Copelatus rosulae Hájek, Jiang, & Jia, 2022

Jiang, Zhuo-Yin, Zhao, Shuang, Yang, Zhen-Yu, Jia, Feng-Long & Hájek, Jiří, 2022, A review of Copelatus Erichson, 1832 of Mainland China, with description of ten new species from the japonicus complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), Zootaxa 5124 (3), pp. 251-295 : 269-270

Copelatus rosulae Hájek, Jiang, & Jia sp. nov.

( Figs 20 , 57–58 )

Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Pianma Township , ca. 26°01′N 98°37′E, 1900 m .

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( SYSU), labelled: “ 云南省泸水县片Ljdz / 26.01N 98.62E / 1908m 2016-V-19 / 唐余丹 张 Ṅae // CHINA: Yunnan Province / Lushui County / Pianma Township / 26.01N, 98.62E / 1908 m, 19.v.2016 / Y. Tang & R. Zhang leg. [p] // HOLOTYPE / COPELATUS / rosulae sp. nov. / Hájek, Jiang & Jia det. 2021 [red label, p]” . Paratypes: 12 ♂, 17 ♀, same label data as holotype ( SYSU) ; 1 ♀, labelled: “ CHINA: Yunnan Province / Lushui County / Pianma Township , S316 / 25.9956N, 98.6548E / 2504.9 m, 15.v.2021 / Z. Jiang, Z. Yang & Z. Mai leg. [p]” ( SYSU) ; 7 ♂, 6 ♀, labelled: “ CHINA: YUNNAN Prov. / Gaoligong Mts NNR / E of Kongshu vill., 2035-2230m / 25°43.2-5′N, 98°34.4-40.0′E / J. Hájek & J. Růžička leg. [p] // 1.vii.2016; pasture / individually from densely / vegetated pool near river [p]” ( JSCL, NHMW, NMPC, ZSMG) . All paratypes with the respective paratype label .

Description of male holotype. Habitus ( Fig. 20 ) oblong-oval, with continuous outline, broadest in anterior 1/3 of elytral length, slightly convex. Dorsal surface shiny.

Colouration. Head dark brown, clypeus reddish brown; pronotum brown blackish, laterally broadly orangebrown; elytra dark brown, base with rather indistinct, orange brown transverse band not reaching suture; appendages orange brown; ventral side brown blackish.

Head. Moderately broad, ca. 0.63× width of pronotum, semicircular. Anterior margin of clypeus indistinctly concave. Antenna with antennomeres long and slender. Reticulation consisting of moderately deeply impressed polygonal isodiametric meshes. Punctation double, consisting of coarse setigerous punctures, and fine punctures spread sparsely on surface; row of coarse punctures present alongside inner margin of eyes, several punctures present at frontal level of eyes, and antero-laterally to eyes in fronto-clypeal depressions; fine punctures smaller and sparser on clypeus, becoming larger and more dense posteriorly.

Pronotum. Transverse (width/length ratio = 2.82), broadest between posterior angles, lateral margins moderately curved. Lateral sides with beading thin but distinct except for anterior angles. Reticulation similar to that of head. Punctation similar to that of head; rows of coarse setigerous punctures present along anterior margin, laterally close to sides, several punctures present also in shallow baso-lateral depressions along basal margin. Pronotum basolaterally and especially laterally with irregular wrinkles and several short longitudinal strioles. Centre of disc with shallowly impressed medial longitudinal smooth line.

Elytra. Base of elytra as broad as pronotal base; lateral margins of elytra slightly diverging in basal third, then distinctly narrowing to apex. Six discal and one submarginal longitudinal striae present on each elytron: stria 1 fragmented in basal fourth, ending close to apex; striae 2–4, 6 beginning at base; stria 5 beginning slightly posteriorly to base; striae 2–5 ending subapically, even striae generally shorter than odd striae; stria 6 ending at apical fourth; submarginal stria long, beginning before elytral mid-length and ending at apical fourth. Reticulation similar to that of head and pronotum, but less impressed. Punctation consisting of coarse setigerous punctures and very fine sparse punctures; coarse punctures present along elytral striae and lateral margins of elytra.

Legs. Protibia modified, angled near base, distinctly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 distinctly broadened, with four rows of adhesive setae on their ventral side; claws simple.

Ventral side. Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex obtuse; process distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation not perceptible. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes, laterally with elongate strioles; lateral parts of metaventrite (“metasternal wings”) tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines nearly complete, absent only close to metaventrite. Metacoxal plates covered with short, oblique strioles; reticulation consisting of elongate, longitudinal or oblique polygonal meshes. Metacoxal processes rounded at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I–II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III–IV with oblique strioles laterally. Tuft of setae present antero-medially on ventrites III–V; ventrite VI with setigerous punctures laterally on either side.Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I–II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV–VI. Punctation consisting of fine, sparsely distributed punctures.

Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view simple, sickle-shaped, continuously narrowing to pointed apex ( Fig. 57 ). Parameres moderately broad, ‘D’-shaped; apex short and broad; apical lobes long, clubshaped ( Fig. 58 ).

Female. Identical to male in habitus. Protibia simple, not angled basally and only slightly broadened distally; pro- and mesotarsomeres not broadened, without adhesive setae. Females dimorphic; smooth form differs from male in more developed striolation laterally on pronotum; striolate form submatt, with long but rather fine and sparsely distributed strioles in basal two thirds of elytra.

Variability. All specimens of the type series are rather uniform. There is only slight variability in dorsal surface colouration, especially in extent and brightness of pale basal band on elytra. Minor variability can be seen also in number and length of strioles presenting laterally on pronotum. Elytral stria 1 is complete (beginning at base) in some specimens, but it is fragmented or absent up to mid-length of elytra in other specimens.

Measurements. TL: 5.1–5.9 mm (mean value: 5.5 ± 0.2 mm); holotype: 5.6 mm. TL-h: 4.7–5.1 mm (mean value: 4.9 ± 0.1 mm); holotype: 5.1 mm. MW: 2.5–2.8 mm (mean value: 2.7 ± 0.1 mm); holotype: 2.7 mm.

Differential diagnosis. Based on the presence of six dorsal striae and a submarginal stria on each elytron, the new species can be classified within Copelatus irinus species group. Elongate habitus, complete elytral striation and male median lobe without distinct process place C. rosulae sp. nov. in the C. japonicus complex. Within the complex, the new species can be undoubtedly recognised only based on the shape of male genitalia: with the shape of simple slender arc, the median lobe of the new species is very similar to that of C. malaisei , however, the arc is deeper in the C. rosulae sp. nov., and the narrowing apical part is longer and slenderer with pointed apex turned distinctly dorsally (see Figs 41 and 57 ). In addition, most of the specimens of C. rosulae sp. nov. have elytral stria 1 fragmented or absent at the base, while all specimens of C. malaisei have elytral stria 1 complete (beginning at elytral base); striolate females of C. rosulae sp. nov. have sparsely distributed shorter strioles in basal two thirds of elytra, while all studied females of C. malaisei have densely distributed longer strioles on pronotum and elytra except for the apex.

Collection details. The specimens from Kongshu were collected in a deep, exposed pool near the river; the diameter of the pool was ca. 3 m, littoral was densely vegetated, bottom muddy ( Fig. 77 ).

Etymology. The species is dedicated to Jan Růžička (Praha, Czech Republic), a specialist on Silphidae and Leiodidae , who accompanied one of us (JH) on many Chinese collecting trips. The Latin noun rosula (-ae, femininum) is a translation of the surname “Růžička”, meaning “a small rose” in Czech. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive singular.

Distribution. So far known only from two close localities in Gaoligong mountains, western Yunnan, China ( Fig. 82 ).

Figures

FIGURE 82. Map of distribution of Copelatus in China Mainland.

FIGURES 17–20. Habitus of Copelatus in China. 17. C. puzhelongi sp. nov. (holotype ♂; Pu’er, Yunnan); 18. C. puzhelongi sp. nov. (paratype ♀; Pu’er, Yunnan); 19. C. rimosus (♂; Dali, Yunnan); 20. C. rosulae (paratype ♂; Pianma, Yunnan). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURES 51–62. Male genitalia of Copelatus. 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61. median lobe in lateral view; 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62. paramere. 51–52. C. parallelus (Yushuwan, Hunan); 53. C. puzhelongi sp. nov. (a. holotype, Pu’er, Yunnan; b. Huanglianshan, Yunnan; c. Houaphanh, Laos); 54. C. puzhelongi sp. nov. (holotype, Pu’er, Yunnan); 55–56. C. rimosus (Dali, Yunnan); 57. C. rosulae sp. nov. (a. holotype, Pianma, Yunnan; b. Kongshu, Yunnan); 58. C. rosulae sp. nov. (Kongshu, Yunnan); 59–60. C. sociennus (Hengqin Island, Guangdong); 61–62. C. tenebrosus (Hengqin Island, Guangdong). Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 39–50. Male genitalia of Copelatus. 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49. median lobe in lateral view; 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50. paramere. 39–40. C. japonicus (Shanghai); 41. C. malaisei (a. Gaoligongshan, Yunnan; b. Renjiafen, Yunnan); 42. C. malaisei (Renjiafen, Yunnan); 43–44. C. miaowangi sp. nov. (paratype, Liupanshui, Guizhou); 45–46. C. mopanshanensis sp. nov. (holotype, Mopanshan, Yunnan); 47–48. C. nanlingensis sp. nov. (holotype, Dadongshan, Guangdong); 49–50. C. oblitus (Macao). Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 71–78. Habitat of Copelatus in China. 71. Tianmushan, Zhejiang (C. chinensis); 72. Jinggangshan, Jiangxi (C. dentatipenis sp. nov.); 73. Tongbiguan, Yunnan (C. diversistriatus sp. nov.). 74. Dadongshan, Guangdong (C. nanlingensis sp. nov.); 75. Macao (C. oblitus in wet soil); 76. Dali, Yunnan (C. rimosus); 77. Kongshu, Yunnan (C. rosulae sp. nov.); 78. Danxiashan, Guangdong (C. oblitus and C. zimmermanni).