Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti, 2021

Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Guadanucci, José Paulo Leite & Indicatti, Rafael Prezzi, 2021, The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species, Zoosystema 43 (17), pp. 311-339 : 332-338

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a17
publication LSID	urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7C484284-5BD4-410A-BB6E-0AF98E4F0357
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5008678
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B04C1562-E4F5-478A-B836-FE850178AB6E
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:B04C1562-E4F5-478A-B836-FE850178AB6E
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp.

( Figs 1G, H View FIG ; 18-22 View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B04C1562-E4F5-478A-B836-FE850178AB6E

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Lima Duarte, Conceição do Ibitipoca, Ibitipoca mountain range ; 21°41’14.7”S, 43°53’46.9”W; 11.I.2017; V. M. Ghirotto leg.; under stone, kept alive, became adult in 01.X.2017; CAD 780 . GoogleMaps

Paratypes. Brazil • 2 ♀; same data as the holotype; CAD (1 ♀ CAD 781 , 1♀ CAD 782 ) GoogleMaps • 8 ♂, 1♀; Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca ; 21°42’55.4”S, 43°53’56.9”W; IX.1997; 1380 m a.s.l.; A. de Oliveira & B. M. Sousa leg.; sucupira area, collected with pitfall traps; IBSP (6 ♂, 1 ♀ IBSP 108383 View Materials , 2 ♂ IBSP 108458 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil • 39 ♂, 1 j; Minas Gerais, Lima Duarte, Conceição do Ibitipoca, Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca ; 21°42’55.4”S, 43°53’56.9”W; 1380 m a.s.l.; IX.1997; A. de Oliveira & B. M. Sousa leg.; sucupira area, collected with pitfall traps; IBSP (2♂ IBSP 108377 View Materials , 1♂ IBSP 108379 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108380 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108405 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108407 View Materials , 1♂ IBSP 108415 View Materials , 4 ♂ IBSP 108431 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108433 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108434 View Materials , 1♂ IBSP 108437 View Materials , 9 ♂ IBSP 108448 View Materials , 5♂ IBSP 108463 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108465 View Materials , 3 ♂ IBSP 108475 View Materials , 2 ♂, 1 j IBSP 108476 View Materials , 3♂ IBSP 108477-108479 View Materials , 1 ♂ IBSP 108486 View Materials , 1♂ IBSP 110531 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

DIAGNOSIS. — Males of S. egric Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. resembles those of S. pavesii , S. gugai , S. peri and S. bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. by the elongated and thicker embolus ( Fig. 19 View FIG A-D, J); differ from S. pavesii by the thicker embolus, not curved at the tip ( Fig. 19 View FIG A-D, J); from S. gugai , S. peri and S. bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. by the thicker embolus tip ( Fig. 19 View FIG A-D, J). Females differ from S. gugai and S. pescador by the receptacula with shorter and thicker ducts ( Fig. 21A, B View FIG ); from those of S. arnolisei , S. iguazu and S. tenuistyla by having 2-3 receptacula on each side ( Fig. 21A, B View FIG ); from S. pavesii by the basal dome slight inclined outwards ( Fig. 21A, B View FIG ); from all remaining Stenoterommata species by the shorter and less sclerotized basal dome ( Fig. 21A, B View FIG ). Additionally, individuals can be distinguished from most species by the dark coloration in life ( Fig. 1G, H View FIG ) and by the greater size, both sexes averaging significantly larger than most species of the genus ( Fig. 1 View FIG , note scales).

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet is an acronym taken from “Espeleo Grupo Rio Claro - EGRIC” which organized the expedition to Ibitipoca mountain range that led the first author to collect the type specimens, and in recognition of their efforts in the study and preservation of Brazilian caves.

DESCRIPTION

Male (holotype)

Color pattern: in life, chelicerae, carapace and legs black, abdomen dorsally yellowish brown with dark brown mottling forming a chevron with wide bands. Body covered by black setae ( Fig. 1G View FIG ); in ethanol, chelicerae, carapace ( Fig. 18A View FIG ) and legs reddish brown covered with black and golden setae. Sternum, maxillae and coxae reddish light brown ( Fig. 18B View FIG ). Abdomen dorsally yellowish brown with dark brown mottling forming a chevron with wide bands, densely covered with dark brown setae ( Fig. 18C View FIG ), and ventrally yellowish light brown with few posterior brown stains ( Fig. 18D View FIG ). Total length 15.35. Chelicerae 1.55 long, 1.36 wide (only left side). Carapace 7.56 long, 5.92 wide, with narrow, procurved fovea, 0.77 wide. Abdomen 6.24 long, 3.40 wide. Thoracic region slightly raised. Clypeus narrow, 0.05 long. Eye tubercle 0.78 long, 1.30 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row recurved, posterior slightly recurved ( Fig. 18A View FIG ). Eye sizes: AME 0.34, ALE 0.42, PME 0.26, PLE 0.27. Chelicerae with 10 teeth in prolateral row ( Fig. 19H View FIG ), with c. 35 basal smaller teeth, rastellum weak formed by long thin setae ( Figs 18B View FIG , 17H View FIG ). Intercheliceral tumescence small with few setae on basal region ( Fig. 19H View FIG ). Labium 0.57 long, 1.13 wide, with 2 cuspules ( Fig. 18B View FIG ). Maxillae with 84/90 blunt cuspules on internal basal angle. Serrula weak ( Fig. 19I View FIG ). Sternum oval, 3.58 long, 2.92 wide. Labial sigilla distant from margin by c. 0.1 × it is length, larger than sternal sigilla. Sternal sigilla ( Fig. 18B View FIG ): anterior and medium of the same size, posterior c. 2 × larger; anterior and medium distant from margin by c. 0.5 × length, posterior c. 1× length. Measurements: palp: femur 3.68/ patella 2.29/ tibia 2.51/ cymbium 1.17/ total 9.65; legs: I: femur 6.32/ patella 3.69/ tibia 5.17/ metatarsus 4.68/ tarsus 3.66/ total 23.52; II: 6.03/ 3.38/ 4.30/ 5.26/ 3.10/ 22.07; III: 5.65/ 2.78/ 3.60/ 5.38/ 3.15/ 20.56; IV: 7.01/ 3.19/ 5.20/ 7.25/ 3.29/ 25.94. Spination: palp: femur: d0-0-2; tibia: r1sap; legs: femora:I: d0-0-0-2-2; II: d0-1r-1p-1r-2-2; III: d1-2-2-2; IV: d1-1p-0-2-2; patellae: I: p0-0-1; II: p0-1-1; III: p1-1-1, r0-1; tibiae: I: v3-0-1r-1p-2p ap + 1r megaspine ( Fig. 19G View FIG ), p0-1-1-0; II: v3-0-1r-1p-3ap, p0-1-1-0; III: d0-1, v3-2-3ap, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0; IV: v4-2-3ap, p1-1, r1-1; metatarsi: I: d0-1p-0-1p, v0-1r-0-0-1ap; II: d0-1p-0-1p, v2-2-0-2ap, r0- 0-1-0; III: d1-1r-1p-2-0-2, v2-2-3ap, p1-1-0-1; IV: d2-2-1, v2-0-2-3ap, p1-1-1. Metatarsal preening combs: III: 5VR, 5VP; IV: 7VR, 7VP. Tarsi I-IV flexible ( Fig. 19G View FIG , tarsus I). Scopulae on tarsi I-IV light and symmetric; I, II divided by 3 rows of thin setae; III, IV divided by 4 rows of thicker setae. Scopulae on full length of metatarsi I and on apical 1/5 of metatarsi II, both divided by 3 sparse rows; III, IV absent. STC large with double row of teeth: I: 9, 6, 4, 8; II: 8, 6, 6, 8; III: 8, 6, 7, 8; IV: 9, 7, 6, 7. ITC on tarsus IV. Tricobothria with rounded, elevated bases. Around 60 epiandric spigots. Four spinnerets ( Fig. 18D View FIG ): PMS 0.81 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on 2/3 apical. PLS: basal segment 1.19, median 0.71, apical triangular, 0.60 long, with band of pumpkiniform spigots on inner edge of all segments. Palp: cymbium with elongate dense setae, denser at tip ( Fig. 19E, F View FIG ); tibia ventrally with a shallow excavation on apical third ( Fig. 19E, F View FIG ); tibial excavation and basal region of tegulum with grooves ( Fig. 19 View FIG A-D); bulb piriform, ventrally curved, with embolus thick, dorso-ventrally flattened, with c. 12 parallel keels ( Fig. 19 View FIG A-D).

Female (paratype CAD 781)

Color pattern: in life as in male; in ethanol, chelicerae reddish dark brown, carapace ( Fig. 20A View FIG ) and legs reddish brown, covered with black and golden setae, Sternum, coxae, and maxillae slightly lighter than the carapace ( Fig. 20B View FIG ). Abdomen dorsally yellowish brown with dark brown mottling forming a chevron with wide bands ( Fig. 20C View FIG ), ventrally yellowish brown ( Fig. 20D View FIG ). Total length 25.01. Chelicerae 3.90 long, 2.65 wide (only left side). Carapace 9.35 long, 7.78 wide, with narrow, procurved fovea 1.10 wide. Abdomen 11.76 long, 7.69 wide. Thoracic region slightly raised. Clypeus narrow 0.24 long. Eye tubercle 1.14 long, 1.59 wide, slightly elevated. Anterior eye row slightly recurved, posterior slightly recurved ( Fig. 20A View FIG ). Eye sizes: AME 0.38, ALE 0.55, PME 0.39, PLE 0.35. Chelicerae with 11 teeth in prolateral row, with c. 35 basal smaller teeth, rastellum weak, formed by long thin setae ( Fig. 20B View FIG ). Labium 1.06 long, 1.92 wide, with 2 cuspules ( Fig. 20B View FIG ). Maxillae with c. 110 blunt cuspules on internal basal angle ( Fig. 20B View FIG ). Serrula weak. Sternum oval, 4.67 long, 4.32 wide. Labial sigilla distant from margin by c. 0.1 × its length, larger than anterior sternal sigilla. Sternal sigilla ( Fig. 20B View FIG ): anterior almost round, slightly smaller than medium; posterior c. 2 × larger; all distant from margin by c. 0.5 × length. Measurements: palp: femur 5.11/ patella 3.01/ tibia 3.43/ tarsus 3.16/ total 14.71; legs: I: femur 7.26/ patella 4.79/ tibia 5.09/ metatarsus 4.36/ tarsus 3.20/ total 24.70; II: 6.34/ 4.27/ 4.26/ 4.02/ 3.30/ 22.19; III: 5.48/ 3.22/ 3.30/ 4.51/ 2.48/ 18.99; IV: 7.46/ 4.01/ 5.45/ 6.40/ 2.62/ 25.94. Spination: palp: tibia: v2-1r-1p-4ap, p0-1-0; legs: femora: I, II: d1p sap; III: d0-0-2; patellae: I, II: p0-0-1; III: p1- 1-1, r0-1-0; tibiae: I: v1r-1r-2ap, p0-1-1-0; II: v1r-1r-2ap, p0-1-1-0; III: d0-1, v2-1r-2ap, p1-1, r-0-1-0; IV: v1-1-2ap, r1-1; metatarsi: I: v1r-0-1r ap; II: v1r-2-0-0-2ap, p0-1-0-0; III: d1r-1r-1p-2-0-2, v2-2-3ap, p1-1-1; IV: d0-1r-1p-2-0-2, v2-1p-1r-1p-0-3ap, p0-1-1. Metatarsal preening combs: III: 12VP, 12VR, joined; IV: 4VP, 8VR. Tarsi I, II rigid; III, IV flexible. Scopulae on tarsi I undivided; on tarsi II divided by 2 rows of sparse setae; III divided by 6 rows, IV by 8 rows; III, IV divided by thicker setae; palp and I, II dense and symmetric; III, IV moderate. Scopula on full lenght of metatarsi I, II, undivided; III, IV absent. STC with double row of teeth: I: 7, 5, 3, 5; II: 6, 4, 3, 7; III: 7, 5, 4, 6; IV: 6, 4, 4, 7. STC on legs III, IV, the latter larger. ITC on tarsus IV. Palpal claw with 5 teeth on promargin. Tricobothria with rounded, elevated bases. Four spinnerets ( Fig. 20C, D View FIG ): PMS 1.03 long, with pumpkiniform spigots on apical 2/3. PLS: basal segment 1.86, median 1.23, apical triangular, 0.81 long, with band of pumpkiniform spigots on inner edge of all segments. Spermathecae with 2 receptacula on the right side, 3 on the left side; very small basal dome, inclined outwards, sclerotized at the top, ducts very short, receptacula rounded ( Fig. 21A View FIG ).

VARIATION. — Females (n = 2): total length 25.24-28.74; carapace 9.35-9.92; maxillae with 100-110 cuspules. Spermathecae with 2-3 receptacula ( Fig. 21B View FIG ).

DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Ibitipoca mountain range, Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

HABITAT. — This species inhabits different formations at the type locality. They were found in small forests patches of the Atlantic Forest biome in deeper soils and also savanna formations at the border of the main formation of the Ibitipoca mountain range. These forests patches penetrate and are surrounded by savannas of the Cerrado domain ( Fig. 22A View FIG ). In the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, all the specimens of S. egric Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. were collected in similar habitats as for the holotype ( Sousa & Cruz 2008: 261). Individuals of this species were seen (but not collected) at cave entrances in the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. NATURAL HISTORY

Individuals were found in burrows lined with dense silk underneath stones. The burrow constitutes of one or two entrances ( Fig. 22B View FIG ). Due to few opportunities of active search at night, it is not unlikely that individuals also construct burrows directly in the soil, as does several Stenoterommata species (e.g. S. neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp.). In the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, the specimens of S. egric Ghirotto & Indicatti , n. sp. were collected with pitfall traps by Sousa & Cruz (2008); they represented one of the most common mygalomorph species in the region (47♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.), after Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) (153♂, 2♀, 2 juv.), Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869 and Idiops camelus (Mello-Leitão, 1937) (109♂, 1♀, 1 juv.), Idiopidae Simon,1889 ( Sousa & Cruz 2008; R. P. Indicatti pers. obs.). Stenoterommata spiders, despite being a potential prey for small vertebrates, were not found within the stomach contents of the lizards Enyalius perditus Jackson, 1978 ( Sousa & Cruz 2008). On the other hand, curiously, 13.33% (n = 4) of the sampled lizards had juveniles of the trapdoor spider genus Idiops Perty, 1833 in its stomach contents ( Sousa & Cruz 2008). In addition, these lizards are diurnal, sleeping on the tip of the branches of shrubs and trees at night ( Sturaro & Silva 2010), while juveniles and females of Idiops usually are nocturnal, living within trapdoor burrows ( Indicatti 2013: figs 12, 13; Ferretti et al. 2017: fig. 3 b, c), making the encounter even more difficult. Probably encounters occurred at dusk, during which the two could be active. Although the Idiops have a nocturnal habit, some specimens can be found at dusk on the edge, or even entirely outside their burrows, as observed in several areas of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil (R. P. Indicatti pers. obs.).