Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis ( Haliday, 1833 )

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Huber, John T., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V. & Aquino, Daniel A., 2010, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species, Zootaxa 2456, pp. 1-243 : 48-53

Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis ( Haliday, 1833)

( Figs 77–83 )

Ooctonus litoralis Haliday 1833: 344 . Lectotype female [OUMNH], designated by Graham 1982: 223 (not examined). Type locality:?near Holywood, Co. North Down, Northern Ireland, UK.

Lymaenon litoralis (Haliday) : Walker 1846: 51; Debauche 1948: 89 –91; Mathot 1969: 2, 11 (key).

Rachistus litoralis (Haliday) : Foerster 1847: 204.

Gonatocerus litoralis (Haliday) : Dalla Torre 1898: 429; Soyka 1946: 37 –38; Graham 1973: 47 (mentioned); Hellén 1974: 12 –13; Graham 1982: 223 –224; Sahad & Hirashima 1984: 15 –17; Matthews 1986: 223 (diagnosis, measurements, distribution); Baquero & Jordana 2003: 5 –7 (diagnosis, redescription, illustrations); Donev 2005: 382 –383 (diagnosis, distribution).

Gonatocerus radiculatus Ahlberg 1925: 85 –86. 3? syntype females [ Matthews (1986) mentioned a holotype without seeing the original type material, supposedly deposited in NHRS] (not examined). Type locality: near Spånga, Sweden. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon effusi Bakkendorf 1934: 23 –29. Holotype female [according to Matthews (1986), who could have effectively designated a lectotype if this specimen was one of the original syntypes: Bakkendorf (1934) did not designate any type material] [ZMUC] (not examined). Type locality: Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave), Denmark. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon paludis Debauche 1948: 91 –93 + plate (planche) X (illustrations). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Abbaye du Parc, Héverlé (Heverlee), Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon effusi Bakkendorf : Debauche 1948: 95 –97; Mathot 1969: 11 (key).

Lymaenon rhacodes Debauche 1948: 97 –99 + plate (planche) XI (illustrations). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Parc d’Arenberg, Héverlé (Heverlee), Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon littoralis [sic] (Haliday): Debauche 1949: 27.

Lymaenon arduennae Mathot 1969: 2 , 5–6, 12 (key). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Ry de Grahais, Nafraiture, Vresse-sur-Semois, Namur, Belgium. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon cunctator Mathot 1969: 2 , 7–8, 11 (key). Holotype female [ISNB] (not examined). Type locality: Etang du Merisier, Tervuren, Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Lymaenon rhacodes Debauche : Mathot 1969: 11 (key).

Lymaenon paludis Debauche : Mathot 1969: 11 (key).

Gonatocerus paludis (Debauche) : Graham 1973: 47; Donev 1990: 68.

Gonatocerus pulchellus Hellén 1974: 11 . Holotype female [FMNH] (not examined). Type locality: Hauho, Finland. Synonymized under G. litoralis by Matthews 1986: 223.

Gonatocerus litoraris [sic] (Haliday): Donev 1990: 68.

Material examined. ARGENTINA. BUENOS AIRES: Castelar, 34°36’20’’S 58°40’33’’W, G.A. Logarzo: 6.xi–6.xii.2006 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 6.xii.2006 – 5.i.2007 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 5.i–6.ii.2007 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 5–9.ii.2007 [1 ♀, UCRC]. Luján, Universidad Nacional de Luján , 34°35'07"S 59°04'45"W, 32 m, C. Coviella: 20.x.2006 [3 ♀, UCRC] ; 1.xii.2006 [3 ♀, UCRC]; 9.ii.2007 [1 ♀, UCRC]. Moreno, 34°08’57’’S 58°46’57’’W, C. Coviella: 31.i.2005 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 9.iii.2005 [2 ♀, UCRC]; 23.iii.2005 [3 ♀, UCRC]; 9.iv.2005 [2 ♀, UCRC]; 8.v.2005 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 3.vii.2005 [1 ♀, UCRC]; 22.vii.2005 [1 ♀, UCRC]. Tigre , 34°23’50’’S 58°34’32’’W, 5 m, 2– 11.ii.2006, G . A. Logarzo [1 ♀, UCRC]. CÓRDOBA, Villa de Soto , 30°50’53’’S 65°10’18’’W, 540 m, 17.i.2003, S . V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. FORMOSA, S of Formosa, 26.27°S 58.27°W, 60 m, 26.iii.2003, J . Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]. MENDOZA, La Consulta, 33°42’30’’S 69°04’21’’W, INTA – Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta , 15–19.i.2007, S . Lanati [4 ♀, UCRC]. NEUQUÉN: Near Cerrito Piñon (40 km SE of La Rinconada ), 40°17’S 70°38’W, 24.ii.1999, S . L. Heydon [1 ♀, UCDC]. Parque Nacional Lanín: Lago Hermoso shore, 40°21’36’’S 71°28’19’’W, 1025 m, 26.ii.2007, S . V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. Lago Huechulafquen shore, 39°44’27’’S 71°22’00’’W, 1095 m, 25.ii.2007, S . V. Triapitsyn [1 ♀, UCRC]. Near Lago Paimun, NW of Puerto Canoa , at Arroyo Raculeafu, 25.ii.2007, S . V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, E.G. Virla [2 ♀, UCRC]. 2 km NW of Nonthué , 40°08’S 71°38’W, 20–24.ii.1999, S . L. Heydon, J. Ledford [15 ♀, UCDC]. Pucará (at Lago Lácar ), 40°09’59.3’’S 71°37’50.4’’W, 664 m: 24.ii.2007, S .V. Triapitsyn [21 ♀, UCRC]; 24.ii.2007, S.V. Triapitsyn, G.A. Logarzo, E.G. Virla [11 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; 1.iii-5.iv.2007, J. Parra, G.A. Logarzo, S.V. Triapitsyn, E.G. Virla [59 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]. 8 km N of San Martín de los Andes , 1000 m, 16– 22.xi.1997, C . & M. Vardy [6 ♀, CNCI]. RÍO NEGRO, 18 km W of General Roca , INTA station, 6–8.xi.1997, C . & M. Vardy [5 ♀, CNCI]. SALTA, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán: 23.11°S 64.52°W, 535 m, 23.iii.2003, J . Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]; 23.13°S 63.74°W, 278 m, 24.iii.2003, J. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]. BAHAMAS. Berry Islands, Great Stirrup Cay , 25°49’34.4’’N 77°54’45.3’’W, 17.iv.2009, A .V. & P.A. Ossipov [1 ♀, UCRC]. BRAZIL. GOIÁS, Uruaçu, 14°17.0’S 48°54.8’W, Serra da Mesa Survey : 26.v.1996 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 29.v.1996 [1 ♀, UCRC]. MINAS GERAIS, Belo Horizonte, Pampulha , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 19°52’S 43°58’W, 3–7.xi.1996, D. Yanega [1 ♀, UCRC] . CHILE. REGIÓN IV, Quebrada el Arrayán ( 33 km S of La Villa ), 30°11.7’S 70°56.0’W, 653 m, M.E. Irwin [2 ♀, UCDC] . REGIÓN V, 11 km W of Llaillay (km 95 on Highway 5), 17.xi.1994, S . L. Heydon, E. Arias [1 ♀, UCDC]. REGIÓN METROPOLITANA [DE SANTI- AGO]: Colina, El Portezuelo , iii.1988, L . E. Peña [14 ♀, CNCI]. Talagante , 3.ii.1997, E . Arias [1 ♀, UCDC]. REGIÓN VIII: 3 km W of Florida , 9.xii.1994, S . L. Heydon, E. Arias [4 ♀, UCDC]. Near Penco , 6.ii.1978, T . Cekalovic [2 ♀, CNCI]. REGIÓN IX: Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta : 37°48'10''S 73°01'27''W, 1325 m, 8.ii.2005, J . M. Heraty et al. [2 ♀, UCRC]; Centro de Informaciones, 37°49’S 73°00’W, 8.xii.1994, S .L. Heydon, E. Arias [5 ♀, UCDC]; 37°49'00''S 73°00'00''W, 1300 m, 8.ii.2005, J.M. Heraty et al. [31 ♀, UCRC]; 37°49'42''S 72°58'24''W, 1140 m, 8–24.ii.2005, J.M. Heraty et al. [10 ♀, UCRC]; 37°49'43''S 72°58'24''W, 1140 m, 8–9.ii.2005, L. Masner [13 ♀, UCRC]. Puente Chada , 6.ii.1994, T . Cekalovic [1 ♀, UCDC]. Puente Donguil , 14.i.1990, T . Cekalovic [1 ♀, UCDC]. Río Pedregoso: Fundo “Nueva Pomerania ”, 18.ii.1994, T . Cekalovic [1 ♀, UCDC]; Río Pedregoso , 28.i.1995, T . Cekalovic [4 ♀, UCDC]. Termas de Palquín , 39.359°S 71.734°W, 9–11.i.2000, D . W. Webb, D.K. Yeates [1 ♀, CNCI]. Road to Volcán Villarrica at Río Seco , 39°20’S 71°58’W, xii.1994, S . L. Heydon, E. Arias [2 ♀, UCDC]. REGIÓN X: Isla Grande de Chiloé, Río Dongo, 19.i.2000, T . Cekalovic [7 ♀, 43 ♂, UCDC, UCRC]. Monumento Natural Alerce Costero , 40°10'55''S 73°26'24''W, 450 m, 16.ii.2005, J .M. Heraty et al. [9 ♀, UCRC].

Extralimital records. AUSTRIA. LOWER AUSTRIA, 1 km W of Hollern , 48°04’22’’N 16°52’37’’E, 150 m, 16.vi.2007, C. Thuróczy, S.V. Triapitsyn [18 ♀, 3 ♂, UCRC] . BELGIUM. WALLOON BRABANT, Waterloo , 10–20.ix.1992, P. Dessart [1 ♂, UCRC] . BULGARIA. KARDZHALI (KURDZHALI), Rhodope Mts., Daskalovo Village , 41.79000°N 25.28676°E, 550 m, 4.ix.2006, P.S. Boyadzhiev [1 ♀, UCRC] . MEX- ICO. CHIHUAHUA, Ciudad Juárez, 13.x.1942, R.O. Collier (on redishes, intercepted in El Paso , Texas, USA) [1 ♀, USNM] (identified by A.B. Gahan as G. anthonomi Girault ) . UK. ENGLAND, Surrey Co., Richmond Park, 15.viii.1997, J.S. Noyes [1 ♀, CNCI] . WALES, Glamorgan Co., Kenfig Pool National Nature Reserve , 31.viii.1995, J.S. Noyes [1 ♀, CNCI] . USA. ILLINOIS, McLean Co., Hendrix , 18.v.1911, A.A. Girault (on window of cattle barn) [1 ♀, USNM] (identified by A.A. Girault as G. anthonomi ) . KANSAS, Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, F.F. Crevecoeur [1 ♀, USNM] (identified by A.A. Girault as G. anthonomi ). MARY- LAND, Prince George’s Co., Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 20.vi.1984, M.E. Schauff [2 ♀, USNM] . OREGON: Deschutes Co., Little Deschutes River (near La Pine ), 18.viii.1984, M.E. Schauff, E.E. Grissell [17 ♀, USNM] . Lincoln Co., 2 mi. S of Newport, South Beach State Park , 23.viii.1984, M.E. Schauff, P. Hanson [9 ♀, USNM] .

Redescription. FEMALE (specimens from the Neotropical region). Body length 600–900 µm. Body generally brown to dark brown except gaster mostly light brown (particularly basally) to brown; appendages light brown to brown.

Antenna ( Fig. 77 ) with radicle 3.0–3.3x as long as wide, 0.31–0.33x total length of scape, rest of scape 3.2–3.4x as long as wide, faintly striate; pedicel longer than F1; F1–F4 subequal in length, shorter than following funicle segments; F5, F7, and F8 subequal in length, F6 a little shorter; F1–F4 without mps, typically mps on F5 (1), F7 (2), and F8 (2) but rarely F5 without mps in small specimens, F6 with 1 mps in large specimens, and occasionally F7 with just 1 mps; clava with 10 mps, 3.1–3.4x as long as wide, a little shorter than combined length of F6–F8.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 79 ). Mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae with weak sculpture. Propodeum ( Fig. 78 ) with faint submedian lines, the distance between them shorter basally than distally. Forewing ( Fig. 80 ) about 3.1x as long as wide; longest marginal seta 0.28–0.31x maximum wing width. Forewing disc almost hyaline (with a slight, uniform brownish tinge), almost bare behind submarginal vein except for at most a few setae behind its apex, more or less setose behind marginal vein and densely setose elsewhere. Hind wing 20–22x as long as wide; disc unevenly setose and slightly infumate; longest marginal seta 2.8–3.0x maximum wing width.

Metasoma ( Fig. 79 ) a little longer than mesosoma. Petiole 1.6–2.1x as wide as long. Ovipositor 0.7–0.8x length of gaster, not exserted beyond its apex; ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio about 1.1:1. External plate of ovipositor with 4 or 5 distal setae.

MALE (specimens from Chile). Body length 660–800 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna ( Fig. 81 ) with scape plus radicle 2.6–2.7x as long as wide, notably striate. Forewing ( Fig. 82 ) 2.8–3.6x as long as wide. Genitalia as in Fig. 83 .

Diagnosis. Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis is a highly variable species recognizable by the female antenna ( Fig. 77 ) typically having 1 mps on F5 and 2 mps on F7 and F8 (sometimes, often in small specimens, without mps on F5 and/or just 1 mps on F7), and without mps on F6 (rarely, with 1 mps in large specimens), and 10 mps on the clava; a narrow to broad (2.8–5.2x as long as wide) forewing ( Figs 80 , 82 ), a more or less short ovipositor (ovipositor length: mesotibia length ratio 0.9–1.5:1), not or barely exserted beyond gastral apex; and generally brown to dark brown body except for the gaster, which is mostly light brown (particularly basally) to brown.

Recognition of G. litoralis in the Neotropical region, where there are few known species of G. ( Lymaenon ), is relatively easy unlike in the Holarctic region, where it is often problematic to define the limits between it and other morphologically similar species.

Distribution. NEOTROPICAL*: Argentina *, Bahamas *, Brazil *, and Chile *. NEARCTIC*: Mexico *, and USA *. PALAEARCTIC: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria ( Hellén 1974; Donev 1987, 1990 [also as G. paludis (Debauche) ], 2005), Czech Republic ( Noyes 2003), Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece ( Donev 1985 [as Lymaenon effusi Bakkendorf and L. paludis Debauche ], 1988c [also as G. arduennae (Mathot) and G. effusi (Bakkendorf) ], 2003, 2005), Ireland ( Graham 1973 [as G. paludis (Debauche) ]; Matthews 1986), Japan ( Sahad & Hirashima 1984), Macedonia ( Donev 1988a, 2005), Netherlands ( Soyka 1946), Norway ( Mathot 1969; Hellén 1974), Poland ( Soyka 1946), Romania ( Radu & Boţoc 1960), Russia ( Hellén 1974); Serbia ( Donev 1988b); Slovakia ( Noyes 2003), Spain ( Baquero & Jordana 2003), Sweden, Turkey ( Donev 2001), UK ( England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales). Sahad & Hirashima (1984) listed G. litoralis from Australia, but without references to any specimens or published records; Lin et al. (2007) did not include it in their list of the Australian species of Gonatocerus .

This is arguably the most common and widespread Palaearctic species of Gonatocerus . It is recorded here for the first time from the Neotropics. Bayoun et al. (2008) reported specimens tentatively identified as G. litoralis from California, USA, and here we confirm its presence in the Nearctic region. It is likely that G. litoralis was described under a different name (or names) in North America. Because the senior author could not find the type material of G. (Lymaenon) anthonomi Girault in the USNM, its possible conspecificity with G. litoralis remains unconfirmed.

Hosts. Aphrodes sp. ( Bakkendorf 1934) [as Acocephalus sp.] and Macrosteles sexnotatus (Fallén) ( Ahlberg 1925) [as Cicadula sexnotata Fallén ] ( Cicadellidae ).

Figures

FIGURES 77 – 80. Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis ♀ (77 – Monumento Natural Alerce Costero, Región X, Chile; 78 – 80 – Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, Región IX, Chile): 77, antenna; 78, dorsellum and propodeum; 79, mesosoma and metasoma; 80, forewing.

FIGURES 81 – 83. Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) litoralis ♂ (Río Dongo, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Región X, Chile): 81, antenna; 82, forewing; 83, genitalia.