canaliculate, with slightly prominent vein, abaxially with slightly prominent vein, with smooth, sometimes slightly revolute margins, with indistinctly to prominently and broadly decurrent leaf bases. Sporangia 1.5–2 mm wide.

­­­ Distribution:— Central America, Greater Antilles, Andes from Venezuela south to Bolivia, the Venezuelan and Brazilian Roraima Formation.

­­­ Habitats:— Upper montane forest, especially near the forest limit, usually on the forest floor, rarely epiphytic, in semishade, 2200–3400 m elev.

­­­ Notes:— Phlegmariurus hippurideus belongs to a group of closely related taxa of high montane forests throughout tropical America, including also P. arcuatus (B.Øllg.) B.Øllgaard , and the Brazilian P. nudus (Nessel) B. Øllgaard (2012a: 481) .

­­­ Specimens­­­examined:—Bocas­­­del­­­Toro: SE slopes of Cerro Echandi, 2600–2800 m, Gómez et al. 22243 (AAU). Parque Nacional La Amistad, Cerro Fábrega, 3250 m, Klitgaard et al. 839 (AAU, PMA). Ridge leading to end of main Fabrega ridge, 16.9 km NE of Estación Pittier, Knapp & Monro 9890 (PMA). Cerro Fábrega, ca. 1 km SE of peak, 3300 m, Monro et al. 4115 (PMA). Parque Nacional La Amistad, Cerro Pittier, 2900 m, Klitgaard et al. 735 (AAU, PMA). Slopes of Cerro Itamut, 12.1 km NE of Estación Pittier, 3000–3200 m, Knapp & Monro 9866, 9982 (PMA). Cerca del campamento en Cerro Itamut, 3228 m, Luque et al. 629 (PMA). Puntarenas/Bocas­­­del­­­Toro: Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerro de Echandi, on the international border, 3050–3160 m, Davidse et al. 23930 (AAU). Chiriquí: Cerro Copete, SW side, 2750 m, Allen 4890 (MO, US). Top of peak between Baru and Respingo, 3000 m, D’Arcy 10086 (MO). Mountain directly S of Cerro Respingo, 1500–2500 m, D’Arcy 10805 (MO, PMA). Crater of Volcán Barú, 3444 m, Ortega & Bastilla s.n. (PMA). Trail above saddle of Cerro Respingo, and Cerro Pavón Fila—Pavon, 2560–3050 m, D’Arcy 12899 (MO). Top of Falda del Barú above Cerro Punta and Alto Pineda, 3050–3170 m, D’Arcy 13303 (AAU, MO). N of Potrero Muleto, 3200 m, Hammel & D’Arcy 6444 (AAU, MO). S of Paso Respingo trail to high ridge N of volcano summit, 3300 m, Hammel et al. 6705 (AAU, MO). Ridge above Alto Pineda, 2750–3070 m, Hammel et al. 7127 (MO). Moist ravine above El Potrero Camp, Chiriquí volcano, Maxon 5375 (AAU, GH, M, MO, NY, P, RB, S, US). Along trail to Alto Respinga, above town of Cerro Punta, 2500–2800 m, Skog 4027 (E, MO, US). Casita Alta to Cerro Copete, 2300–3300 m, Woodson & Schery 366 (GH, US). Above El Potrero Camp, Volcán Chiriquí, 2900 m, Killip 5456 (photo US). Trail beyond Las Nubes to midway between Cerro Picacho and Cerro Punta, 1900–2200 m, Luteyn & Wilbur 4633 (photo DUKE).