Tynanthus micranthus Mello ex Schumann (1894: 221)

Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco De & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2015, Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), Phytotaxa 216 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 29 9. Tynanthus micranthus Mello ex Schumann (1894: 221) (as " Tynnanthus micrantha "). Lectotype (designated by Lohmann, in Lohmann & Taylor 2014: 469):— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campinas, 30 September 1867, J.C. de Mello 26 (P! (barcode 481491); isolectotypes F! (999019), K! (barcode 449546), NY!, P! (barcodes 481488, 481489, 481490), P! (barcode 481489) as photocopy at MO, UPS! as photocopy at K, US! (2515396)).

Fig. 14 : A–D

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MEDEIROS & LOHMANN

Lianas. Branchlets tetragonal to terete, with or without ritidome, finely striated, lenticeled to densely lenticeled, glabrescent, with peltate trichomes; interpetiolar ridge absent (sometimes present); interpetiolar patelliform glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 0.8–1.6 mm long, 0.5–1.2 mm wide, minute, triangular to shallowly triangular, glabrous. Leaves 2–3 foliolated (more commonly 3); terminal leaflets often modified into trifid tendrils, without adhesive-disks on tip; petioles and petiolules glabrescent throughout surface (sometimes pubescent at the junction of petiolules), with peltate trichomes (sometimes also with simple); petioles (0.5–) 1.5–5.3 cm long; petiolules (0.3–) 0.6–2.7 cm long; leaflets (2.3–) 4.1–9.1 cm long, (0.7–) 1.3–4.2 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous, discolor or concolor, elliptic; apex caudate, mucronate; base cuneate or obtuse, symmetrical; margin entire; the abaxial surface glabrescent, with peltate and patelliform trichomes; the adaxial surface glabrescent, with peltate trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the abaxial surface; second venation weak brochidodromous; pocket domatia with (sometimes without) trichomes. Inflorescence axilar or terminal, a thyrse or a compound thyrse, lax, with conical aspect, first order 3.5–5– 13.5 cm long, second order 1.5–3 cm long; axis glabrescent, with peltate trichomes; bracts of the inflorescence predominantly caducous, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent only at margins), 0.7–6(–9) mm long; floral bracts 0.5–1 mm long; floral pedicels 1–4 mm long. Calyx green, 1.2–2 mm long, 1.5–2.3 mm wide, with transversal aperture, minutely 5-denticulate (sometimes truncate), glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at teeth) outside, with patelliform glands; lobes 0.1–0.6 mm long. Corolla white, cream or pale yellow (sometimes pale green), 0.5–0.9 cm long, 2–3.5 mm wide at the tube opening; tube 2.5–3.5 mm long, internally tomentose to pubescent at the base or glabrescent, with simple and long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides absent, but with a path of long and short stipitate trichomes; lobes densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.4–1.3 mm long, 0.7–1.4 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 2–3.1 mm long, 1.5–2.7 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with fertile stamens inserted 0.8–1 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 2.1–3.1 mm long; longer ones 2.6–4.5 mm long; anthers thecae 0.6–0.8 mm long, obovate to elliptic, subexserted; connective extending ca. 0.2 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode 1–1.2 mm long, with long and short stipitate trichomes. Gynoecium 4.1–4.6 mm long; ovary 0.9–1 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, conical, velutinous; style 3–3.7 mm long, tomentose at the base. Fruit a linear flattened capsule, 7.2–16.5 cm long, 0.9–1.3 cm wide, coriaceous to woody, smooth to granular near the midvein and granular near the margins, without lenticels to densely lenticeled, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at extremities), with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also with simple); central ridge single, not prominent; margins prominently raised (winged), 0.1–0.4 cm wide. Seeds body 1.2–1.4 cm long, 0.6–0.8 cm wide; wings 0.4–1 cm long.

Phenology: —Flowers from September to December and produces fruits from December to May.

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in moist broadleaf forests from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Alto Paraná and Canindeyú) ( Fig. 15 ).

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Reserva Florestal II, 21 October 2005, Adriana et al. s.n. ( HRCB 42809 ). Mato Grosso do Sul: Iguatemi, Arredores, 400 m, 21 October 1987, G. Hatschbach & J. M. Silva 51518 ( BR, MO, US). Paraná: Parque Nacional do Iguaçú , N border, 2 1/ 2 km W of road to Capanema, S of Jardinópolis , 23 November 1966, J. C. Lindeman & J. H. de Haas 3354 ( MO, US); Ibid., by forest road near Aranha, SE of Jardinópolis, 24 November 1966, J. C. Lindeman & J. H. de Haas 3409 ( F photo, K, MO, NY, P, RB, US). Alvorada do Sul, Fazenda Ingá, 19 May 2000, O. C. Pavão s.n. ( FUEL 29345 ). Arapongas, Fazenda Solana, 26 April 2004, J. S. Carneiro et al. 300 ( FUEL, HRCB). Califórnia, Sítio Ogido, 9 November 1986, S. N. Ogido 7 ( FUEL); Rio Água do Oito , 19 October 2000, O. C. Pavão 5 ( FUEL). Cambé, Mata da Morada do Sol , 8 October 1999, C. A. Avanzi et al. s.n. ( FUEL 29323 ). Campo Mourão, Rio da Várzea , 515 m, 14 October 1965, G. Hatschbach 13033 ( F, K, NY, P, UPCB, US). Céu Azul, Boa Vista, 22 October 1969, G. Hatschbach 22593 ( F, K, MO, NY, UPCB); Parque Nacional do Iguaçú , trilha da Jacutinga, 658 m, 12 October 2011, J. A. Lombardi et al. 8739 ( HRCB). Congonhinhas, Fazenda Planalto, beira da represa, 21 October 1998, A. L. Cavalheiro et al. s.n. ( FUEL 23840 , RB barcode 535433, SPF barcode 197643, SPSF 40442 ). Dois Vizinhos, Região compreendida entre os municípios de Dois Vizinhos e Pato Branco, proximidades do rio Chopim , 500 m, 8 December 2001, P. H. Labiak & M. Kaehler 2016 ( BHCB). Douradina, Fazenda Santa Rosa?, 2 November 1959, R. Braga & R. Lange 80 ( UPCB, US). Fênix, Fazenda Água Azul, 1 November 1998, J. M. Silva et al. 2587 ( ESA, FUEL, G, INPA, K, R, RB, SP, SPF, UPCB). Goioerê, Parque Municipal Antônio Sestak, 25 September 2007, E. M. Silva s.n. ( RB barcode 527993). Ibiporã, Sítio São José, Água das Abóboras, 19 October 1997, E. M. Nakano & I. M. Medri s.n. ( FUEL 24556 ). Londrina, Floresta dos Irmãos Godoy, 2 October 1985, F. C. Silva et al. 901 ( FUEL, MO); Ibid., borda do

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extremo norte do Parque, próximo ao rio, 600 m, 12 October 2011, M. C . Medeiros & E. F . Rossetto 32 ( SPF); Fazenda Santa Ana, 24 October 1985, A. O. S . Vieira et al. s.n. ( FUEL 1661 ); Ibid., 24 October 1985, A. O. S . Vieira et al. 41 ( MO); Rio 3 Bocas, Sítio do Gasparino , 22 October 1986, C . Zampieri et al. 41 ( FUEL, HRCB, R); Proximidades do EMAUS, 27 September 1997, M. C. B . Azevedo et al. s.n. ( FUEL 22931 ); Estância Cabral, 10 October 1999, S. F . Andrade et al. s.n. ( HRCB 55991 ); Fazenda Figueira-Paiquerê, Fragmento 1, December 2002, M. C . Lovato et al. 381 ( FUEL); Fazenda Escola , 3 March 2009, G. F . Santos 7 ( FUEL); Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas , trilha da Capivara, 520 m, 14 October 2011, M. C . Medeiros & E. F . Rossetto 34 ( SPF). Lupionópolis , Mata São Pedro, 6 May 2005, J. S . Carneiro et al. 382 ( FUEL). Matelândia , 13 October 1962, G . Hatschbach 9342 ( K). Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Rodovia Nova Prata a Cruzeiro do Iguaçu , Rio Jacaratiá , 15 October 1997, J. M . Silva et al. 2214 ( ESA, G, HRCB, SPF). Rolândia, Sítio Jevy, Contorno Norte , 15 October 1996, R . Losi et al. s.n. ( FUEL 25345 ). São Pedro do Ivaí , Fazenda Barbacena, 16 October 2003, O. S . Ribas et al. 5527 ( ESA, FUEL, G, MO, RB). Telêmaco Borba , margem da estrada de acesso ao eixo da barragem, 680 m, 22 September 2008, M . Kaehler 277 ( UPCB); Desmatamento para construção do Eixo da Barragem da UH Mauá, 680 m, 23 September 2008, M . Kaehler 310 ( UPCB). São Paulo: Adamantina, Sítio São Paulo estrada 6, 7 September 1995, E. Y . Sasaki s.n. ( ESA 103223 , FUEL 29302 , SPF barcode 201517, VIC 31746 ). Gália, Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, 12 February 2003, R . Udulutsch & R . Tsuji 1619 ( HRCB). Jundiaí, Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi , Base – Mirante –estrada para DAE– Base, 850–985 m, 23 October 2007, J. A . Lombardi & S. M . Hieda 6990 ( HRCB). Monte Alegre do Sul , Fazenda Benati, 17 March 1995, L. C . Bernacci et al. 1366 ( HRCB, SPF). Piracicaba, Mata da Pedreira , ESALQ , Beira do Ribeirão Piracicamirim , 2 October 1985, E. L. M . Catharino 444 ( ESA, SP). Rio Claro, Fazenda São José , 30 October 2001, R . Udulutsch et al. 423 ( HRCB); Ibid. , 7 October 2002, M. A . Assis & A. G . Manzatto 1599 ( HRCB). PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: Reserva Biológica Limoy, cerca del río Limoy y Embalse de la Represa Itaipú em el río Paraná , 14 October 1996, A . Schinini et al. 31364 ( G, MO). Canindeyú: Circa Guadelupe, Canendiyu , 27 October 1978, L . Bernardi 18227 ( BM, F, G, MO, NY) .

Taxonomic notes: — Tynanthus micranthus is characterized by the glabrescent branchlets and leaflets, lax inflorescences, small corollas (0.5–0.9 cm), and winged fruits. This species is morphologically similar to the Central American T. guatemalensis , from which it differs on some morphological features (see taxonomic notes

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MEDEIROS & LOHMANN under T. guatemalensis ). Tynanthus micranthus is sister to a clade that includes two other Atlantic Forest species, T. fasciculatus and T. labiatus ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015) . Morphologically, T. micranthus is most similar to T. labiatus , with which it shares glabrescent branchlets and leaflets; however, these two species can be separated by the smaller flowers of T. micranthus (0.5–0.9 cm versus 1–1.4 cm in T. labiatus ).

Figures

FIGURE 14. A–D. Tynanthus micranthus: A. Flowering branch; B. Open corolla showing the androecium; C. Open calyx showing the gynoecium (M.C. Medeiros 32, SPF); D. Fruit (J.S. Carneiro 300, FUEL). E–I. T. panurensis: E. Branch; F. Interpetiolar region showing the foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds; G. Inflorescence; H. Flower; I. Fruit (E–F and I: A.H. Gentry 21066, MO)(G–H: G. Klug 1972, NY). Illustration by Klei Sousa.

FIGURE 15. Distribution of Tynanthus micranthus.