Pteroptyx

Ballantyne, Lesley, Fu, Xin Hua, Shih, Chun-Hat, Cheng, Chui-Yu & Yiu, Vor, 2011, Pteroptyx maipo Ballantyne, a new species of bent-winged firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Hong Kong, and its relevance to firefly biology and conservation, Zootaxa 2931, pp. 8-34 : 11-12

Key to species of Pteroptyx from SE Asia using males

( Figs 7–32 )

1. Light organ in V7 entire; flanges present on ventral surface of tergite 8; MFC absent; aedeagal sheath lacking paraprocts; lateral lobes of aedeagus separated for most of their dorsal length; having orange pronotum and dark brown elytra............................................................................................................ amilae Satô

- Light organ in V7 bipartite; flanges usually absent on the ventral surface of tergite 8; MFC present (e.g. Fig. 22 ); aedeagal sheath with paraprocts ( Figs 15, 16 ); lateral lobes of aedeagus separated along their dorsal length for less than half their length ( Fig. 14 ); colour often pale brownish yellow with black elytral apices...................................................... 2

2. V7 with slender incurving hair bearing lobes along its posterior margin between PLP and MPP (arrowed in Figs 9, 10 ); LOs in V7 restricted to very small anterolateral plaques; PLP of V7 narrowed and considerably produced beyond the posterior margin of the MPP; T8 prolonged apically beyond MPP with margins converging posteriorly ( Figs 9, 10 )......... macdermotti McLean

- V7 lacking slender incurving hair bearing lobes along its posterior margin between PLP and MPP of that ventrite; LOs in V7 never restricted to very small anterolateral plaques; if posterolateral processes of V7 narrowed then not produced far beyond the posterior margin of MPP if at all; T8 not as above.............................................................. 3

3. Tergite 8 bearing slender elongate lobes along its posterior margin to either side of the posterior median emargination ( Figs 7, 13 ); flanges on ventral surface of tergite 8 absent; basitarsi of legs 2 excavated in its inner margin ( Fig. 11 )............... 4

- Tergite 8 lacking slender elongate lobes along its posterior margin to either side of the median posterior emargination (e.g. Figs 8, 17 , 19, 24 ); flanges may be present on ventral surface of tergite 8............................................... 7

4. Posterior margin of tergite 8 strongly asymmetrical especially when viewed from above; posterior margin of tergite 7 broadly and shallowly emarginate; elytral apices broadly rounded (C> A or B); all FS simple; posterolateral corners of V7 produced and rounded............................................................................. asymmetria Ballantyne

- Posterior margin of tergite 8 symmetrical or nearly so ( Figs 7 , 19, 24 ); if any asymmetry present this is in the paired lobes arising at each side of the median posterior emargination, and not an asymmetry of the entire posterior margin; elytral apices rounded or margin B obliquely truncate; flagellar segment 1 slightly expanded in median area in decolor ; posterolateral corners of V7 produced and rounded, or not produced and angulate; posterior margin of tergite 8 deeply emarginated in middle area with posterolateral corners produced and rounded, or barely and very narrowly emarginated in median line only..................... 5

5. Posterolateral processes of V 7 angulate, not or scarcely produced posteriorly ( Figs 7, 12 ); posterior margin of V7 between PLP and MPP slightly sinuate; posterior margin of T7 with narrowed angulate corners and a small shallow median emargination (margin appears trisinuate); elytral apices obliquely truncate across most of their anterior (outer) margin (C)...... tener Olivier

- Posterolateral processes of V7 rounded obtuse, and produced posteriorly; posterior margin of V7 between PLP and MPP with moderately deep and rounded emarginations; posterior margin of tergite 7 deeply emarginated in middle area with posterolateral corners produced and rounded; posterior margin of T7 not appearing trisinuate; elytral apices C rounded or truncate......... 6

6. Dorsal surface entirely pale coloured except for dark markings at tip of elytra, head and anterior margin of scape pale yellow with labrum dark brown; elytral apices rounded.................................................... decolor Olivier

- Elytra pale brown, semitransparent, with lateral margin paler than rest; if elytra pale then at least base and apex brown; head pale brown, with labrum slightly darker; elytral apex B obliquely truncate................................ similis Ballantyne

7. Deflexed elytral apex shortened (wider than long) ( Fig. 23 ); tibiae 3 not expanded; basitarsi 3 not swollen; fine ventrally directed flanges on ventral surface of tergite 8 absent; PLP separated from MPP by moderately deep circular emarginations ( Fig. 18 ); apices of PLP broad, flat, slightly obliquely truncate; posterior margin of T7 not emarginated and posterolateral corners not produced; lateral margins of tergite 8 rounded.................................................... truncata Ballantyne

- Deflexed elytral apex not shortened (i.e. about as wide as long); tibiae 3 often expanded at apex and basitarsi 3 may be swollen ( Fig. 26 ); fine ventrally directed flanges may be present on the ventral surface of tergite 8 ( Fig. 17 ); PLP separated from MPP by moderately deep circular emarginations or not; apices of PLP sometimes flat, slightly obliquely truncate; posterior margin of T7 usually emarginated and posterolateral corners produced; lateral margins of tergite 8 rounded or straight and converging anteriorly..................................................................................................8

8. Posterior end of elytra dimpled ( Figs 20, 21 ); wide deep emarginations separating elongate narrow PLP from MPP; apices of PLP narrow and rounded; posterolateral corners of T8 angulate and lateral margins converge anteriorly; posterolateral corners of T7 narrowed and may project and are often visible from beneath in the emarginations between PLP and MPP ( Fig. 19 )............................................................................................ gelasina Ballantyne

- Posterior end of elytra not dimpled; either wide emarginations separating elongate PLP from MPP, or emarginations scarce; apices of PLP often slightly oblique, or PLP broadly rounded and scarcely produced; posterolateral corners of T8 angulate and lateral margins converge anteriorly or corners and lateral margins rounded; posterolateral corners of T7 not usually visible from beneath in the emarginations between PLP and MPP........................................................... 9

9. Posterolateral corners of V7 rounded or angulate, scarcely produced; MPP of V7 broad and apex almost squarely truncate or slightly rounded in ventral view and perpendicular to horizontal plane; median dorsal surface of MPP may be narrowly prolonged and apically emarginated.......................................................................... 10

- PLP of V7 elongate, longer than wide, produced and apically obliquely truncated; MPP of V7 narrower and apex emarginated (emargination visible from beneath); median dorsal surface of MPP not developed ( Figs 24, 25 )........................................................................................... masatakai Kawashima , malaccae (Gorham) 1

10 Dorsal surface of MPP of V7 strongly prolonged and apically narrowly emarginated......................................................................... sulawesiensis Kawashima ; valida Olivier sensu Ballantyne (2001 Group 2:81) 2

- Dorsal surface of MPP either lacking a median posterior projection or with a slight projection......................... 11

11. Elytral apices strongly deflexed ( Fig. 32 ); posterior margin of outer area of elytral apex grooved; LO in V7 well separated in the middle ( Figs 27, 31 )............................................ valida Olivier sensu Ballantyne (2001) Groups 1, 3 3

- Elytral apices not strongly deflexed ( Fig. 2 ); posterior margin of outer area of elytral apex not grooved; LO in V7 contiguous in the middle ( Fig. 2 )........................................................................... maipo sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 7 – 17. Key characters Males 1. 7, 11, 12 Pteroptyx tener (Limbang ANIC): 7 abdomen dorsal; 11 middle leg apex of tibia and tarsus (basitarsus arrowed); 12 terminal abdomen ventral. 8, 14 – 17 P. m a i p o sp. nov.: 8 dorsal abdomen; 14 aedeagus dorsal (arrows indicate from top – base of lateral lobes, anterior end of separation of lateral lobes, apices of lateral lobes); 15, 16 aedeagal sheath left lateral (paraprocts arrowed), ventral (paraprocts arrowed); 17 ventral surface tergite 8 flanges arrowed. 9, 10 P. macdermotti (Philippines, Donsol ANIC): 9 ventral abdomen posterior end to left (PLP posterolateral projections, MPP median posterior projection; T 8 tergite 8; incurving lobes of V 7 arrowed); 10 dorsal posterior abdomen posterior end to left. 13 P. similis paratype male (Malaysia Kinarut ANIC): dorsal terminal abdomen (lobes bordering median emargination of tergite 8 posterior margin arrowed).

FIGURES 18 – 26. Key characters Males 2. 18, 23 Pteroptyx truncata paratype male (Indonesia ANIC): 18 ventral abdomen; 23 ventral deflexed elytral apex. 19 – 21 P. gelasina paratype male (Malaysia Sabah ANIC): 19 terminal abdomen dorsal; 20, 21 elytral apices dorsal (20) and ventral (terminal emarginations of the elytra are arrowed). 22 P. macdermotti (Philippines Donsol ANIC): ventral posterior body and hind legs, MFC arrowed. 24 – 26 P. malaccae (24, 25 Thailand Kon Karn ANIC; 26 Nam Heng ANIC): 24 dorsal abdomen; 25 ventral abdomen; 26 ventral left hind leg.

FIGURES 27 – 32. Key characters Males 3. Pteroptyx valida Group 2 in Ballantyne (2001) (Kuala Selangor 27, 28, 31, 32; Bali 29, 30 ANIC): 27, 31 ventral abdomen; 28 dorsal abdomen; 29 ventral V 6, 7; 30 right face, lateral projection of MPP, dorsal surface uppermost; 32 ventral elytral apices.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Pteroptyx maipo sp. nov. Paratype males (Mai Po) 1 (dorsal), 2 (ventral); paratype females 3 (dorsal), 4 (ventral); larva 5 (ventral), 6 (dorsal head to right).