Drosophila Subgenus Dudaica Strand, 1943

Katoh, Takehiro K., Zhang, Guang, Toda, Masanori J., Suwito, Awit & Gao, Jian-Jun, 2018, A revision of the subgenus Dudaica Strand of the genus Drosophila Fallen, with descriptions of six new species (Diptera, Drosophilidae), ZooKeys 781, pp. 19-50 : 19

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.27354
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8035F589-CED1-4CC3-AE43-B737FF782157
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scientific name	Drosophila Subgenus Dudaica Strand, 1943
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Drosophila Subgenus Dudaica Strand, 1943 View in CoL

Dudaica Strand, 1943: 212. New name for Macropalpus Duda.

Macropalpus Duda, 1926: 63. Type species: Drosophila senilis Duda, 1926. Preoccupied by Macropalpus Ratzeburg, 1844 ( Braconidae ). Proposed as a subgenus.

Diagnosis.

Head, scutum, and scutellum mostly milky white, contrasting with mostly dark brown thoracic pleura (Figures 2 View Figure 2 - 4 View Figure 4 ). Scutellum large, more or less rounded apically in dorsal view (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 ). Wing fuscous, somewhat wavy (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 ).

Common characters.

Head (Figures 2 View Figure 2 - 9 View Figure 9 ): Eye red, with dense interfacetal setulae; longest axis of eye slightly oblique (nearly rectangular in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.) against body axis. Ocellar triangle convex; ocellar setae inserted outside triangle made by ocelli. Anterior reclinate orbital seta situated slightly before proclinate orbital seta or just lateral to it (between proclinate and posterior reclinate orbital setae in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.) (Figure 4 View Figure 4 ). Pedicel dorsolaterally dark brown (Figure 4 View Figure 4 ); first flagellomere pubescent; arista with 6-8 dorsal and 2-4 ventral branches in addition to terminal bifurcation; terminal bifurcation moderate. Facial carina high, broad. Gena anteriorly dark brown. Occiput ventrally dark brown. Postgena medially dark brown. Postocellar setae present (Figure 5 View Figure 5 ). Supracervical setae tapered, thin, apically curved and slightly blunt (Figure 5 View Figure 5 ). Cibarium not thickened on anterior margin in lateral view (slightly thickened in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.); anterior portion slightly dilated; anterolateral corners slightly protruded; dorsal wall pear-shaped, with posterior portion oval; anterior sensilla four, arranged in square; medial sensilla apically sharp, arranged in anteriorly slightly convergent rows; posterior sensilla apically blunt, arranged in anteriorly divergent rows (Figures 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 ). Clypeus thick at median portion (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.) (Figures 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 ). Palpus distinctly large, long and broad (Figures 4 View Figure 4 , 9 View Figure 9 ) (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.), pubescent, setigerous, distally flat (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.) (Figures 9 View Figure 9 ). Prementum dark brown, swollen at the distal end in lateral view (Figure 8 View Figure 8 ). Labellum with five pseudotracheae per side.

Thorax (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 ): Postpronotal lobe with 1-3 prominent (lowermost the longest) and 0-4 short setae. Scutum narrowly dark brown along anteromost margin. Thoracic pleura mostly covered with broad, dark brown, more or less blurry, longitudinal stripes (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.). Basal scutellar setae divergent; apical scutellar setae cruciate. Acrostichal setulae in six, somewhat regular rows. Mid katepisternal seta much shorter than anterior and posterior ones, but distinct from setulae in row below it; caudoventral corner of katepisternum with one long, prominent seta.

Wing (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 ) pale grayish yellow to grayish yellow, elliptic, rounded distally (not so elliptic in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.), wrinkled especially at basal portion of R4+5; longitudinal veins brown except for R2+3 (pale brown), basal section of M1 (dark brown), and CuA1 (dark brown) (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.); crossveins shaded at r-m and dm-cu; C1 setae two, subequal; R2+3 distally slightly curved to costa; R4+5 basally diverged from M1, distally nearly parallel with M1; M1 more or less sinuate; A1 well developed, as stout as other veins. Halter entirely grayish yellow to grayish brown.

Legs (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 10A View Figure 10 , 11A View Figure 11 ) pale grayish yellow to grayish brown. Preapical dorsal setae present on tibiae of all legs; apical setae present on fore- and mid-leg tibiae. Foreleg first tarsomere with one subproximal and one apical, short, black spines.

Abdomen (Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 ): Tergite 1 nearly entirely dark brown, 2 to 6 pale yellow, each with anterior and caudal dark brown bands; anterior bands medially sometimes interrupted; caudal bands medially and laterally extended anteriad (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.). Female tergite 7 nearly entirely pale yellow. Sternites somewhat quadrate, grayish brown to dark brown.

Male terminalia (Figures 10B-K View Figure 10 , 11B-L View Figure 11 , 12A-K View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13 , 14A-K View Figure 14 , 15A-H View Figure 15 , 16 View Figure 16 ): Epandrium pale brown, pubescent except for anterior sub-dorsal to -ventral margin, ventrally narrowed, ventroapically rounded, with setae on caudodorsal and ventral portions; lobe-like apodeme present anterosubdorsally. Cercus dark brown, nearly entirely pubescent, separated from epandrium, caudoventrally with distinct process (except for Drosophila senilis and Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.). Surstylus more or less quadrangular; dorsoproximal portion broadly fused to epandrium, with sclerotized ridge connecting epandrium and surstylus (except for Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.); outer surface not pubescent, anterosubmedially concaved; caudal margin with a slightly sinuate row of peg-like, apically more or less roundish prensisetae decreasing in size ventrally; ventral portion with apically pointed spines on either inner or outer surface: spines on inner, subventral surface longer, somewhat curved upwards. Tenth sternite pale brown, moderately sclerotized, anteromedially wrinkled (flat in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.). Hypandrium narrowly triangular (except for Drosophila orthophallata sp. n. and Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.), anteriorly with narrow, well developed apodeme, not pubescent (except for Drosophila malayana , Drosophila gracilipalpis sp. n., and Drosophila puberula sp. n.), caudolaterally with a pair of somewhat expanded lobes; a pair of paramedian setae present on the portion fused to paramere. Paramere elongated, apically rounded in ventral view (except for Drosophila puberula sp. n.), ventrosubapically with 1-2 sensilla (three in Drosophila dissimilis sp. n.), basally fused to aedeagus, ventrally fused to hypandrium. Aedeagus rod-like, fused to aedeagal apodeme, pale brown to brown, apically darker, slightly curved dorsad (straight in Drosophila orthophallata sp. n.); aedeagal guide and basal processes absent; apodeme anteriorly expanded in lateral view, shorter than aedeagus.

Female terminalia (Figures 10L-N View Figure 10 , 11M-O View Figure 11 , 12L-N View Figure 12 , 14L-N View Figure 14 , 15I, J View Figure 15 ): Tergite 8 pale brown, pubescent dorsally to caudolaterally. Epiproct dark brown, entirely pubescent. Hypoproct dark brown, laterally pubescent. Sternite 7 grayish brown, caudally darker, caudomedially deeply notched, nearly entirely pubescent; setae on caudal portion rather long. Oviscapt valve with stout lateral and marginal ovisensilla increasing in size posteriad; apical ovisensillum stout and the largest, bent outwards. Spermathecal capsule pale brown, spherical.

Included species.

Drosophila senilis Duda, Drosophila malayana (Takada), Drosophila gracilipalpis Katoh & Gao, sp. n., Drosophila puberula Katoh & Gao, sp. n., Drosophila albipalpis Katoh, Toda & Gao, sp. n., Drosophila qiongzhouensis Katoh & Gao, sp. n., Drosophila orthophallata Katoh, Toda & Gao, sp. n., and Drosophila dissimilis Katoh & Gao, sp. n.

Key to the species

In this key, not only morphological characters but also the selected “pure” diagnostic nucleotide sites of COI are used to distinguish between Drosophila albipalpis sp. n. and Drosophila qiongzhouensis sp. n. (see also Table 2 View Table 2 ). The numbers of cited figures of Duda (1926) and Gupta and Sundaran (1990) are given as figure D26 and figure G&S90, respectively.

1	Palpus sinuate, with several stout setae only on basal portion (Figures 4A, B View Figure 4 , 9A, B View Figure 9 ; figure D26-13)	2
-	Palpus nearly straight, with several stout setae scattered on entire length (Figures 11C-G View Figure 11 , 16C-G View Figure 16 )	4
2	Cercus without distinct caudoventral process (figure G&S90-2E)	Drosophila senilis Duda, 1926
-	Cercus with distinct caudoventral process (Figures 10F View Figure 10 , 11F View Figure 11 )	3
3	Foreleg tibia with two apical setae (Figure 10A View Figure 10 )	Drosophila malayana (Takada, 1976)
-	Foreleg tibia with one apical seta (Figure 11A View Figure 11 )	Drosophila gracilipalpis Katoh & Gao, sp. n.
4	Palpus medio- to baso-laterally dark grayish brown, with one apical, stout, prominent seta (Figure 9G View Figure 9 ); postpronotal lobe brownish white in upper half, dark brown in lower half (Figure 3C View Figure 3 ); notopleuron brownish white (Figure 3C View Figure 3 ); cercus without caudoventral process (Figure 16C, E View Figure 16 )	Drosophila dissimilis Katoh & Gao, sp. n.
-	Palpus entirely white, without apical, prominent seta (Figure 9C-F View Figure 9 ); postpronotal lobe entirely dark brown (Figures 2C, D View Figure 2 , 3A, B View Figure 3 ); notopleuron dark brown (Figures 2C, D View Figure 2 , 3A, B View Figure 3 ); cercus with distinct caudoventral process (Figures 12 View Figure 12 - 14E View Figure 14 , 7C View Figure 7 )	5
5	Palpus with 3-4 prominent, stout setae on outer, lateral surface (Figure 9C View Figure 9 ); hypandrium pubescent on the portion fused to paramere (Figure 12I, J View Figure 12 ); paramere apically sharp (Figure 12I-K View Figure 12 ); female abdominal tergite 8 caudodorsally lacking setae	Drosophila puberula Katoh & Gao, sp. n.
-	Palpus with many setae varied in size on outer, lateral surface (Figure 9D-F View Figure 9 ); hypandrium not pubescent; paramere apically round in ventral view, round or truncate in lateral view (Figures 13J, K View Figure 13 , 14J, K View Figure 14 , 15G, H View Figure 15 ); female abdominal tergite 8 caudodorsally with 3-4 setae	6
6	Aedeagus apically without small, acute claw, subapically swollen in lateral view (Figure 15G View Figure 15 ); oviscapt valve with 17-19 marginal ovisensilla (Figure 15I, J View Figure 15 )	Drosophila orthophallata Katoh, Toda & Gao, sp. n.
-	Aedeagus apically with small, acute claw, subapically not swollen in lateral view (Figures 13H, I View Figure 13 , 14H, I View Figure 14 ); oviscapt valve with ca. 14 marginal ovisensilla (Figure 14L, M View Figure 14 )	7
7	Palpus broad, flat, not so rod-shaped in lateral view (Figure 9D View Figure 9 ); paramere apically truncated in lateral view (Figure 13K View Figure 13 ); nucleotide status in COI sequence = T (thymidine), T, C (cytosine), and T at sites 92, 226, 391, and 589, respectively (Table 3 View Table 3 )	Drosophila albipalpis Katoh, Toda & Gao, sp. n.
-	Palpus slender, not so flat, somewhat rod-shaped in lateral view (Figure 9E View Figure 9 ); paramere apically rounded in lateral view (Figure 14K View Figure 14 ); nucleotide status in COI sequence = C, C, T, and C at sites 92, 226, 391, and 589, respectively (Table 3 View Table 3 )	Drosophila qiongzhouensis Katoh & Gao, sp. n.