Lamprophaea longicirrata ( Treadwell, 1902 ) Salazar-Vallejo, 2020

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2020, Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), Zootaxa 4739 (1), pp. 1-114 : 36-38

Lamprophaea longicirrata ( Treadwell, 1902) n. comb., reinst.

Figs 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 18 , Table 2

Castalia longicirrata Treadwell, 1902: 185 , Figs 2–3 (publication year modified after corresponding journal cover).? Dalhousiella longicirrata: Hartman 1956: 278 (n. comb.).

Leocrates chinensis: Pettibone, 1970: 214 , Fig. 14 (non Kinberg, 1866).

Leocrates longicirratus: Pleijel 1998: 160 (n. comb.).

Type material. Western Atlantic. Virgin Islands. Holotype of Castalia longicirrata ( USNM 15915 ), off Saint- Thomas, Sail Rock, U.S. Fish Commission Porto Rico Expedition, U.S.S: Fish Hawk, Sta. (151) 6079, coral, 36–41 m, 6 Feb. 1899.

Additional material. Western Atlantic. Florida, USA. Four specimens ( ECOSUR 3075 ), 800 m SSW off Alligator Reef Light (24°50’39” N, 80°37’30” W), 5–8 m, 30 Apr. 1961, pronox fish/dipnet, W. Starck, H. Feddem & T. Starck, coll. [13–32 mm long, 2–4 mm wide] . One specimen ( UF 1890 ), N off St. Petersburg, hard ground with sponges (28°27’33.12” N, 84°16’18.48” W), 32 m, 13 Mar. 2011, G. Paulay, N. Evans, F. Michonneau, coll. [32 mm long, 4 mm wide] . Two specimens ( UF 2531 ), NNW of St. Petersburg, S of Big Bend area, sponge reef (28°26’17.88” N, 84°16’21.00” W), 35 m, hard bottom, 23 May 2012, J. Slapcinsky, coll. [24–32 mm long, 3–4 mm wide] . Five specimens (UF 2531/2582), NNW of St. Petersburg, S of Big Bend area, sponge reef (28°26’17.88” N, 84°16’21.00” W), 35 m, hard bottom, 23 May 2012, J. Slapcinsky, coll. [19–31 mm long, 2–4 mm wide] . One specimen ( UF 2534 ), NNW of St. Petersburg, S of Big Bend area, sponge reef (28°26’17.88” N, 84°16’21.00” W), 35 m, hard bottom, 23 May 2012, J. Slapcinsky, coll. [23.5 mm long, 3.0 mm wide]. Panama . One specimen ( UF 4933 ), Bocas del Toro, Punta Puebla (09°22’01.20” N, 82°17’27.60” W), 27 May 2016, M. Leray, F. Michonneau & R. Lasley, coll. [broken into two pieces, 8+ 7 mm long, 2 mm wide]

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Description. Holotype (USNM 15915) complete, damaged, bent laterally; right parapodia of chaetigers 3, 10 and 12, and left parapodia of chaetigers 3, 7, 8 previously removed (one in small container, without specification about its position, probably what Pettibone illustrated). Body obconic, blunt anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, colorless ( Fig. 18A ), 19 mm long, 3 mm wide, 16 chaetigers; most cirri missing.

Prostomium wider than long, lateral margins progressively narrower, round ( Fig. 18B ). Lateral antennae (left one complete) longer than prostomium, ceratophores distinct, antennae slightly longer than palps. Palps pale, palpophores three times longer than palpostyles. Median antenna missing, scar inserted between eyes.

Eyes brownish, anterior ones reniform, twice larger than posterior, round ones; in lateral view anterior and posterior eyes clearly separated.

Nuchal organs lobes L-shaped, lateral branches different in length, right one longer, exceeding lateral prostomial margin, left one smaller, as long as reaching lateral prostomial margin level, ridge whitish; lateral ciliated areas narrow. Tentacular cirri broken, left ones without middle to distal regions, detaching, reaching back up to chaetiger 4. Lateral cushions low, entire, longitudinal striae not visible.

Pharynx exposed, anterior margin smooth, with subdistal circle of irregular round constrictions ( Fig. 18C ). Upper and lower jaws single, inserted slightly subdistally, brownish.

Chaetigers 1–4 without notochaetae, notochaetae present along chaetigers 5–16, most broken, about 50 per bundle, delicately denticulate subdistally. Notacicular lobes shorter than neurochaetal ones, tapered, blunt, tips swollen ( Fig. 18D , inset). Neuracicular lobes round or blunt, as long as wide ( Fig. 18D ). Neurochaetae sparse, about 20 per bundle, blades most broken, decreasing in size ventrally, 3–9 times longer than wide ( Fig. 18D , insets), blades bidentate, guard approaching subdistal tooth, sometimes broken.

Posterior region damaged, slightly invaginated, preanal segment barely visible, cirri missing. Pygidium damaged, anal cirri missing.

Oocytes not seen.

Variation. There are slight differences in nuchal organs lobes during ontogeny ( Fig. 3 ). Smaller specimens have lobes slightly divergent, and they proceed by growing laterally, often surpassing the level of lateral prostomial margins; they can be obscured by the tentacular belt anterior margin, but at least the tips of the lateral branches are evident. Parapodial features show some size-related variations ( Fig. 6 ). These variations are subtle regarding notacicular or neuracicular lobes, and they are round in anterior chaetigers, becoming longer in middle and posterior parapodia. The number of chaetae as well as the relative length of neurochaetal blades is size dependent ( Fig. 7 ); neurochaetal blades are longer along anterior chaetigers and in the upper neurochaetal bundle, and become shorter in following chaetigers and in the lower neurochaetal bundle ( Table 2 ). Anatomical features ( Fig. 8 ) were illustrated for a single specimen but no other ones were dissected.

Remarks. Treadwell (1902) with one specimen collected in Puerto Rico coral bottoms (36–41 m depth), described Castalia longicirrata . He was the first to refer to nuchal organs, but called them “diverging processes” in the posterior prostomial margin, and indicated size proportions between lateral antennae and palps. His description indicated that anterior eyes were twice larger than posterior ones, and gave some details for chaetae. Treadwell’s original description was enhanced by Augener (1906: 155), by describing Castalia hesionoides (now Dalhousiella hesionoides ), with specimens collected in sediments at 300–720 m off the Lesser Antilles. Augener compared these two species and clarified the shape of nuchal organs and its lateral lobes, and indicated size proportions between palpophore and palpostyles.

Lamprophaea longicirrata ( Treadwell, 1902) is newly combined because of the shape of the nuchal organs lobes, and its upper and lower jaws are single, fang shaped. Augener (1906: 156–157) provided details about L. longicirrata in his description of Dalhousiella hesionides . Pettibone (1970:215) regarded L. longicirrata as a junior synonym of L. chinensis Kinberg, 1866 , but their nuchal organs are so different that they are herein regarded as belonging to different genera, and consequently, L. longicirrata is reinstated.

As indicated in the key above, L. longicirrata belongs in the group provided with notochaetae from chaetiger 5 and with palpophores three times longer than palpostyles. It differs from the other species in the group, L. cuprea Grube, 1867 , L. pleijeli n. sp. and L. cornuta n. sp. by being pale and by having convergent, round posterior prostomial margins, instead of being angular, neither round nor convergent.

Distribution. The holotype was collected in the Virgin Islands, in coral rocks at 36– 41 m. It has been found from Florida to Panama, in the Western tropical Atlantic, from shallow water (5 m), hard bottoms. The record by Rullier & Amoureux (1979: 159) of Leocrates claparedii for the Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, might be conspecific but the specimen was not available for confirmation.

Figures

FIGURE 2. A. Leocrates claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868), non-type specimens (USNM 5131), anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx everted. B. Another specimen, anterior end, dorsal view, pharynx fully everted. C. Same, pharynx and jaws, left lateral view (1: Pharynx ring I, 2: Pharynx ring II, AM: anterior margin, DT: dorsolateral tubercle, LJ: lower jaw, LV: lateral vesicle, Pe: peristomium, TB: tentacular belt, UJ: upper jaw). D. Lamprophaea poupini n. sp., holotype (UF 858), anterior end, right lateral view, after SAS (1–8: tentacular cirri, Ch: chaetiger, LA: lateral antenna, NO: nuchal organ lobe, Pa: palp, TB: tentacular belt). Scale bars: A, C: 0.5 mm, B: 0.7 mm, D: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 3. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimens, Florida (ECOSUR 3075), prostomia, dorsal view. A. Smallest specimen, 13x2 mm. B. Medium-sized specimen, 32x3.5 mm. C. Large specimen, pharynx slightly exposed, 32x4 mm. D. Small specimen, pharynx exposed, 20x3 mm. Scale bars: A: 0.25 mm, B–C: 0.4 mm, D: 0.30 mm.

FIGURE 6. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimens, Florida (ECOSUR 3075), parapodia in anterior view.A–C: 13 mm long, D–F: 20 mm long, G–I: 32 mm long. A. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. B. Chaetiger 7, right parapodium. C. Chaetiger 12, right parapodium. D. Chaetiger 2, left parapodium. E. Chaetiger 7, left parapodium. F. Chaetiger 12, left parapodium. G. Chaetiger 2, right parapodium. H. Chaetiger 8, right parapodium. I. Chaetiger 13, right parapodium (oocytes 100 µm). Scale bars: A, D: 200 µm, B, G: 250 µm, C: 220 µm, E: 360 µm, F: 350 µm, H: 550 µm, I: 480 µm.

FIGURE 7. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimens of different length, Florida (ECOSUR 3075). A. Dissected specimen, right parapodia of chaetigers 10 and 11, seen from above. B. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium, notochaetal lobes cut-off, dorsal cirrus removed. C. Chaetiger 11, right parapodium, dorsal cirrus, notochaetal and neurochaetal lobes cut-off. D. Notochaetal lobe from chaetiger 10 (insets: basal and subdistal notochaetal regions). E. Chaetiger 7, right parapodium, neurochaetae of a 13 mm long specimen (insets: blade tips). F. Chaetiger 13, right parapodium, shortest neurochaetal blade of a 32 mm long specimen (*: postchaetal lobe; L: blade length, W: blade width). Scale bars: A: 440 µm, B: 240 µm, C: 250 µm, D: 130 µm, E: 90 µm, F: 15 µm.

FIGURE 8. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimen (ECOSUR 3075, 32x3.5 mm), anatomy; numbers indicate chaetiger. A. Anterior region without dorsal integument (Oe: oesophagus, Ph: pharynx, RM: retractor muscles). B. Antero-middle region (In: intestine, St: stomach). C. Posterior region (*: middorsal vesicles). D. Anterior region, dorsal enteron region removed (Oe: oesophagus, Ph: pharynx). E. Antero-middle region (In: intestine, Oe: oesophagus). F. Posterior region. Scale bars: A: 1.1 mm, B–D: 1 mm, E: 0.9 mm, F: 0.8 mm.

FIGURE 14. Lamprophaea cornuta n. sp., holotype (UF 882). A. Anterior region, dorsal view (interior irregular pale masses are gonads), B.Anterior end, dorsal view. C.Anterior region, ventral view. D. Chaetiger 7, left parapodium, anterior view, MGS. E. Same, neurochaetae and notochaetal tips (*: enlarged blades in F). F. Upper neurochaetal blade and lower neurochaetal blades (different magnification). Scale bars: A: 1.5 mm, B: 0.6 mm, C: 1.2 mm, D: 0.4 mm, E: 0.3 mm, F: thinner blade 200 µm, wider blade 150 µm.

FIGURE 18. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, holotype (USNM 15915), MGS. A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D. Chaetiger 10, right parapodium, anterior view (insets: longest and shortest neurochaetal blades, and notacicular lobe). Scale bars: A: 0.7 mm, B, C: 0.6 mm, D: 0.9 mm.