Dryinus alatus (Cresson, 1872)

Guglielmino, Adalgisa & Olmi, Massimo, 2013, Revision of the extant Nearctic species of Dryinus Latreille 1804 group 1 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from the USA, Zootaxa 3691 (5), pp. 577-590 : 580-584

1. Dryinus alatus (Cresson, 1872)

( Figs 1–3 , 8 )

Gonatopus alatus Cresson, 1872: 193 .

Dryinus alatus (Cresson) : Patton 1879: 65; Ashmead 1893: 86; Olmi 1984: 828; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 232, 236; Guglielmino & Olmi 2007: 127; Moya Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 96.

Hesperodryinus amphiscepae Perkins, 1907: 41 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type locality: Nogales (Arizona, USA); Kieffer 1914: 39; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034; Krombein 1979: 1242; Olmi 1982: 305.

Hesperodryinus arizonicus Perkins, 1907: 42 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type locality: Nogales (Arizona, USA); Kieffer 1914: 40; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1035; Krombein 1979: 1243.

Hesperodryinus audax Perkins, 1907: 43 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type locality: Nogales (Arizona, USA); Kieffer 1914: 41; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1035; Krombein 1979: 1243.

Prodryinus alatus (Cresson) : Kieffer 1907: 9.

Mesodryinus alatus (Cresson) : Kieffer 1914: 32; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034; Krombein 1979: 1243.

Material examined. Types. Holotype Ƥ of G. alatus , USA: Texas, G.W. Belfrage leg. (ANSP); lectotype Ƥ of H. amphiscepae (No 5816) (designated by Olmi 1982), USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 30.IX.1906, on weeds, A. Koebele leg. (BPBM); lectotype Ƥ of H. arizonicus (No 5817) (designated by Olmi 1982), USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 1.X.1906, reared from nymph of Mistharnophantia sonorana Kirkaldy, A. Koebele leg. (BPBM); lectotype Ƥ of H. audax (No 5818) (designated by Olmi 1982), USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, VIII, on oak, A. Koebele leg. (BPBM). Paratypes: 1 paratype Ƥ of G. alatus , USA: Texas (USNM); 2 paralectotypes (1Ƥ, 13) (designated by Olmi 1982) of H. amphiscepae , USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 30.IX.1906, on weeds, A. Koebele leg. (BPBM); 1 paralectotype Ƥ of H. amphiscepae , USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 30.IX.1906, on weeds, A. Koebele leg. (BPBM). Other material. CANADA: Ontario, St. Catharines (CNC); Ontario, Hamilton (CNC). MEXICO: Baja California Norte, 9 km NW of Rancho Santa Inés (DBUSU); Jalisco, about 5 km from Ciudad Guzmán, foot of Nevado de Colima, El Durazno, about 3000 m, parasitized host collected 15.X.2003, mature larva pupated 20.X.2003, M. Olmi reared from a nymph of Acanalonia concinnula Fowler (MOLC). USA: Arizona, Cochise Co., Portal (DEUCD); Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 30.IX.1906, A. Koebele leg., 1Ƥ (AMNH); same locality label, 18.IX.1906, A. Koebele leg. 1Ƥ (labelled H. amphiscepae , paratype)(BMNH); same locality label, 22.VIII.1906, R. C. L. Perkins leg., 1Ƥ (labelled H. amphiscepae )(BMNH); Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Sycamore Canyon, 18.V.1983, 1Ƥ (CNC); California, San Bernardino Co., Apple Valley (CNC); Georgia, Monroe Co., Forsyth (CNC, GPC); Illinois, Champaign Co., 3.5 mi. NE Mahomet, 28.VI.1960, sweeping, M.W. Sanderson leg., 1Ƥ (INHS); Kentucky, Jefferson Co., Louisville, VIII.1982, Fitton, Quinland & Riegler leg., 2Ƥ, 13 (BMNH); Louisiana, Natchitoches Parish, Red Dirt National Wildlife Management Area, Kisatchie National Forest, 8–9.VI.1990, E.G. Riley leg., 1Ƥ (DETAM); Maryland, Montgomery Co., Burtonsville (DEUCD); Maryland, Prince Georges Co., Patuxent Wildlife Reserve (USNM); Massachusetts, Middlesex Co., Holliston (AMNH, MCZ); Michigan, Washtenaw Co., Ann Arbor (AEIC, AMNH); Michigan, Midland Co. (USNM); Missouri, Boone Co., Columbia (AMNH, USNM); New Jersey, Burlington Co., Moorestown (AEIC, AMNH); New Jersey, Ocean Co., Lakehurst, Horicon Lake (AMNH); New Jersey, Union Co., Westfield (AMNH); New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Metuchen (FSCA); New York, Long Island, Suffolk Co., Huntington, Kalbfleisch Field Station (AMNH); Ulster Co., Shokan (AEIC); New York, Schuyler Co., Valois, 9.VII.2001, B. Nusillard leg. (BNC); New York, Ontario Co., Geneva, 14.VIII.2001, B. Nusillard leg. (BNC); Oklahoma, Latimer Co. (FSCA); South Carolina, Pickens Co., Wattacoo (AEIC); South Carolina, Greenville Co., Cleveland (AEIC); Texas, Brazos Co., College Station (DETAM); Texas, Jim Wells Co., La Copita Research Station, 8 mi. NW Ben Bolt, 28–30.IX.1990, R. Wharton leg., 1Ƥ (DETAM); Texas, Brewster Co., N of Rosillos Mountains, Buttrill Spring, 10–19.VII.1991, YPT, R. Vogtsberger leg., 1Ƥ (DETAM); Virginia, Fairfax Co., near Annandale, 5.VIII.1989 (USNM); Virginia, Essex Co., 1 mi. SE of Dunnsville (CNC); Virginia, Essex Co., 1 mi SE Dunnsville, 37°52’N 76°48’W, 19.VIII–8.IX.1997, D.R. Smith leg., 1Ƥ (USNM); Wisconsin, Waukesha Co. (USNM). Neotropical region. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, 14 km S Cañas (AMNH, DBUSU).

Redescription. Female: fully winged; length 5.0– 7.9 mm. Usually yellow-testaceous or ferruginous, except petiole black. Occasionally body yellow-testaceous, except black spots on head, scutum, scutellum, propodeum and metasoma; occasionally face, propleuron, mesothorax, metathorax and propodeum almost totally black. In specimen from Canada, Hamilton, head almost totally black. Antenna usually testaceous, occasionally brown, except segments 4–5 whitish. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 22:15:70:31:31:23:19:18:15:21; antennal segment 3 much longer than 2 (27:5). Head ( Fig. 1 ) dull, granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and shortly on sides of ocellar triangle (in specimen from Louisiana, Kisatchie National Forest, occipital carina complete, though hardly visible on temples); POL = 8; OL = 5; OOL = 11; OPL = 2; TL = 8; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli about as long as OPL. Pronotum dull, granulated, crossed by two transverse impressions, anterior one less deep than posterior one; disc humped; posterior collar distinct. Scutum dull, granulated, occasionally sculptured by more or less numerous longitudinal keels (complete or incomplete). Notauli complete, posteriorly separated. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, granulated. Propodeum shiny, more or less reticulate rugose; dorsal surface smooth, with more or less numerous areolae forming median stripe from anterior margin to posterior surface; posterior surface sculptured by weak transverse keels; occasionally dorsal surface with strong keels. Forewing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part. Protrochanter more than twice as long as broad (15:6). Protarsal segment 4 about twice as long as segment 1; occasionally segment 4 slightly shorter than segment 1 (33:41). Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw not spatulate, with one strong ( Fig. 2 ) or small ( Fig. 3 ) subapical tooth and one row of 5–11 lamellae or peg-like hairs. Subapical tooth of enlarged claw situated far or close to distal apex ( Figs 2, 3 ). Segment 5 of protarsus ( Fig. 2 ) with two rows of approximately 18–30 lamellae about same length; distal apex with about 20 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Male: fully winged; length 2.8–4.0 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs brown, except tarsi testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 6:5:12:8:9:8:8:8:6:9 Head dull, reticulate rugose; frontal line absent; POL = 18; OL = 8; OOL = 13; OPL shorter than OL (2:8); greatest breadth of posterior ocelli longer than OPL (7:2); occipital carina incomplete; occasionally (in specimens from Michigan, Ann Arbor) occipital carina complete. Scutum, scutellum and metanotum dull, reticulate rugose. Notauli almost invisible; occasionally (in specimens from Michigan, Ann Arbor) notauli distinct and incomplete, reaching approximately 0.5X length of scutum. Propodeum reticulate rugose, with areolae broader than those of head. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part, forming curve between proximal and distal parts ( Fig. 8 ). Tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.

Hosts. Hemiptera Acanaloniidae and Flatidae (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2007): in Mexico (Jalisco): Acanalonia concinnula Fowler (Acanaloniidae) ; in the USA (Arizona): Acanalonia bivittata (Say) (Acanaloniidae) (Perkins 1907) and Mistharnophantia sonorana Kirkaldy (Flatidae) (Perkins 1907).

Distribution. Canada, Mexico (Baja California, Jalisco), USA and Neotropical region ( Costa Rica).

2. Dryinus americanus (Ashmead, 1887) ( Figs 4, 5 )

Mystrophorus americanus Ashmead, 1887: 128 .

Dryinus americanus (Ashmead) : Ashmead 1893: 87; Olmi 1984: 826. Prodryinus americanus (Ashmead) : Kieffer 1907: 9.

Mesodryinus americanus (Ashmead) : Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034.

Material examined. Types. Holotype Ƥ, USA: Florida, Duval Co., Jacksonville (USNM). Paratype: 1 Ƥ, same locality label as holotype (USNM). Other material. USA: Florida, Levy Co., 3.8 mi. SW Archer, turkey oak sandhill (AMNH, FSCA).

Redescription. Female: fully winged; length 4.8–5.6 mm. Testaceous-reddish, except petiole black and metasoma brown-black. Antenna clavate. Head ( Fig. 4 ) shiny, weakly granulated, with face weakly rugose; vertex flat; occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and shortly on sides of ocellar triangle; posterior ocelli almost touching occipital carina; OL slightly longer than POL. Pronotum shiny, granulated, crossed by two weak transverse impressions; disc not very humped; posterior collar absent (posterior transverse impression situated just on posterior margin of pronotum); pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Scutum shiny, granulated, with weak areolae on lateral regions. Notauli incomplete, hardly distinct, reaching about 0.65X length of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum dull, granulated. Propodeum reticulate rugose; posterior surface sculptured by transverse keels and with two longitudinal keels. Forewing with three dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein slightly longer than proximal part. Protarsal segment 1 about as long as segment 4. Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw not spatulate ( Fig. 5 ), with one strong subapical tooth and one row of eight lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Fig. 5 ) with two rows of approximately 35 lamellae about same length extending continuously to distal apex. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Male. Unknown.

Hosts. Unknown.

Distribution. USA.

3. Dryinus crawfordi (Krombein, 1962) ( Figs 6, 7 )

Mesodryinus crawfordi Krombein, 1962: 3 .

Dyinus crawfordi (Krombein) : Olmi 1984: 825; Olmi 1987a: 430; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 52.

Material examined. Type. Holotype Ƥ (No 65883), USA: Maryland, Montgomery Co., Potomac River, Plummers Island, 11.VII.1909, J.C. Crawford leg. (USNM). Other material. CANADA: Ontario, Rondeau Provincial Park, 10-25.VII.1973 (CNC). USA: Kansas, Douglas Co., Lawrence, 24.VI.1992, J. Danoff-Burg leg. (NHMUK, CMNHP); Maryland: Dorchester Co., Hudson (FSCA); Massachusetts, Middlesex Co., Bedford, many Ƥ and 33 (AMNH, CMZ); New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Metuchen, Woodwild Park (FSCA); New York, Tompkins Co., S of Lansing (AMNH); New York, Schuyler Co., Valois, 15.VII.2001, 27.VII.2001, B. Nusillard reared from Acanalonia conica (Say) (BNC); Texas, Montgomery Co., Jones State Forest, 8 mi. S Conroe, 25-31.V.1987, Wharton, Wang & Praetorius leg., 1Ƥ (DETAM); Wisconsin, Iowa Co., many Ƥ Ƥ and 33 (DEUWM); Virginia, Essex Co., 1 mi. SE of Dunnsville (CNC).

Redescription. Female: fully winged; length 4.0– 4.4 mm. Head black, except mandible yellow; antenna brown, except segments 1–3 and 10 yellow; mesosoma black; metasoma brown-reddish; legs testaceous, except coxae partly black. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 15:6:27:13:11:10:8:8:6:11. Head dull, granulated, with numerous areolae or short keels on face; frontal line incomplete, not present near clypeus; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 4; OOL = 10; OPL = 1.5; TL = 2; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli longer than OPL (3:1.5). Pronotum dull, granulated, crossed by only one weak posterior transverse impression; disc not very humped; posterior collar short; pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Scutum dull, granulated, with numerous areolae on lateral regions; occasionally scutum completely reticulate rugose, or granulated and with posterior half reticulate rugose. Notauli complete, composed of deep areolae; notauli hardly visible, in case of scutum completely reticulate rugose. Scutellum and metanotum dull, granulated. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels on posterior surface. Forewing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much longer than proximal part. Protarsal segment 1 about twice as long as segment 4 (22:13 or 20:13). Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw spatulate ( Fig. 6 ), with one strong subapical tooth and one row of nine lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Fig. 6 ) with three rows of approximately 45 lamellae (among which five lamellae longer than others) extending continuously to distal apex. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Male: fully winged; length 3.1 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna black; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs black, except tarsi and protibia yellow. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 6:5:12:8:9:8:8:8:6:9 Head dull, granulated and reticulate rugose; frontal line complete; POL = 7; OL = 3; OOL = 6; OPL = 1; occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and shortly on sides of ocellar triangle, laterally not reaching eyes. Scutum, scutellum and metanotum dull, granulated and reticulate rugose. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.6X length of scutum. Propodeum reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein forming angle between proximal and distal parts ( Fig. 7 ). Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Hosts. Hemiptera Acanaloniidae (Guglielmino & Olmi 2006) : in the USA (New York): Acanalonia conica (Say) .

Distribution. Canada, USA.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 3. Dryinus alatus, Ƥ. 1. Head in dorsal view of holotype; 2. Chela of specimen from Arizona, Nogales. 3. Enlarged claw of specimens from Arizona, Nogales (up), Michigan, Ann Arbor (mid) and Michigan, Midland Co. (down). Scale bar 0.55 mm for 1, 0, 23 mm for 2, 0.19 mm for 3.

FIGURES 4 – 8. 4, 5. Dryinus americanus, holotype Ƥ, head in dorsal view (4), chela (5). 6, 7. D. crawfordi, chela of holotype (6), stigmal vein of male from Massachusetts, Bedford (7). 8. D. alatus, stigmal vein of male from Arizona, Nogales. Scale bar 0.55 mm for 4, 0.25 mm for 5, 0.16 mm for 6, 0.37 mm for 7, 0.32 mm for 8.