Torobus Herman, 2001

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2018, A Review of the Genera Dysanellus Bernhauer and Torobus Herman (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (2), pp. 279-291 : 285-287

Torobus Herman, 2001

( Figs. 3–4 , 7–8 , 10 , 14–15 , 19–24 , 26 )

Type Species. Staphylinus purpurascens Nordmann , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Torobus , as it is defined in this paper to only include T. laetipes and T. purpurascens , can be distinguished from other Xanthopygina by the combination of the following characters: right mandible with bicuspid tooth; labial palpomere 3 dilated (but not securiform; Fig. 10 unfortunately does not provide the best view of this structure); antennomeres 6–10 transverse; disc of pronotum impunctate (at most with 2–3 scattered punctures); postcoxal process present; and porose structure on abdominal sternum VII of males present.

Description. Habitus as in Figs. 3–4 , body medium to large size, 13.2–20.1 mm in total length. Color of head metallic green, yellow-red, or purple; pronotum metallic dark blue-green or purple; elytra orange or blue-purple; legs, mouthparts, and antennae orange or brown, abdomen brown except VIII orange (in T. laetipes and some specimens of T. purpurascens ).

Head transverse with medium-sized to large, setose punctures around margin of head and microsculpture; with various punctures and sculpture on epicranium; head appearing rounded or as rectangle. Anterior margin of clypeus straight or slightly emarginate; anteclypeus expanded. Eyes medium size, occupying approximately 1/2 lateral margins of head. Ventral surface of head with transverse or polygonal microsculpture and scattered medium-size punctures; postoccipital suture and ventral basal ridge present; infraorbital ridge well-delineated; postmandibular ridge present, prominent, extending from near mandible to lateral side of head; gular sutures separated anteriorly, converging medially and separating again posteriorly; nuchal depression prominent, forming well-defined neck; neck with microsculpture and micropunctures.

Antennomeres 1–4 with multiple rows of macrosetae; antennomeres 5–11 with macrosetae but also with microtrichiae; antennomeres 1–4 longer than wide; antennomere 5 subquadrate; antennomeres 6–11 transverse; antennomere 1 twice as long as antennomere 2; antennomere 3 longer than 2; antennomeres 4 shorter than 3; antennomere 5 longer than 4; antennomeres 7–10 gradually increase in size, slightly asymmetrical.

Mouthparts with labrum medially emarginate to its base. Mandibles large, curved, blunt; left mandible with bicuspid tooth; right mandible with an elongate tooth; mandibles with dorsolateral groove extending from condyle to just above tooth; prostheca setose. Maxilla with galea and lacinia densely setose; maxillary palpi 4-segmented; P 1 small, about 1/3 as long as P 2; P 2 curved, elongate, longer than P 3; P 2 –P 3 with large setae apically; P 4 elongate, longer than P 3. Submentum with 1 long and 1 shorter anterolateral setae in each end; labial palpi 3- segmented; P 1 subequal in length to P 2; both P 1 and P 2 with several long setae; P 3 with distal end dilated but not securiform.

Pronotum longer than wide to quadrate; lateral margins of pronotum slightly concave in dorsal aspect; pronotum broadest in apical 1/3 and narrower at basal angles. Hypomeron expanded, with microsculpture and few micropunctures; superior and inferior marginal lines of hypomeron separate throughout their lengths; superior line fully visible from above, extending around anterolateral margin of pronotum and contacting inferior line at neck fossa; no portion of dorsum of pronotum visible from below. Pronotum without rows of punctures on disc. Postcoxal process present, elongate.

Mesoscutellum prominent, long, with dense polygonal microsculpture and micropunctures; with multiple rows of small punctures. Basisternum with dense, polygonal microsculpture and carina; anterior marginal depression present; furcasternum with medial carina pointed vertically; furcasternum with polygonal microsculpture.

Elytral width subequal to pronotal width; with shallow or deep punctures and rugose microsculpture; elytra appearing matte due to microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed. Mesoventrite with anterior margin forming “lip”; with dense, polygonal microsculpture and few punctures along edges; without median carina. Metaventrite with mediumsized punctures; metaventral process small, rounded, with v-shaped emargination.

Tarsal segmentation 5-5-5; meso- and metatibiae with multiple rows of spurs. Protarsus enlarged in both sexes, with spatulate setae ventrally; meso- and metatarsi not enlarged. Empodium with 2 small setae.

Abdomen with paired protergal glands present; abdomen expanding from segment III to segment V (widest) and then becoming narrower towards segment VIII. Abdominal terga III–V with basal carina; tergum III with faint subbasal (arch-like) carina; tergum IV with faint subbasal (arch-like) carina in T. laetipes slightly less delineated in T. purpurascens . Segments with sparse (more or less uniform) small punctures and microsculpture. Males with secondary sexual structures on sterna VIII–IX; porose structure present on sternum VII. Lateral tergal sclerites of abdominal segment IX long and straight, covered with long macrosetae. Male genitalia with aedeagus typical of Xanthopygina ( Figs. 19–24 ); median lobe wider than paramere; median lobe with a dorsal tooth; paramere long, not divided into lobes. Paramere with peg setae and short apical setae. Spermatheca not sclerotized.

Synoptic Catalogue. The catalogue presented below follows the format of the catalogue presented in Herman (2001b), and its purpose here is to clarify the status of all taxa assigned to Torobus in the past. For the complete catalogue entry details, see Herman (2001b).

Torobus Herman 2001a: 29 (species included: T. badiipennis , T. brasilianus , T. chloris , T. erithacus , T. fassli , T. laetipes , T. mautnermarkhofi , T. principalis , T. purpurascens ).

badiipennis Nordmann 1837: 25 (Creophilus) , in Terataki Chatzimanolis ( Chatzimanolis 2013) .

brasilianus Bernhauer 1906: 327 (Trigonurus) . Originally described as Trigonurus brasilianus , this species is recognized as a junior synonym of Staphylinus purpurascens Nordmann , new synonymy.

chloris Nordmann 1837: 26 (Creophilus) , in Terataki ( Chatzimanolis 2013) , as a junior synonym of Terataki erithacus .

erithacus Nordmann 1837: 25 (Creophilus) , in Terataki ( Chatzimanolis 2013) , = Terataki erithracus ; Chatzimanolis 2013: 260 (subsequent misspelling). Note: Name consistently spelled erithracus throughout publication.

fassli Bernhauer 1917: 113 (Trigonopselaphus) , in Phanolinopsis Scheerpeltz ( Chatzimanolis 2017a) .

laetipes Bernhauer 1911: 418 (Trigonopselaphus) .

mautnermarkhofi Scheerpeltz 1972: 43 (Trigonopselaphus) . This species is here transferred to Scariphaeus Erichson as Scariphaeus mautnermarkhofi (Scheerpeltz) new combination. More details and illustrations of this species will be given in a subsequent revision of Scariphaeus .

principalis Bernhauer 1911: 416 (Trigonopselaphus) , in Ocyolinus Sharp ( Chatzimanolis 2017b) .

purpurascens Nordmann 1837: 47 (Staphylinus) .

Figures

Figs. 3–4. Torobus species, habitus. 3) T. laetipes, total length = 17.2 mm; 4) T. purpurascens, total length = 18.3 mm.

Figs. 7–8. Heads and pronota of Torobus species. 7) T. laetipes; 8) T. purpurascens. Not to scale.

Figs. 9–10. Head, ventral view. 9. Dysanellus transverserugosus; 10) Torobus laetipes. Not to scale.

Figs. 13–15. Abdominal sterna VII and VIII. Arrows indicate the position of porose structure. 13) Dysanellus transverserugosus (While there is a broad area with no setae on VII, it is not clear if there is a porose structure. See text for more details); 14) Torobus laetipes; 15) Torobus purpurascens. Not to scale.

Figs. 19–21. Aedeagus of Torobus laetipes. 19) Dorsal view; 20) Lateral view; 21) Paramere, ventral view.

Figs. 22–24. Aedeagus of Torobus purpurascens. 22) Dorsal view; 23) Lateral view; 24) Paramere, ventral view.

Fig. 26. Distribution map of Torobus laetipes and Torobus purpurascens.