Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha ( Gautier, 1962 ) VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 42-45

Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha ( Gautier, 1962) n. comb.

( Fig. 21 , Table 5)

Cellularia reptans (Linnaeus) : Waters 1879: 117. [Naples]

Not Sertularia reptans Linnaeus, 1758, p. 815 . [No Locality, but possibly British Isles]

Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha Gautier, 1962: 90 , fig. 12. [Mediterranean]

? Scrupocellaria macrorhynchus Gautier : Prenant & Bobin 1966: 412 (part), fig. 135.I (not figs 135.II–VI). [Mediterranean] Scrupocellaria macrochyncha Gautier : Hayward 1974: 370, 399. [Aegean Sea]

Not Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha Gautier : Zabala i Limosin 1986: 318, fig. 88, pls 3A, B, D, [Mediterranean]

Material examined. Lectotype (chosen here). NHMUK 1965.9 .2.4 ( Fig. 21 ), Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha, Y.V. Gautier Collection, Mediterranean, Station 258 . Additional specimens. NHMUK 1874.4 .25.34, Cellaria reptans, A.W. Waters det., A.W. Waters Collection, 40 fath. (73 m), Naples (Secca), Italy, Mediterranean . NHMUK 1975.7 .1.29, Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha, P.J. Hayward det., Chios, Cape Mastika . NHMUK 1975.1 .12.434, Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha, P.J. Hayward det., Chios, Aegean Sea, Station 57 .

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across proximal end of opesia in zooids C and D at bifurcation; zooids alternatin, with adjacent zooids slightly back-to-back, forming an angle at axis of branches; 2 inner and 2–3 outer distal spines; large stout scutum, its tip highly branched, fully developed and completely covering whole opesia; small distolateral avicularium obscured by outer oral spines; dimorphic elongate frontal avicularia with hooked tip; vibracular chamber on basal surface of zooids, almost lateral; rhizoids smooth; ooecium with small rounded pseudopores.

Redescription. Colony erect, branched, with branches comprising 9–21 alternating zooids. Internodes slender, almost straight, angled at axis, with acute bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across proximal opesia of outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D), and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids cylindrical with straight sides. Oval opesia occupying three quarters of zooidal length; cryptocyst reduced to narrow rim around opesia. Large scutum inserted at midline of inner edge of opesia, stout, its tip highly branched, fully developed and completely covering entire opesia. Distal spines short, unbranched; 2 inner and 3–4 outer spines, with outer distal spines closer to scutum; axial zooid with 5 spines. Very small distolateral avicularium rarely present and obscured by outer oral spines. Frontal avicularia dimorphic: a very small avicularium with triangular mandible often present in inner zooids of each internode, close to inner proximal opesial margin; large frontal avicularia with elongate mandible often present in outer zooids of each internode; elongate rostrum, 0.264 – 0.290 mm long, with fringed edge, proximally directed, with strongly hooked tip; mandible long, hooked distally. Vibracular chamber laterally placed on basal surface of each zooid, conspicuous in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum almost trapezoidal, with a proximal rhizoidal foramen; setal groove transverse to internode axis, straight, with smooth seta longer than one autozooid. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular and smooth. Ovicells globular, with slightly raised and straight proximal rim; ectooecium perforated by 12– 19 small rounded pores; ovicelled zooids with 2 inner and 2 outer spines.

1 NHMUK 1911.10.1.353, British Isles. 2 NHMUK 1965.9.2.4, Mediterranean; measurements of autozooids and opesia from Gautier (1962). 3 NHMUK 1963.3.6.35, British Isles. 4 NHMUK 1963.8.2.16, Egypt. 5 NHMUK 2010.12.6.1, Arisaig, Scotland.

Remarks. Gautier (1962) noted morphological similarities between Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha and Cradoscrupocellaria reptans , but distinguished them by the number of zooids per internode (shorter in C. reptans ), colony shape (erect in C. macrorhyncha ), number of oral spines (six in C. macrorhyncha vs four or five in C. reptans ), shape of frontal avicularia (longer and proximally directed in C. macrorhyncha ), position of vibracular chamber and surface of ooecium. Gautier’s specimen ( Gautier 1962, fig. 12; NHMUK 1965.9.2.4, see Fig. 21 ) is here designated the lectotype. The specimen named Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha by Prenant and Bobin (1966, figs. 135.II–VI) has the same number of oral spines, but is readily distinguished by the shape of the frontal avicularia and its wider branches; this specimen requires re-examination and probably belongs to a different species.

The Mediterranean specimens recorded as Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha by Zabala i Limosin (1986) were reassigned to Scrupocellaria reptans by Zabala and Maluquer (1988). They are distinct, however, from C. macrorhyncha , C. ellisi and C. reptans in the shape of the scuta and frontal avicularia. These specimens may belong to a new undescribed species, conspecific with specimens assigned to Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha by Prenant and Bobin (1966).

Three other specimens deposited at NHMUK are here assigned to C. macrorhyncha : two specimens from Chios (Aegean Sea) labelled by Hayward (1974) as Scrupocellaria macrorhyncha (NHMUK 1975.1.12.434; NHMUK 1975.7.1.29) and the specimen misidentified as Cellularia reptans (NHMUK 1874.4.25.34; labeled as Cellaria reptans ) from Naples by Waters (1879).

Distribution. Mediterranean (Naples, Golf of Marseille, Scilly and Tunisia) and Aegean Sea; 1– 80 m.

Figures

FIGURE 21. Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha (Gautier, 1962) n. comb. A–F, NHMUK 1965.9.2.4, lectotype, Mediterranean. A, Frontal surface of branch; note the ovicelled zooid at upper right. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation. C, Close-up of a zooid and gigantic frontal avicularium. D, Lateral view of gigantic frontal avicularium; note the fringed rostrum of the avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.