Calliprora leucaenae Lee & Hayden, 2019

Lee, Ga-Eun & Hayden, James E., 2019, A new Calliprora species mining lead trees in Florida (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Zootaxa 4555 (3), pp. 301-318 : 303-305

Calliprora leucaenae Lee & Hayden , sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC92303A-46A2-4A82-8CF6-A0E15E826AE1

Type material. Holotype ♂: USA, Florida, Hillsborough Co., Tampa, E. Columbus & 62 St., 27.9670, -82.3853, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 8.i.2017, eclosed 27.i.2017, J. Hayden, E17-66 (FSCA) (reared, not dissected).

Paratypes: USA, Florida: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀: Alachua Co., Gainesville, Museum Road , 29.6446, -82.3635, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 18.vi.2017, J. Hayden, female genitalia and wings slide MGCL-NKU04 ; 1 ♀: same data except 10.vii.2017, MGCL slide 4605 ; 2 ♂♂: same data except 28.ix.2017, [one specimen] MGCL slide 4606 ; 1 ♀: same data except 11.xi.2017 ; 2 ♂♂: Alachua Co., Gainesville, Museum x Radio Roads , 29.64268, -82.36420, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 26.xi.2017, J. Hayden ; 1 ♂: same data except 11.xii.2017 ; 2 ♂♂: Broward Co. Dania Beach, 775 NE 10 th St. empty lot, 26.06301, -80.13411, CAPS IMS UVL [trap], 3.ix.2015, J. Garcia & E. Dougherty, E15-5313 ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: same data except: mining and silking L. leucocephala leaves, 13.ix.2016, J. Hayden, E16-4325, MGCL slides 3670F, 4268M ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: Hillsborough Co., Tampa , US41, 27.90577, -82.40157, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 8.i.2017, J. Hayden, genitalia and wings slide MGCL-NKU01, MGCL-NKU03 ( NKU) ; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀: same data as holotype ; 2 ♂♂: Hillsborough Co. Temple Terrace, 3295 Riverhill Dr. , [sweeping] on trees & shrubs, 5.viii.2015, T. Streeter, E15-4601, MGCL slides 3013 [male gen.], 3275 [wings] ; 1 ♀: Hillsborough Co. Tampa, 6202 Eugene Ave. across street, sweep, 29.iv.2016, T. Streeter, E16-1965, MGCL slide 3441 ; 3 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀: Tampa , U.S. 41, 27.90577, -82.40157, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 8.i.2017, J. Hayden, E17-67 ; 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: Manatee Co., Palmetto, 13604 Reeder Rd. , 27.63936, -82.55574, CAPS Chilo partellus trap CP-D-2a, 26.ii.2018, D. Restom-Gaskill, E18-1298 ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀: same data except: 12.iii.2018, E18-1119, [one specimen] MGCL slide 4644F ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀: Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, 248 St. E. of 177 Ave. , 25.53582, -80.47632, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 11.vi.2017, J. Hayden & J. Awad. (Paratypes two males and two females are deposited in the NKU, and all other paratypes are in the FSCA) .

Other material examined: Whole-body slides: 1 ♂, USA, FL, [Hillsborough Co.] Tampa, US 41 & S. Montg[omery] St. 27.90584 -82.40168 CAPS L. [ymantria] xylina trap LX-D-0004a, 28-VI-2016 D. R.[estom]- Gaskill, E16-3426, slide MGCL 3554; 1 ♂, Hillsborough Co., Tampa, E. Columbus & 62 St., 27.9670, -82.3853, ex L. leucocephala leaves, 8.i.2017, J. Hayden, slide MGCL-NKU02. Four larval cuticle slides: USA, FL, Broward Co. Dania Beach, 775 NE 10 th St. empty lot, 26.06301, -80.13411, mining L. leucocephala leaves, 13.ix.2016, J. Hayden, E16-4325, slide MGCL 3635; Alachua Co. Gainesville, Museum Rd. UF Bathouse gardens, 29.6446, -82.3635 ex L. leucocephala leaves, 11-xi-2017, J. Hayden, slide MGCL 4588; Alachua Co. Gainesville, Museum Rd. UF Ethnoecology garden, 29.6446, -82.3635 ex L. leucocephala leaves, 15-vii-2017, J. Hayden, slides MGCL-NKU32, MGCL-NKU33.

All specimens were reared unless indicated by “trap” or “sweeping.” The dates on reared specimens refer to when the larva was collected. Numbers starting with “E” are DPI Entomology sample numbers.

Diagnosis. Calliprora leucaenae is easily distinguished from congeners by the uniformly colored head and thorax, the uniformly grey proximal half of the forewing, and the presence of two pink stripes obliquely extended from the middle of the forewing costa toward the medial veins ( Figs. 1, 2 ). In the male genitalia, the distal half of the phallus is evenly tapered and equal in length to the bulbous base of the phallus. In the female genitalia, the signum is reduced to capitulum-like processes that extend internally like horns: a long, tail-like anterior process and a pair of shorter posterior processes ( Figs. 10, 10a ). Most of the congeneric species have a head and a thorax with black and white stripes. Some congeners share the uniformly grey forewing base (such as C. sexstrigella , C. erethstis Meyrick , and C. peritura Meyrick ), but in those species, the pale tornal area is absent or smaller and wellseparated from the termen by black, and pink stripes are absent. In C. sexstrigella , the most similar congener, the medial costal streak is a rectangular whitish patch on the costa, there is another white patch on the cell, and an orange-brown (not pink) streak extends distad between the white patches longitudinally instead of obliquely ( Fig. 29 ). In the genitalia of other species, where known, the narrow distal part of the phallus is at least twice the length of the bulbous base, and the anellus lobes are more strongly developed. The signum is a broad, serrate plate with a medial groove and without processes ( C. clistogramma , C. peritura ) or is an oval plate with a small cylindrical process ( C. sexstrigella ) ( Fig. 33 ; Gates Clarke 1969).

Description. Adult. Head ( Figs. 3–4 ). Vertex dark grey, with ochreous reflections; frons yellowish. Labial palpus 0.35–0.50 mm long, whitish on dorsal surface, with narrow black line on ventral surface, segment I very short, segment II 2 to 2.5 times the length of III. Antenna with dorsal surface dark grey, ventral surface white or yellow; male flagellum with short cilia ventrally; female cilia in distal 2/3, shorter than that of male.

Thorax. Dorsum of thorax and tegula dark grey with ocher reflections. Legs whitish yellow. Prothoracic legs with coxa sometimes suffused with dark grey basally, tibia black on outer surface, tarsomeres black and ringed with yellow apically. Mesothoracic legs with femur dark grey proximally, tibia black at base and apex with an oblique black streak at middle, tarsomeres black and ringed with white apically. Metathoracic legs with tibia black on outer surface except middle and apex white, tarsus with first tarsomere white proximally, each tarsomere white-ringed apically.

Wings ( Figs. 1–2 ). Spread forewings span 5.0–7.0 mm. Forewing proximal half grey, distal half black with three pink streaks joined near end of cell: two streaks extended toward distal 1/2 and 1/4 of costa, both whitish at costa, and one pink streak extended longitudinally at anterior 1/2, lying between distal 1/2 and 1/5, its distal end sometimes confluent with postmedial costal streak; broadly yellow-white in tornal area, separated by an oblique black streak extending from posterior margin of discal cell to tornus along CuA 2; some fresh specimens suffused with pink in yellow-white area; distal 1/4 of costa brown, marked with black-tipped whitish scales at subapex and apex; apex elongated, sometimes slightly downward; termen brown, cilia black with pink reflections; dorsum with dark grey cilia; venation ( Figs. 5–7 ): forewing with 11 or 12 veins, all separately arising from discal cell except R 4 and R 5 long-stalked, separated at distal 1/7; CuA 2 sometimes absent ( Fig. 6 , see arrow). Hindwing and cilia dark grey; with 7 or 8 veins, M 1 stalked with Rs, usually faint or sometimes absent ( Fig. 7 , see arrow); CuA 1 and CuA 2 parallel.

Pregenital abdomen ( Fig. 8 ). Male sternum VIII with lateral margins slightly concave, leading to deeply bifid posterior apex. Female abdomen not modified.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 9 ). Uncus subquadrate, width 0.6X length. Gnathos hook slender, sharply bent, apically pointed. Tegumen about 2.5 times longer than uncus, anterior margin broadly concave. Valva moderately digitate, not exceeding apex of uncus, distal 1/3 of costa slightly concave before apex, ventral margin nearly straight, a row of short longitudinal setae in distal 2/3; apex rounded, slightly curved inward. Anellus lobe digitate, 2/5 length of valva, apically bearing a long seta. Juxta with sparse setae, basal 1/3 of inner margin protruded. Vinculum simple and slender. Saccus broad, sub-triangular, lateral margins slightly convex and narrowing toward blunt apex. Phallus with base distinctly bulbous, distal part slender, evenly tapered, equal in length to base, apex pointed.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 10, 10a ). Papillae anales moderately melanized, sub-triangular in lateral view, covered with short setae. Apophyses anteriores 1/2 length of apophyses posteriores. Sternum VIII deeply concave posteriorly about 3/5 of the length and slightly projecting anteriorly; medially with a well-sclerotized subrectangular plate, its posterior margin emarginate at middle. Tergum VIII divided into two sclerites, medially membranous. Ostium bursae at anterior 1/3 of sternum VIII. Ductus bursae posteriorly narrowed, gradually widening toward corpus bursae, slightly twisted at anterior 1/3; ductus seminalis arising from near posterior end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, 2/5 length of ductus bursae, posterior margin with a signum bearing horn-like processes: anterior process long, projecting inward at angle of 30 degrees, meeting posterior process at membrane of corpus bursae; anterior process bifid, shorter than posterior process, transversely projecting inward.

Larva ( Figs. 11–18 ). Length of mature larva 4.5–5.5 mm (n=10). Body light green, head capsule brown; pinacula unpigmented; thoracic legs, prothoracic shield and anal shield light brown.

Head ( Figs. 11, 12 ). Epicranium with deep epicranial notch in frontal view, dorso-ventrally slightly flattened. P1 slightly below AF1, P2 slightly below AF2, with very short seta, Pb between P1 and P2, distance between Pa and stemma 1 less than diameter of stemma; distance between L1 and stemma 1 less than diameter of stemma; A3 and S2 longest setae, S1 below stemma 2, S3 seta long, close to MG1. Mandible with five teeth.

Thorax ( Fig. 13 ). T1 with six pairs of setae on prothoracic shield: XD1 on anterior margin, SD1 and SD2 along ventral margin, D1 and D 2 in shield, D2 longer than D1; XD2 on anterior corner of shield; MXD1 bordering posterior margin of shield; L-group trisetose, L1 below L2 and L3; SV-group bisetose, SV1 slightly longer than SV2; MV3 below V1, MV2 absent. T2–T3 with D1 very short; SD1 much longer than SD2; L-group trisetose, L1 longest seta, L3 slightly longer than L2; MD1 below D-group; MSD1 slightly below MSD2 on T2, above MSD2 on T3; MV1 below SV1, MV3 above V1, MV2 absent.

Abdomen ( Figs. 13 , 15–18 ). D1 below D2 on A1–A7 and A9, above D2 on A8, A1–A6 with D2 slightly shorter than those on thorax; SD1 above SD2 except on A1; SD1 on A9 curved. L-group trisetose on A1–A8 and A10, bisetose on A9, abdominal L2 and L3 shorter than those on thorax, L3 remote from L1 and L2 on A1–A8. SV-group unisetose on A1 and A7–9, bisetose on A2–A6; MD1 below D1 and D2, absent on A9. MV3 above V1; V1 s on A9 minute, closer together than on preceding segments. A10 with SD1 the longest seta, L2 close to SV2. Prolegs with 10–13 crochets: uniordinal, base rounded, apical hook short and round-tipped ( Fig. 16 ). Anal prolegs with a single row of 7–8 crochets ( Fig. 17 ). Anal comb present, consisting of two tines curved inwardly and sharply pointed apically ( Fig. 18 ).

Pupa ( Figs. 19, 19a, 20, 20a ). Mean length 3.5 mm, mean width 1.0 mm, mean dorsoventral thickness 0.7 mm (n=5). Color light brown. Cuticle with minute spines from vertex to anterior margin of mesothorax dorsally. Vertex rounded, labrum U-shaped, labial palpus not exposed. Prothorax with a pair of small bumps on post-lateral corner of tergite. Prothoracic leg slightly shorter than maxilla/haustellum, mesothoracic leg reaching posterior half of body, tip of metathoracic leg visible, extending beyond posterior margin of A4. Posterior margin of forewing reaching posterior margin of A4. A7 with a transverse row of spines near anterior margin, medially absent on sternite. A8 with a pair of ventrolateral projections covered with dense spines. Cremaster absent.

Etymology. The species name is derived from the genitive singular of the genus of its known host plant, Leucaena leucocephala .

Behavior ( Figs. 21–28 ). Neonate larvae mine inside a leaflet. Larger stages tie together two leaflets, either adjacent or opposite ones. Pupation happens between two leaflets. Larvae can exit leaf shelters to create new ones.

Distribution ( Fig. 34 ). Specimens have been collected in Florida, USA, including Alachua, Broward, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Miami-Dade counties.

Remarks. Some specimens have normally long palpi, but some have distinctly short palpi as shown in Figs 3 and 4 . The short palpi belong to reared specimens killed after eclosion, and we assume that the palpi did not expand to their full length.

Additional species examined. Calliprora sexstrigella : 1 ♀, USA, Texas, Bexar Co. Ebony Hill Res. Station , 29.vii.1989, E. Knudson, slide MGCL 3442 ; 1 ♂, Texas, Bexar Co., San Antonio , 29.vii.1984, E. Knudson, slide MGCL 4306 ; 1 ♀, Texas, Culberson Co., Guadelupe Mts. Nat. Park , 8–9.v.2000, E. Knudson and C. Bordelon, slide MGCL 4308 ; 1 ♂, Arizona, Tempe , 17.v.1923, E.V. Walter and M. Martinez, slide ASUHIC-NKU03 ; 1 ♂, Texas, San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge near Sinton , 14–16.vi.1985, E.C. Knudson, genitalia and wing slides MGCL-NKU05 ; 1 ♀, Arizona, Pima Co., Tuscon , 8.vi.1991, R.S. Wielgus, genitalia and wings slide ASUHIC-NKU04 .

Polyhymno luteostrigella : 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, USA, Florida, Alachua Co. Gainesville, Hull Road, FLMNH McGuire Ctr. , 2.viii.2014, 30–31.viii.2015, and 27.iii.2016, J. Hayden, wings slide LGE16164, LGE16165, LGE16166, MGCL-NKU07, MGCL 3289 , MGCL 3305 ; 1 ♂, Florida, Gainesville , 28.viii.1972, J.B. Heppner, slide MGCL 3030 ; 1 ♀, Gainesville , 11.iii.1975, J.B. Heppner, wings slide MGCL 3274 ; 1 ♂, Florida, Monroe Co., Dry Tortugas, Garden Key , 8.v.1961, H.V. Weems Jr., slide MGCL 3947 ; 1 ♂, Florida, Monroe Co., Big Pine Key , 24.7096, -81.3826, UVL, 12–13.iv.2018, J. Hayden & CAPS team, E18-1830, slide MGCL 4817 ; 1 ♂, Florida, Santa Rosa Co., FAMU Biol. Station near Holt , 25–28.viii.1986, J.B. Heppner, slide MGCL 3965 ; 1 ♂, USA, Louisiana, St. John Parish, Edgard , 2.viii.1981, V.A. Brou, gen. and wings slide MGCL 3937 ; 1 ♀, same data except 5.viii.1981, gen. and wings slide MGCL 3946 ; 1 ♀, Missouri, Randolf Co., Rudolf Bennit Wildlife Area , 24.vii.1971, J.R. Heitzman, wing slide MGCL 3963 ; 1 ♂, Oklahoma, Tulsa Co., Bixby , 19.viii.2007, J.M. Nelson, slide MGCL 3966 ; 1 ♀, USA, Puerto Rico, Maricao, Rte. 4409 km. 1.6, 30.i.2016, J. Hayden and C. Penca, slide MGCL 3964 .

Polyhymno sp. cf. luteostrigella : 1 ♂, USA, Florida, Highlands Co. Archbold Biol. Station , 4.v.1975, J.B. Heppner, slide MGCL 3960 ; 1 ♂, USA, Georgia, Camden Co., Crooked River St. Park, 27.iv.1976, J.B. Heppner, slide MGCL 3962 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, USA, Missouri, Benton Co. 4 mi. NW of Warsaw, 10.vii.1971, J.R. Heitzman, gen. and wing slides MGCL 3958 , 3959 .

Polyhymno acaciella : 1 ♂, USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Pueblo Del Sol , 5131 Bannock St. 8.vi.1985, R.S. Wielgus, genitalia and wings slide ASUHIC-NKU01 ; 1 ♀, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Hunter Canyon , 6.vi.1985, R.S. Wielgus, genitalia slide ASUHIC-NKU02 ; 1 ♂, Arizona, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Coronado Nat. Forest , Rte 42B, 1.viii.2005, J.E. Hayden, slide MGCL 3285 .

Polyhymno sp.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, China, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Taiyanghe National Forest Park, 1450 m, 3– 18.iv.2015, Kaijian Teng, genitalia and wings slide LGE16020, LGE16021.

Figures

FIGURE 34. Distribution of C. leucaenae in Peninsular Florida, USA. Squares = collection sites.

FIGURES 1–7. Adults and wing venation of Calliprora leucaenae sp. nov. 1, male, dorsum; 2, female, dorsum; 3, lateral view of male head; 4, lateral view of female head; 5, wing venation of female, slide no. MGCL-NKU03; 6, wing venation of male, slide no. MGCL-NKU02; 7, wing venation of male, slide no. MGCL-NKU01. (Scale bars = 0.5 mm except 1, 2 = 2.0 mm)

FIGURES 8–10. Abdomen and genitalia of C. leucaenae. 8, male abdomen, slide no. MGCL-NKU01; 9, male genitalia, slide no. MGCL-NKU01 (AL, anellus lobe); 10, female genitalia, 10a, enlarged view of signum, slide no. MGCL-NKU03. (Scale bars = 0.2 mm except 8 = 0.5 mm)

FIGURES 29–33. Calliprora sexstrigella (Chambers). 29, male (Texas), dorsum; 30, wing venation of male, slide no. MGCL- NKU05; 31, male abdomen, slide no. MGCL-NKU05; 32, male genitalia, slide no. MGCL-NKU05; 33, female genitalia, slide no. MGCL-NKU06. (Scale bars: 29 = 2.0 mm; 30, 31, 33 = 0.5 mm; 32 = 0.2 mm)

FIGURES 11–13. Chaetotaxy of C. leucaenae. 11, head, frontal view; 12, head, lateral view; 13, T1̅A10, lateral view.

FIGURES 14–18. Larva of C. leucaenae. 14, preserved larva, lateral view; 15, thoracic leg; 16, crochets; 17, A10, ventral view; 18, A10 and anal comb (arrow), dorsal view. (Scale bars = 0.1 mm except 14 = 2.0 mm)

FIGURES 19, 20. Pupa of C. leucaenae. 19, ventral view, 19a, enlarged view of A7̅A10; 20, dorsal view, 20a, enlarged view of A7̅A10. TS, transversal spines; VP, ventrolateral projection. (Scale bar = 1.0 mm)

FIGURES 21–28. Damage and live immature stages of C. leucaenae on Leucaena leucocephala foliage. 21, middle-instar larvae, one initiating mine in senescent leaf (Tampa, FL, January 2017); 22, older instar with head in partial mine (Homestead, FL, June 2017); 23, larva on leaf surface (same origin as Fig. 22); 24, pupal chambers on leaves (Tampa, Jan. 2017); 25, two mined leaflets tied together (Dania Beach, FL, September 2016); 26, leaf with minor damage (Gainesville, FL, September 2017); 27, heavily infested leaf in the field (same origin as Fig. 26); 28, heavily infested leaf (Gainesville, November 2017). (Scales in mm.)