Anisandrus Ferrari, 1867

Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2020, A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China, ZooKeys 983, pp. 1-442 : 1

Anisandrus Ferrari, 1867

Anisandrus Ferrari, 1867: 24.

Type species.

Apate dispar Fabricius, 1793; monotypy.

Diagnosis.

2.1-5.9 mm, 1.88-2.78 × as long as wide, body usually stout and dark. Anisandrus is distinguished most easily by the antennal club obliquely truncate type 1 ( A. achaete type 2), club taller than wide ( A. achaete wider than tall), procoxae narrowly separated, protibiae slender, obliquely or distinctly triangular, outer margin with 5-8 large socketed denticles on distal 1/2, posterior face unarmed, mesonotal mycangial tufts typically present along the pronotal base (missing in three species), either as a small tuft the length of the scutellum and directly opposite it or extending laterally from the scutellum to striae 3 and with elytral base broadly, shallowly emarginated from the scutellum to striae 3. Additional diagnostic characters include: pronotum from dorsal view typically types 0 and 1 ( A. cryphaloides , type 6), pronotum from lateral view tall (type 3), or rounded and robust (type 5), pronotum anterior margin with a row of serrations, pronotum lateral margins obliquely costate, scutellum flat, flush with elytra, and the elytral disc either convex or variously transversely impressed with a saddle-like depression. Species range from nearly glabrous to densely setose and are typically black or dark brown.

Similar genera.

Cnestus , Cyclorhipidion , Hadrodemius , Xylosandrus . Anisandrus is closely related to Cnestus , Hadrodemius and Xylosandrus , all of which possess a mesonotal mycangium and the associated dense tuft of hair-like setae at the scutellar area and pronotal base ( Gohli et al. 2017; Johnson et al. 2018).

Distribution.

Uncommon genus with species occurring in forests of the Holarctic and Paleotropical regions.

Gallery system.

The species usually attack stems of small diameter, and the gallery system consists of a radial or circumferential gallery with several longitudinal branches without brood chambers. SMS collected several species ( A. cristatus , A. lineatus , A. longidens ) in northern Vietnam that had a preference for attacking small saplings just above the soil line.

Remarks.

This genus is remarkably diverse in montane habitats across Asia but most species are poorly known. It is very likely that many additional new species await description.