Dingosa serrata (L. Koch) Framenau & Baehr, 2007

Framenau, Volker W. & Baehr, Barbara C., 2007, Revision of the Australian wolf spider genus Dingosa Roewer, 1955 (Araneae, Lycosidae), Journal of Natural History 41 (25 - 28), pp. 1603-1629 : 1621-1625

Dingosa serrata (L. Koch) , n. comb.

( Figures 1G, H , 6A–D , 7 )

Lycosa serrata L. Koch 1877, p 930 –932, Plate 80, Figures 5, 5a , 6, 6a ; Rainbow 1911, p 272; Bonnet 1957, p 2664; Main 1976, p 142.

Pardosa praevelox Simon 1909, p 191 –192; Rainbow 1911, p 276; Roewer 1955a, p 185; Bonnet 1958, p 3407; McKay 1973, p 378; Moritz 1992, p 322 (synonymy established in McKay 1979).

Geolycosa serrata (L. Koch) : Roewer 1955a, p 243; McKay 1973, p 380.

Pardosa serrata (L. Koch) : McKay 1979, p 225 –229, Figures 1a–f , 2a–d ; McKay 1985b, p 85; Platnick 1989, p 383; Platnick 1993, p 500.

Material examined

Syntypes of Lycosa serrata L. Koch : unknown number of males and females, Sydney (33 ° 539S, 151 ° 139E, New South Wales, Australia), Bradley Collection. Not examined (Bradley Collection considered lost; Framenau 2005) . Syntypes of Pardosa praevelox Simon : female, Buckland Hill, near Fremantle (32 ° 019S, 115 ° 459E, Western Australia, Australia), W. Michaelson, R . Hartmeyer, Station 114, 1 June 1905 ( ZMB 11118); female, same data ( MHNP 24360 ) .

Other material examined. Australia: New South Wales: one female, Newell Highway, 88 km SW of Narrandera , 29 ° 089S, 150 ° 029E ( NMV K7614 ) . Queensland: one female with eggsac, Boatman Road near turnoff to Charleville on Cunamulla – Bollon Road, 26 ° 249S, 146 ° 149E ( QM S64939 ) ; two females, Lake Broadwater near Dalby, 27 ° 219S, 151 ° 079E ( QM S64941 ) . South Australia: one male, one female, Billiatt Conservation Park, 34 ° 599290S, 140 ° 289220E ( SAM NN16697–8 ) ; one male, Canunda National Park , 37 ° 399S, 140 ° 139E ( SAM NN16723 ) ; two males, two females, 3 juv., Coffin Bay National Park Ranger Station , 2 km W, 34 ° 319S, 135 ° 199E ( SAM NN16738–41 ) ; one female, Cortina Station , Coorong, 36 ° 179S, 139 ° 509E ( SAM NN16672 ) ; one male, Ferries McDonald Conservation Park, 35 ° 139S, 139 ° 089E ( SAM NN16701 ) ; one female with eggsac, Frans Lake , 31 ° 509S, 134 ° 509E ( SAM NN16742 ) ; five females, Goolwa, 35 ° 309S, 138 ° 469E ( SAM NN16706–10 ) ; two males, one female, Hambidge, 33 ° 239S, 135 ° 579E ( SAM NN16744 , NN16747–8 ) ; one female, 1 juv., Jimmys Well, Mt Rescue Conservation Park , 35 ° 519S, 140 ° 189E ( SAM NN16673 ) ; three males, Jimmys Well, Mt Rescue Conservation Park , 35 ° 519S, 140 ° 189E ( SAM NN16674–6 ) ; three males, one female with eggsac, Keilira Station , 13 km N, 36 ° 359S, 140 ° 109E ( SAM NN16677 , NN16679–81 ) ; one female, Kokatha Sands, Gawler Ranges, 31 ° 259S, 135 ° 259E ( SAM NN16731 ) ; one female, Malinong, 35 ° 299S, 139 ° 309E ( SAM NN16702 ) ; one female with eggsac, Milang, near, 35 ° 249S, 138 ° 589E ( SAM NN16703 ) ; one female, Ngarkat Conservation Park, 35 ° 479S, 140 ° 369E ( SAM NN16686 ) ; one male, Ngarkat Conservation Park, Pinnaroo – Bordertown Road, 35 ° 429140S, 140 ° 489000E ( SAM NN16684 ) ; two males, Ngarkat Conservation Park, Pinnaroo – Bordertown Road, 5 km N of S boundary, 35 ° 459310S, 140 ° 479480E ( SAM NN16690–1 ) ; one female, Penola Native Forest Reserve , 37 ° 289S, 140 ° 519E ( SAM NN16724 ) ; one female, Penola Native Forest Reserve , near W edge, 37 ° 289S, 140 ° 519E ( SAM NN16725 ) ; one female, Pine Hill area , S of Iron Baron, 33 ° 219250S, 137 ° 49110E ( SAM NN16752 ) ; three females, 1 juv., Pinkawillinie Conservation Park, 33 ° 079S, 136 ° 009E ( SAM NN16760–1 , NN16763 ) ; one male, Port Lincoln / Coffin Bay area , 34 ° 459S, 135 ° 409E ( SAM NN16765 ) ; one female with eggsac, Wynarka, 35 ° 079S, 139 ° 439E ( SAM NN16705 ) ; one male, Yumbarra Rockhole, 1 km W, 31 ° 469190S, 133 ° 289200E ( SAM NN16769 ) . Victoria: seven females, Lake Albacutja Park , 15 km WNW of Yaapeet, 35 ° 409S, 141 ° 559E ( NMV K7435 ) ; two females, Lake Albacutja , NW Corner, ca 15 km WSW Yaapeet, 36 ° 049S, 141 ° 559E ( NMV K7613 ) ; one female, Little Desert, 36 ° 339S, 141 ° 509E ( NMV K8134 ) ; one female, Little Desert, Goroka Road, Nihil, 36 ° 339S, 141 ° 389E ( QM S64940) ; one female, Mallee, 36 ° 109S, 146 ° 549E ( NMV K8127 ) . Western Australia: 11 females, four females with eggsac , one female with spiderlings, Western Australia (no exact locality, Perth region , W. J. Lane collection; see Lane 1965) ( WAM T 53879, T53881–3 , T53887–94 , T 53899) ; four males, 24 females, 2 juv., Attadale, 32 ° 019S, 115 ° 489E ( WAM 68 /1001–11, 68/1051–56, 69/99, 69/376B–384B, 69/ 401–2, 71/811) ; two females, Badgerup Swamp, Wanneroo, 31 ° 479S, 115 ° 509E ( WAM 69 / 1038–9) ; one male, Baldivis, 707 Baldivis Road, 32 ° 189S, 115 ° 509E ( WAM T 60074) ; one male, Balga, 31 Preston Way, 31 ° 529S, 115 ° 519E ( WAM 73 /221) ; one male, Bold Park, 31 ° 579S, 115 ° 469E ( WAM T 58362) ; one male, Boorabin, 31 ° 149S, 120 ° 199E ( WAM T 51252) ; one male, Brentwood, High Road, 32 ° 039S, 115 ° 519E ( WAM 69 /672) ; one female with eggsac, Bullsbrook, 31 ° 409S, 115 ° 599E ( WAM 69 /916) ; one male, Cape Cuvier, Quobba Station , 24 ° 139220S, 113 ° 309120E ( WAM T 51291) ; one male, Cape Cuvier, Quobba Station , 24 ° 139270S, 113 ° 279410E ( WAM T 51300) ; six males, Cape Cuvier, Quobba Station , 24 ° 119350S, 113 ° 279200E ( WAM T 51292) ; one female, Cheyne Beach, Albany, at Bluff Creek , 34 ° 559S, 118 ° 259E ( WAM 68 /516) ; one female with eggsac, Collie, 33 ° 229S, 116 ° 099E ( WAM 71 /1431) ; two females, Cottesloe, 31 ° 599S, 115 ° 459E ( WAM 70 /195–6) ; one male, Darkin Road, 32 ° 079400S, 116 ° 309190E ( WAM T 58462) ; six males, Darkin Road, E of (private land), 32 ° 089260S, 116 ° 319459E ( WAM T 51247) ; one female, Darlington, 31 ° 559S, 116 ° 049E ( WAM T 53785) ; six males, Edel Land, 26 ° 319390S, 113 ° 319360E ( WAM T51298–9 ) ; 27 males, Edel Land, 26 ° 319440S, 113 ° 299570E ( WAM T51295–7 ) ; one male, Exclamation Lake , 32 ° 479180S, 121 ° 249340E ( WAM T 51245) ; one female, False Entrance, 26 ° 239S, 113 ° 199E ( SAM NN16780 ) ; one female, Fitzgerald River area (no exact location) ( WAM 70 /207) ; one male, Forrestfield, Hartfield Park, 32 ° 009000S, 115 ° 599430E ( WAM T 55554) ; three males, Francois Peron National Park , 25 ° 529310S, 113 ° 339010E ( WAM T 51293) ; 12 males, Francois Peron National Park , 25 ° 589340S, 113 ° 349160E ( WAM T 51294) ; one male, Frenchman Bay , 35 ° 059S, 117 ° 569E ( WAM T 55309) ; one female, two eggsacs, Gelorup, 33 ° 239S, 115 ° 389E ( WAM T 53436) ; one female with eggsac, Great Northern Highway, 214 mile peg (no exact location) ( WAM 69 /86) ; one female, Greenough, Lucy Beach, 28 ° 549S, 114 ° 429E ( WAM T 53637) ; one male, Greenshields Oak, 17 miles E of Pingrup ( Lake Magenta Reserve ), 33 ° 309S, 118 ° 539E ( WAM 71 /1421) ; one male, Gunyidi Nature Reserve , Midlands Road, 30 ° 119100S, 116 ° 019510E ( WAM T 51255) ; three males, one female, 1 juv., Jandakot, 32 ° 079S, 115 ° 509E ( WAM T 62452) ; one female, Jandakot, 32 ° 069S, 115 ° 529E ( WAM T 47250) ; two males, 1 juv., Julimar Conservation Park, North, 31 ° 219210S, 116 ° 139040E ( WAM T 51265) ; three females, Leeman, 29 ° 569S, 114 ° 589E ( WAM T51559, T53541) ; two males, Mingenew – Mullewa Road, 28 ° 559060S, 115 ° 259490E ( WAM T 51262) ; one male, Morley, 31 ° 539S, 115 ° 549E ( WAM T 53660) ; one male, Mount Sterling Road , 31 ° 599270S, 117 ° 249190E ( WAM T 51261) ; three males, Mullaloo, 4 km at 30 ° from, 31 ° 479S, 115 ° 449E ( WAM T 53464) ; one male, three females, Murdoch University campus, 32 ° 049S, 115 ° 499E ( WAM T51250, T62470) ; one female, Namban Nature Reserve, Namban West Road , 30 ° 229170S, 115 ° 599120E ( WAM T 51256) ; three females, 3 juv., North of Fitzgerald and Susetta Rivers jct., 34 ° 019S, 119 ° 279E ( WAM 71 /5–10) ; four males, 1 juv., Northampton, S of, Tip Road, 28 ° 319570S, 114 ° 449180E ( WAM T 51266) ; one male, Parmelia, 32 ° 159S, 115 ° 479E ( WAM T 55429) ; one female, Point Peron, Lake Richmond , 32 ° 179S, 115 ° 439E ( WAM 70 /197) ; 127 males, Queen Victoria Springs Nature Reserve , 30 ° 149S, 123 ° 419E ( WAM T 48384, T 48386, T48388–9 , T48393, T48395–6, T48461, T48464, T48467, T48470, T48474, T48478, T48482, T48485, T48501–2, T48532, T48536, T48545, T48549, T48554, T48577, T48583, T48594, T48611, T48619, T48689, T48693, T48696, T48705, T48709,T48713, T48741, T48747, T48777, T48780, T48785, T48792, T48801, T48807, T48810, T48817, T48867, T48873, T48883, T48889, T48896, T48956, T48985, T52912, T53057, T53061, T53081, T53085, T53089, T53093, T53112, T53115) ; one male, Reabold Hill, Pert, 31 ° 569S, 115 ° 469E ( WAM 73 /151) ; four males, one female with eggsac, Rossmoyne, 32 ° 029220S, 115 ° 459390E ( WAM 68 /857, 69/83–4, 69/881, 71/1847) ; one female, Rottnest Island , 32 ° 009S, 115 ° 309E ( WAM 68 /859) ; two males, Stirling Range Caravan Park, 34 ° 189550S, 118 ° 119140E ( WAM T 56398) ; one male, 1 juv., Trigg, 31 ° 539S, 115 ° 459E ( WAM 71 /1423–4) ; two males, Wanneroo scrub, 31 ° 459S, 115 ° 489E ( WAM 69 /831–2) ; one male, Warnbro, 32 ° 209S, 115 ° 439E ( WAM T 51244) ; one male, Wilson, 32 ° 029S, 115 ° 559E ( WAM 69 /882) ; one female, Wongan Hills region , 30 ° 539S, 116 ° 409E ( WAM 94 /1910) ; one male, one female, one female with eggsac, Yanchep, 31 ° 339S, 115 ° 419E ( WAM T42157–8 , T 58321) ; one female, York, 7 miles W of, on York – Perth Road, 31 ° 539S, 116 ° 399E ( WAM 68 /858) ; seven males, one female, Zuytdorp, 27 ° 159280S, 114 ° 099020E ( WAM T 51305) ; one male, Zuytdorp, 27 ° 159420S, 114 ° 099090E ( WAM T 51301) ; one male, Zuytdorp, 27 ° 159250S, 114 ° 119160E ( WAM T 51306) .

Diagnosis

Dingosa serrata is most similar to D. simsoni , but differs in the shape of the tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp which is keeled about halfway and has a broad tip (pointed tip curled ventrally in D. simsoni ). The female epigyne is considerably longer than wide in contrast to all other species within Dingosa in which it is generally wider than long.

Description

Male. Based on WAM T 62462.

Prosoma, dorsal shield ( Figure 1G ): dark brown; indistinct black radial pattern; white radial lines of white setae; light brown median band widening anteriorly; two short and dark brown longitudinal lines behind PLE; narrow median line of white setae between eyes and diagonal line of white setae between PME and PLE; distinct light brown submarginal bands; dark brown, blotchy marginal bands; white setae in median and submarginal bands; otherwise black setae; few brown macrosetae around eyes; four bristles below AE, one long bristle between AME.

Sternum: yellow-brown; white setae and ca 10 long brown macrosetae.

Labium: longer than wide; brown; front end truncated and white.

Chelicerae: light brown; covered with dense white setae.

Pedipalps ( Figure 6A, B ): terminal apophysis broad, embolus sickle-shaped with pointed tip; tip of tegular apophysis broad ( Figure 6B ).

Opisthosoma ( Figure 1G ): dark brown to black with laterally serrated median band; light yellow-brown lines laterally of serrated band; lateral sides of opisthosoma dark olive-brown; serrated band with silvery setae, serrated corners darker as they carry dark brown setae; white setae in yellow-brown bands. Venter yellow-brown; covered with white setae, few brown setae in front of epigastric furrow. Spinnerets light brown.

Legs: leg formula VI.I.II.III; brown, femora with lateral darker brown longitudinal banding; scopulate setae ventrally on metatarsi of leg I and II. Spination of leg I: femur: three dorsal, one prolateral; two apicoprolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoretrolateral; patella: one prolateral, one retrolateral; tibia: one dorsal in apical half, three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral; metatarsus: three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoventral, one apicoprolateral, one apicoretrolateral.

Female. Based on WAM T 73725.

Prosoma, dorsal shield ( Figure 1H ): as male.

Sternum: yellow-brown, centrally with greyish pigmentation; setae as male.

Labium: longer than wide; brown; front end truncated and white.

Opisthosoma as male ( Figure 1H ). Venter yellow, covered with white setae. Spinnerets light brown.

Epigyne, ventral view ( Figure 6C ): longer than wide, anterior pockets separated, median septum indistinct.

Epigyne, dorsal view ( Figure 6D ): heads of spermathecae elongated; stalks of spermathecae short.

Legs: leg formula IV.I.II.III; coloration and scopulate setae as male. Spination of leg I: femur: three dorsal, two apicoprolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoretrolateral; patella: one prolateral, one retrolateral; tibia: three ventral pairs, two prolateral; metatarsus: three ventral pairs, one apicoventral.

Measurements. Male WAM T 58362 (female WAM T 62470): TL 13.75 (15.00), PL 6.88 (6.88), PW 5.25 (5.00). Eyes: AME 0.30 (0.27), ALE 0.24 (0.21), PME 0.48 (0.61), PLE 0.45 (0.52). Row of eyes: AE 1.36 (1.48), PME 1.52 (1.70), PLE 1.64 (2.18). Sternum (length/width) 2.75/2.38 (2.50/2.38). Labium (length/width) 0.94/0.91 (0.91/0.94). OL 6.25 (8.50), OW 4.13 (6.75). Legs: lengths of segments (femur+patella/tibia+metatarsus+ tarsus5total length): pedipalp 3.00+2.88+ – +2.5058.38, I 6.13+8.38+6.38+3.50524.38, II 6.00+7.63+6.13+3.50523.25, III 5.63+7.13+6.88+3.50523.13, IV 7.38+9.63+9.00+4.255 30.25 (pedipalp 2.88+2.50+ – +1.8857.25, I 5.88+6.50+4.25+2.38519.00, II 4.75+5.63+ 4.13+2.38516.88, III 4.50+5.25+4.38+2.38516.50, IV 6.13+7.63+6.75+2.63523.13).

Variation. Males (females) (range, mean¡SD): TL 8.55–13.75, 10.72¡1.44; PL 4.80– 6.88, 5.56¡0.68; PW 3.00–5.25, 4.04¡0.60; n 517 (TL 9.45–16.80, 13.21¡2.13; PL 4.80–7.35, 6.12¡0.68; PW 3.45–5.40, 4.43¡0.51; n 525).

Life history and habitat preferences

The majority of mature males were found in March and April, but some were recorded already in February and as late as June. Mature females were found from May to November, with highest numbers between May and August. Females with eggsac were recorded from July until November (see also Lane 1965; McKay 1979). Some females appear to persist through the summer months and copulate the following season ( McKay 1979).

Similar to all other Dingosa , D. serrata is most common on sandy soils. Habitat descriptions include ‘‘sand hills’’, ‘‘sand plains’’ and ‘‘on sand with Scirpa and Callitris ’’, but also ‘‘samphire—lithic complex’’, ‘‘reedy dry swamp’’, ‘‘outer edge of spinifex’’ and ‘‘edge of lake’’.

The burrow of this species is open, vertical and ca 10–20 cm deep. It is surrounded by a palisade made up of a variety of materials ( McKay 1979). During summer, the turret is usually constructed of grass, but towards winter, there is a trend to use leaves and short pieces of wood for renovating and widening ( Lane 1965). Burrows are usually restricted to areas where there is little or no slope ( Lane 1965). Dingosa serrata uses the turret as a barricade whilst waiting for prey. The spider stands on the turret seemingly to increase the distance of vision ( Lane 1965; V. W. Framenau, personal observation).

Remarks

Dingosa serrata was originally described from material of the Bradley Collection. The whereabouts of this collection is unknown and therefore the types are considered lost ( Framenau 2005). However, L. Koch’s (1877) accurate description and illustration of the epigyne leave no doubt about the identity of this species.

Lane (1965) dedicated a large portion of his PhD studies to Dingosa serrata , however, examination of his reference material in the collection of the WAM revealed that his study was based on more than one species. His material also included, in smaller numbers, D. simsoni and D. murata . Similarly, records listed in McKay (1979) as Pardosa serrata include a considerable number of misidentifications and juvenile material that cannot be reliably identified to specific level. Consequently, the information provided by Lane (1965) and McKay (1979) as listed above must be treated cautiously in respect to species-level ecological traits.

Distribution

Western and South Australia, occasionally found in New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland ( Figure 7 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Photographs (dorsal view) of species of Dingosa. (A) Male of D. simsoni (Simon) from Grass Patch, Western Australia (WAM T62462); (B) female of D. simsoni (Simon) from Carnegie Homestead, Western Australia (WAM T53725); (C) male of D. humphreysi (McKay) from Hambidge, South Australia (SAM NN 16745); (D) female of D. humphreysi (McKay) from Goongarrie, Western Australia (WAM 84/649); (E) male holotype of D. murata sp. n. from Zuytdorp, Western Australia (WAM T51303); (F) female paratype of D. murata sp. n. from North Tarin Rock Nature Reserve, Western Australia (WAM 71/1428); (G) male of D. serrata (L. Koch) from Bold Park, Perth, Western Australia (WAM T58362); (H) female of D. serrata (L. Koch) from Murdoch University campus, Perth, Western Australia (WAM T62470).

Figure 2. Dingosa simsoni (Simon), male from Grass Patch, Western Australia (WAM T62462) and female from Numbudding, Western Australia (WAM T53723). (A, B) Male carapace, lateral and frontal view. (C, D) Left pedipalp, ventral and lateral views, respectively; (E, F) female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. Scale bars: 1.00 mm (A, B); 0.50 mm (C, D); 0.10 mm (E, F).

Figure 5. Dingosa murata sp. n., male holotype from Zuytdorp, Western Australia (WAM T51303) and female from North Tarin Rock Nature Reserve, Western Australia (WAM 71/1428). (A, B) Left pedipalp, ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C, D) female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).

Figure 6. Dingosa serrata (L. Koch), male from Baldivis, Western Australia (WAM T60074) and female from Murdoch University campus, Perth, Western Australia (WAM T62470). (A, B) Left pedipalp, ventral and lateral views, respectively; (C, D) female epigyne, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, B); 0.10 mm (C, D).

Figure 7. Records of Dingosa in Australia. Dingosa serrata (L. Koch) (full circles; 184 records); D. murata sp. n. (light squares; 17 records). The syntype series of D. serrata from Sydney is not mapped since the material is lost.