Icerya

Unruh, Corinne M. & Gullan, Penny J., 2008, Identification guide to species in the scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), Zootaxa 1803 (1), pp. 1-106 : 72-73

Key to the species of Icerya based on adult females (not including I. hanoiensis , I. mangiferae or I. nuda )

1 Abdominal spiracles in two pairs. Open-centre pores present on derm ..................................................... 2

- Abdominal spiracles in three pairs. Open-centre pores present or absent on derm.................................... 5

2 Derm not densely covered in hair-like setae. Ventral submargin with a band of simple multilocular pores, appearing slightly bluish when stained, each with a bilocular or trilocular centre and 4–8 outer loculi ..... .................................................................................................................................................. I. sumatrana

- Derm densely covered in hair-like setae. Ventral submarginal band of simple multilocular pores, which appear slightly bluish when stained, absent................................................................................................. 3

3 Simple multilocular pores on dorsal surface of two types: (i) each pore with bilocular centre and 6–12 outer loculi; and (ii) pores similar to vulvar/anal pores (slightly bluish), each with bilocular, trilocular or quadrilocular centre and 10–12 outer loculi .................................................................................. I. callitri

- Simple multilocular pores on dorsal surface of one type only, each pore with bilocular center and 6–8 outer loculi .................................................................................................................................................. 4

4 Antennae 9 or 10 segmented. In life, adult female with a distinct “pencil” of wax on dorsal surface, corresponding to a dense patch of pores on middorsum....................................................................... I. koebelei

- Antennae 11-segmented. In life, adult female without a distinct “pencil” of wax on dorsal surface, and without a dense cluster of pores on middorsum ......................................................................... I. purchasi

5 Open-centre pores present .......................................................................................................................... 6

- Open-centre pores absent .......................................................................................................................... 15

6 Open-centre pores forming dense transverse rows on dorsal surface as well as around body margins ...... 7

- Open-centre pores generally restricted to margins, not forming transverse rows on dorsal surface......... 10

7 With 1 cicatrix present ............................................................................................................................... 8

- With 3 cicatrices present ............................................................................................................................ 9

8 Open-centre pores, each with 14–16 outer loculi, present. In life, ovisac fluted .................. I. formicarum

- Open-centre pores, each with 18–24 outer loculi, present. In life, ovisac not fluted ................... I. menoni

9 Open-centre pores sparsely scattered on middorsum, each with a triangular cleft ............... I. seychellarum

- Open-centre pores densely clustered on middorsum, each lacking triangular cleft ........................ I. crocea

10 Marsupial band present. Ovisac band absent.............................................................................................11

- Marsupial band absent. Ovisac band present or absent ............................................................................. 12

11 Open-centre pores, each with a faint triangular cleft and 5–7 outer loculi ..................................... I. nudata

- Open-centre pores, each without a triangular cleft and with 14–16 outer loculi ........................ I.samaraia

12 Open-centre pores with a sclerotized rim (see Icerya pilosa group in Table 2) ....................................... 13

- Open-centre pores lacking a sclerotized rim (see Icerya pilosa group in Table 2) ................................... 14

13 Ovisac band present ........................................................................................................................ I. pilosa

- Ovisac band absent ......................................................................................................................... I. kumari

14 Open-centre pores each with a small cleft .................................................................................... I. clauseni

- Open-centre pores each without a small cleft............................................................................ I. natalensis

15 Simple multilocular pores each with bilocular and/or elongate centre only; none with trilocular centres. Ovisac band present .................................................................................................................................. 16

- Simple multilocular pore each with a trilocular, bilocular and/or elongate centre present. Ovisac band absent or present ...................................................................................................................................... 17

16 Ovisac band complete anteriorly, becoming incomplete towards posterior abdomen. With 1 cicatrix present........................................................................................................................................ I. imperatae

- Ovisac band forming a complete band around abdomen. With 3 cicatrices present .......... I. travancorensis

17 Anal/genital pores not restricted to around anal opening and vulva but also found elsewhere such as around ovisac band on ventral abdomen .................................................................................................. 18

- Anal/genital pores restricted to around anal opening and vulva................................................................ 20

18 Pores that appear bilobed present on ventral submargin ..................................................... I. zimmermanni

- Pores that appear bilobed absent................................................................................................................ 19

19 With 1 cicatrix present ............................................................................................................. I. aegyptiaca

- With 3 cicatrices present.............................................................................................................. I. schrottkyi

20 Pores, each with a stalked profile, present on dorsal surface and ventral submargin of head and thorax 21

- Pores, each with a stalked profile, absent.................................................................................................. 23

21 Marsupial band present............................................................................................................. I. assamensis

- Marsupial band absent .............................................................................................................................. 22

22 With 1 cicatrix present ................................................................................................................... I. jaihind

- With 3 cicatrices present............................................................................................................. I. jacobsoni

23 Ovisac absent ............................................................................................................................................ 24

- Ovisac present........................................................................................................................................... 25

24 Multilocular pores, each with a bilocular centre (rarely trilocular), present on dorsum ............. I. australis

- Multilocular pores, each with a bilocular or trilocular centre, equally frequent on dorsum ........ I. acaciae

25 With 1 cicatrix present .............................................................................................................. I. morrisoni

- With 3 cicatrices present............................................................................................................................ 26

26 Dorsal surface with many simple multilocular pores with a quinquelocular or hexalocular centre and 4–6 outer loculi ....................................................................................................................................... I. minor

- Dorsal surface with very few simple multilocular pores with a quinquelocular or hexalocular centre and 4–6 outer loculi ............................................................................................................................. I. pulchra