Exetastes rufoabdominalis, Riedel, 2023

Riedel, Matthias, 2023, The genus Exetastes GRAVENHORST in the West Palaearctic region, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (2), pp. 641-692 : 642-648

Key for the Exetastes species of the West Palaearctic region

(modified after KUSLITZKY 2007 and RIEDEL 2015)

Note: the ♁♁ of E. nigritor RIEDEL and of E. rufoabdominalis nov.sp. are unknown to date.

1 Basal part of mandible ± elongate (fig. 6); if mandible closed, then longer than wide (fig. 2). Dorsal mandibular tooth moderately curved dorsally, almost in the axis of clypeus (fig. 132). Clypeus elongate, at most 1.6× as wide as long (figs 2, 6, 10, 20). Flagellum and hind tarsus without yellow rings..................................................................2

- Mandible not elongate basally; if mandible closed, then wider than long (fig. 4). Dorsal mandibular tooth not distinctly curved dorsally to the longitudinal axis of clypeus (figs 133, 134). Clypeus usually wider, more than 1.6× as wide as long (figs 1, 3, 4, 5). Flagellum and hind tarsus sometimes with yellow rings. ....................................................9

2. Flagellum short, with at most 40 flagellomeres, ± filiform (fig. 54). 2 nd flagellomere at most 1.5× as long as preapical flagellomeres. Ovipositor sheath often longer than hind tibia (except in E. crassus ). ................................................................................................. 3

- Flagellum longer, with at least 50 flagellomeres, usually bristle-shaped (figs 53, 56, 58). 2 nd flagellomere>2× as long as preapical flagellomeres. Ovipositor sheath usually shorter than hind tibia .........................................................................................................5

3 2 nd tergite 1.3× as wide as long, with fine superficial punctuation (fig. 70). Ovipositor sheath 0.6× as long as hind tibia, slightly bent upwards (fig. 99). 1 st to 4 th tergites ± red. Mid femur red, mid leg otherwise brownish. Apical tergites with narrow yellowish hind margins. Transpalaearctic................................................. E. crassus GRAVENHORST, 1829

- 2 nd tergite at most 1.1× as wide as long, sometimes with ± distinct punctuation (figs 72, 77, 85). Ovipositor sheath much longer than hind tibia.......................................................4

4 Scutellum with large yellowish spot. Body slenderer. Flagellum with 40-41 flagellomeres. Hind femur 4.6-5.1× as long as wide. Hind tibia brownish or black in apical 0.2. 12-13 mm. Transpalaearctic.................. E. rufifemur HORSTMANN & YU, 1999

- Scutellum black or with small yellowish spot apically. Body stouter. Flagellum with 35-39 flagellomeres. Hind femur 4.2-4.8× as long as wide. Hind tibia black in apical 0.3-0.5. Propodeum usually with two longitudinal ridges basally, with stronger rugosity medially. 12 mm. Transpalaearctic................................. E. degener (GRAVENHORST 1829)

5 Wings distinctly brownish (fig. 77). Ovipositor sheath 0.2× as long as hind tibia (fig. 105). Setae of head and mesosoma short (fig. 37). Mesosoma entirely black. Legs entirely or mainly black. 11.5-12 mm. East Europe, Transpalaearctic. ................................. ........................................................................................... E. holomelaenus MEYER, 1927

- Wings hyaline or slightly infuscate. Ovipositor sheath sometimes longer (figs 102, 112). Mesosoma and legs with various coloration ..............................................................6

6 Frons with median tubercle or horn (fig. 45). Malar space short, MI at most 0.5. Flagellum with 45-48 flagellomeres. Scutellum and subtegular ridge often yellow. Anterolateral spot of mesoscutum yellow in ♁. 1 st to 3 rd or 4 th tergites red (fig. 85). Femora red or blackish; tibiae and hind leg usually brownish. 11 mm. Transpalaearctic. .... ............................................................................................... E. notatus HOLMGREN, 1860

- Frons without median horn (figs 26, 34). Malar space wider, MI at least 0.6. Hind femur red. ............................................................................................................................7

7 Mesosoma with yellow spots: spot of scutellum, usually subtegular ridge and sometimes antero-lateral spots on mesoscutum yellow. Hind tibia apically and hind tarsus infuscate. MI 0.7. Flagellum with 57-62 flagellomeres in ♀ and with 53-55 flagellomeres in ♁. Ovipositor sheath 0.2× as long as hind tibia (fig. 96). 11-1 7 mm. Transpalaearctic. ............................................................. E. albiger KRIECHBAUMER, 1886

- If mesosoma with yellow spots, then hind tibia not infuscate. ...........................................8

8 Temple moderately and roundly narrowed behind eye in ♀ (fig. 34). Flagellum with 55-60 flagellomeres in ♀ and 51-55 flagellomeres in ♁, 1 st flagellomere 0.7× as long as eye in ♁. Mesoscutum very densely punctate (fig. 121). Ovipositor sheath 0.2-0.25× as long as hind tibia (fig. 102). Tergites black. Legs red, coxae black; hind tibia black apically. 11-17 mm. Holarctic and Orientalis.................... E. fornicator (FABRICIUS, 1787)

- Temple strongly and almost linearly narrowed behind eye in ♀ (± roundly in ♁). Flagellum with 61-65 flagellomeres in ♀ and 55-60 flagellomeres in ♁, 1 st flagellomere as long as eye in ♁. Mesoscutum sparsely to densely punctate, distance between punctures 0.5-1.5× their diameter. Ovipositor sheath 0.3× as long as hind tibia. Tergites black, 4 th to 7 th tergites with yellow apical margins (weaker in ♁). 13-15.5 mm. Ukraine, Kazakhstan. .................................................... E. desertus KUSLITZKY, 2007

9 Minimal facial width at least 1.0× eye length (figs 3, 14, 23). Malar space wide, MI 1.0 (except in E. alpius ). Hind femur usually very slender (>6.5× as long as wide) (fig. 94). Setae of head and mesosoma long (at least as long as width of flagellomeres) (fig. 23). Temple strongly and almost linearly narrowed behind eye (figs 27, 38, 48). Coxae and tibiae black. Head and mesosoma often dull, granulate between punctures. .....................10

- Minimal facial width usually <1.0× eye length (0.9-1.0× in E. segmentarius fig. 24). Malar space shorter, MI <1.0 (figs 1, 2, 4). Hind femur often stouter (figs 91-93). Setae of head and mesosoma usually shorter than width of flagellomeres..................................14

10 All tergites black, with wide yellow apical bands. Clypeus more than 2× as wide as long. Lower mandibular tooth larger than upper one. Hind tibia longer than hind femur. Flagellum with 42-46 flagellomeres in ♀ and 44-48 flagellomeres in ♁. Ovipositor sheath 0.6× as long as hind tibia. Mesosoma usually with yellow spots on collar, tegula and sometimes scutellum. 9-12 mm. Transpalaearctic........................ E. tomentosus (GRAVENHORST, 1829) Metasoma black, or black and red, without apical yellow bands. Clypeus at most 2× as wide as long. Hind tibia usually not longer than hind femur.............................................11

11 Metasoma black (fig. 67). Hind edge of pronotum distinctly and triangularly widened (fig. 118). Ovipositor sheath 1.2× longer than hind tibia. Hind coxa 1.8-1.9× as long as wide and hind femur 6.6-7.9× as long as wide in ♁. 10-11 mm. Europe. ............................. ................................................................................................. E. alpius (HEINRICH, 1952)

- Metasoma partly red (figs 78, 88, 90). Hind edge of pronotum moderately and roundly widened (figs 124, 125). Ovipositor sheath either as long as body or much shorter than hind tibia. Hind leg stouter in ♁. .......................................................................................12

12 Ovipositor sheath very long, more than 3× longer than hind tibia. Tegula and hind edge of pronotum yellow. Mesoscutum and scutellum with yellow spots in ♁. 10-12 mm. Europe. ........................................................................... E. ziegleri (GRAVENHORST, 1829)

- Ovipositor sheath much shorter than hind tibia. Tegula red or black ................................13

13 Ovipositor sheath 0.3× as long as hind tibia (fig. 117). Hind edge of pronotum yellow (fig. 126). Apical tergites entirely red (fig. 117). Face about as wide as eye length (fig. 23). 9 mm. ♁ unknown. Turkey. .............................................. E. rufoabdominalis nov.sp.

- Ovipositor sheath 0.6× as long as hind tibia (fig. 106). Mesosoma black, without yellow spots. Apical tergites black (fig. 106). Face wider than eye length (fig. 14). 11- 13 mm. Southeast Europe..................................................... E. hungaricus (BAJARI, 1957)

14 Scutellum with lateral carina in basal half. Apical transverse carina of propodeum distinct and ± lamelliform medially. Flagellum short and filiform in ♀ (as fig. 54), semibristle-shaped in ♁, with 32-36 flagellomeres. Temple wide, ± parallel behind eye (fig. 43). Ovipositor sheath long, 0.8-0.9× as long as hind tibia. Turkey and Central Asia. ............................................................................... E. majevskajae KUSLITZKY, 2007

- Scutellum without or with very short lateral carina basally. Apical transverse carina of propodeum sometimes present, not lamelliform. Flagellum usually longer and often ± bristle-shaped, with more than 40 flagellomeres (figs 52, 53, 56). Ovipositor sheath usually shorter. ..................................................................................................................15

15 ♀♀ .....................................................................................................................................16

- ♁♁.....................................................................................................................................36

16 Tergites black, sometimes with dark reddish shine. Mesosoma without extended yellow coloration, at most scutellum yellow apically. ..................................................................17

- 2 nd and 3 rd tergites ± red. ...................................................................................................24

17 Ovipositor sheath 0.6× as long as hind tibia, ovipositor ± bent upwards (fig. 100). Flagellum with 51-55 flagellomeres, black. Femora, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi reddish-yellow. Hind femur apically, hind tibia mainly or entirely and hind tarsus brown or black. 10-12 mm. Europe ............................................ E. curvator AUBERT, 1977

- Ovipositor sheath at most 0.5× as long as hind tibia. Number of flagellomeres and color of legs various.. .......................................................................................................18

18 Ovipositor sheath 0.5× as long as hind tibia (fig. 110). Flagellum longer than body. Apical flagellomeres stout, almost square (fig. 57). Tips of hind claws strongly bent (by 90°) (as fig. 128). 2 nd tergite square or wider than long (fig. 82). Mesoscutum with coarse punctures, distance between punctures 0.5-2.0× their diameter (as fig. 120). Black, body without yellow spots. All femora and tibiae and fore and mid tarsi partly red. 9.5 -12 mm. Transpalaearctic. ............................... E. laevigator (VILLERS, 1789) part

- Ovipositor sheath at most 0.35× as long as hind tibia. Flagellum as long as body............19

19 Flagellum without yellow ring. Hind tibia and tarsus mainly black (3 rd to 5 th hind tarsomeres often paler in E. femorator ).............................................................................20

- Flagellum and hind tarsus with yellow or ivory rings (sometimes 3 rd and 4 th hind tarsomeres only slightly paler than the other hind tarsomeres)..........................................23

20 Hind coxa (fig. 69) and fore and mid femora reddish-yellow. Hind femur very slender, 7-8× as long as wide (as fig. 94). 12-14 mm. Europe. ....... E. calobatus GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Hind coxa black. Hind femur stouter, <7x as long as wide ...............................................21 21 Metasoma partly reddish (fig. 73). Wings hyaline. Ovipositor sheath 0.3× as long as hind tibia (fig. 101). Temple roundly narrowed behind eye (fig. 33). Fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsi often reddish. 11-13 mm. Transpalaearctic. ..................................... ............................................................................................ E. femorator DESVIGNES, 1856

- Metasoma black. Wings often ± infuscate. Temple strongly and often linearly narrowed behind eye. Fore and mid legs mainly brown or black......................................................22

22 Scutellum black. Ovipositor sheath 0.4× as long as hind tibia. Legs entirely black. Flagellum with 47 flagellomeres. ♁ unknown. 11 mm. Turkey. .. E. nigritor RIEDEL, 2015

- Scutellum with yellow apical spot. Ovipositor sheath 0.3× as long as hind tibia. Fore and mid legs ± reddish or yellowish. Flagellum with more than 60 flagellomeres. 10-12 mm. Europe............................................................................ E. maurus DESVIGNES, 1856

23 Tips of hind claws less strongly bent (as fig. 130). Tergites slightly shining, with microsculpture (fig. 80). Fore and mid legs partly and hind leg except yellow tarsal ring black. Face black (fig. 16). 10-12 mm. Transpalaearctic............. E. illyricus STROBL, 1904

- Tips of hind claws strongly bent (as fig. 128). Tergites shining, with sparse punctures (fig. 68). Legs except black coxae and trochanters red. Facial orbit sometimes with yellowish spot (fig. 4). 11-13 mm. Transpalaearctic and Oriental......................................... ................................................................................................. E. atrator (FORSTER, 1771)

24 Flagellum and often hind tarsus with yellow or ivory rings. Mesosoma and apical tergites often with yellow coloration. ................................................................................25

- Flagellum black, without yellow ring. Mesosoma and tergites black or with ± extended yellow coloration...............................................................................................................28

25 2 nd tergite strongly transverse, 0.7-0.9× as long as wide (fig. 76). Usually scutellum, collar and subtegular ridge yellow (fig. 122). Ocelli large, OED 1.1-1.4× ocellar diameter (fig. 36). 1 st to 4 th tergites red, often with some diffuse brown or blackish suffusion (fig. 76). 6 th and 7 th tergites yellow apically. 2 nd to 4 th hind tarsomeres paler than the other tarsomeres. Ovipositor sheath 0.2-0.3× as long as hind tibia (fig. 104). 9.5-12 mm. Europe................................................... E. gracilicornis GRAVENHORST, 1829

- 2 nd tergite longer, usually about square. Ocelli usually smaller. Ovipositor sheath often longer. Color pattern of mesosoma and metasoma various. ..............................................26

26 Hind leg black (4 th hind tarsomere sometimes slightly paler). Hind femur slender, 7.0- 7.5× as long as wide (as fig. 94). Collar and scutellum with yellow spots. 12-13 mm. Europe. ......................................................................... E. bilineatus GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Hind femur mainly red (in European specimens); if ± black (in some E. adpressorius ), then hind femur stouter (figs 91–93). Mesosoma with or without yellow spots................27

27 Temple shorter (fig. 25). Flagellum about as long as the metasoma, distal flagellomeres ± moniliform (fig. 52). Spot of collar and scutellum apically yellow. Ovipositor sheath 0.3-0.4× as long as hind tibia (fig. 95). 2 nd tergite about as long as wide (fig. 65). Hind coxa sometimes red in specimens from Turkey and the Near East ( var. syriacus ). Hind femur red, sometimes brown or black. 6.5-11 mm. Transpalaearctic. ................................... ..................................................................................... E. adpressorius (THUNBERG, 1822)

- Temple longer (fig. 39). Flagellum as long as the body or slightly shorter, distal flagellomeres linear (as fig. 56). Mesosoma entirely black. Ovipositor sheath 0.2× as long as hind tibia (fig. 107). 2 nd tergite 1.2-1.3× as long as wide (fig. 79). Hind coxa black. Hind femur red, narrowly infuscate apically (in Asian specimens sometimes entirely black). 11-13 mm. Transpalaearctic. ..................... E. illusor GRAVENHORST, 1829

28 Ovipositor sheath at least 0.5× as long as hind tibia (figs 109, 110, 114)..........................29

- Ovipositor sheath shorter...................................................................................................31

29 Temple slightly widened behind eye and narrowed apically (fig. 47). Metasoma stout, 2 nd tergite 0.7-0.8× as long as wide (fig. 87). Scutellum and hind margins of apical tergites yellow. 10-13 mm. Transpalaearctic.................. E. robustus GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Temple ± narrowed behind eye (figs 41, 42). 2 nd tergite almost square (figs 81, 82). Scutellum and apical tergites without yellow coloration. ..................................................30 30 Temple linearly narrowed behind eye, vertical orbit with yellow spot (fig. 41). Malar space long, MI 0.9-1.0. Face with roundish median swelling (fig. 17). Ovipositor ± bent upwards. Setae of head and mesosoma pale (fig. 41). Mesoscutum with fine regular punctuation (fig. 123). Hind femur black or reddish. 13-15 mm. Transpalaearctic. .................................................................... E. inquisitor GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Temple roundly narrowed behind eye, orbits black (fig. 42). Malar space shorter, MI 0.4-0.5. Face with oval median swelling (fig. 18). Ovipositor straight. Mesoscutum with coarse dense punctuation. Hind femur red, hind tibia infuscate apically. 9.5-12 mm. Transpalaearctic ................................................... E. laevigator (VILLERS, 1789) part

31 Scutellum yellow. Hind femur brown or black. 2 nd tergite stout, 0.7-0.8× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath 0.2× as long as hind tibia. MI 0.4. Anterolateral spot of mesoscutum, scutellum, subtegular ridge, hind coxa dorsally and hind margins of apical tergites yellow. 1 st and 2 nd tergites entirely and 3 rd tergite partly red. Femora, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi, hind tibia except apical darkening and hind tarsus ± red. 11-12 mm. East Europe and Central Asia. ........................ E. albomaculatus MEYER, 1921

- Scutellum black. Hind femur black or red. 2 nd tergite usually about square (wider in E. segmentarius ). Ovipositor sheath 0.25-0.5× as long as hind tibia. ....................................32

32 Ovipositor sheath 0.25× as long as hind tibia (fig. 103). Hind tarsus with yellow ring (sometimes weak). 1 st tergite slender, 2.2× as long as wide (fig. 75). Fore and mid femora, fore tibia and tarsus red. Hind femur and hind tibia red, black apically. 2 nd to 4 th tergites red. 11-13 mm. Transpalaearctic. .................. E. geniculosus HOLMGREN, 1860

- Ovipositor sheath 0.3-0.5× as long as hind tibia (figs 111, 115, 116). Hind tarsus without pale ring. 1 st tergite sometimes stouter. Coloration of metasoma and legs various...............................................................................................................................33

33 Minimal facial width 1.0× eye length (fig. 24). Temple slightly and roundly narrowed behind eye (fig. 49). Clypeus slightly convex, with distinct transversal ridge (fig. 24). 2 nd tergite 0.7-0.8× as long as wide. Mesoscutum with small dense punctures. Ovipositor sheath 0.4-0.5× as long as hind tibia (fig. 115). 1 st tergite apically, 2 nd and 3 rd tergites entirely, fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsi, hind femur and bases of hind tibia and hind tarsus red. Transpalaearctic. ........................... E. segmentarius PÉREZ, 1895

- Minimal facial width <0.9× eye length (figs 9, 19). Temple distinctly and often linearly narrowed behind eye (figs 33, 44). Clypeus without distinct transversal ridge. 2 nd tergite 0.8-1.0× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath 0.3-0.4× as long as hind tibia. Coloration of metasoma and legs various..........................................................................34

34 Flagellum with more than 70 flagellomeres. Hind femur very slender, 7.2-7.8× as long as wide (as fig. 94). Hind femur black. Europe. ....................... E. tibialis PFANKUCH, 1921

- Flagellum with less than 70 flagellomeres. Hind femur stouter, at most 6.5× as long as wide (as figs 91-93)...........................................................................................................35

35 Setae of head and mesosoma pale (fig. 44). Hind femur black. 1 st tergite very slender,>2× as long as wide (fig. 84). Face dull, finely and densely punctate (fig. 19). Mesoscutum with finer dense punctuation. Propodeum punctate and shining or with vermiform rugae. 10-12 mm. Transpalaearctic. .............. E. nigripes GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Setae of head and mesosoma brown (fig. 33). Hind femur red, black apically, rarely entirely black. 1 st tergite stouter, <2× as long as wide (fig. 73). Face shining, with coarser rather dense punctures (fig. 9). Mesoscutum with coarser and sparser punctures. Propodeum finely rugose-punctate. 11-13 mm. Transpalaearctic. ........................................ ............................................................................................ E. femorator DESVIGNES, 1856

36 All tergites black. .............................................................................................................37

- At least 2 nd and 3 rd tergites red. .........................................................................................42

37 Flagellum and hind tarsus with yellow rings; legs otherwise black. Spot of facial orbit yellowish. ................................................................................... E. illyricus STROBL, 1904

- Flagellum and usually hind tarsus without yellow rings (sometimes 4 th hind tarsomere yellow in E. laevigator ). All femora mainly or entirely red ..............................................38

38 Head black, sometimes clypeus ± reddish (figs 61, 63). Hind femur of various length.....39

- Clypeus and orbits with yellow coloration (figs 59, 60, 62, 64). Hind femur slender, at least 6.5× as long as wide..................................................................................................41

39 Hind femur red, black apically. Claws moderately bent apically (fig. 129). Base and apex of hind tibia and hind tarsus entirely black ........................ E. curvator AUBERT, 1977

- Hind femur entirely red. Base of hind tibia red, apex and hind tarsus black. ....................40

40 Propodeum without median impression. Apical flagellomeres shorter. Hind femur stouter, 4.4-4.7× as long as wide. ................................. E. laevigator (VILLERS, 1789) part

- Propodeum with ± distinct median impression and slightly bulging lateral margins. Hind femur slenderer, 5.0-5.6× as long as wide. ................ E. problematicus RIEDEL, 2015

41 Hind legs brown or black. ..................................................... E. maurus DESVIGNES, 1856

- Mid and hind coxae and hind femur red, rarely darkened. .................................................... ...................................................................................... E. calobatus GRAVENHORST, 1829

42 Flagellum with yellow ring. ..............................................................................................43

- Flagellum without yellow ring (rarely with weak ring in E. atrator ). ...............................44

43 Hind femur red (rarely ± blackish), stouter, 5.0-5.2× as long as wide................................... ..................................................................................... E. adpressorius (THUNBERG, 1822)

- Hind femur black, slenderer, 6.5× as long as wide ....... E. bilineatus GRAVENHORST, 1829

44 Setae of head and mesosoma brown (as fig. 35). Head and mesosoma without yellow coloration ..........................................................................................................................45

- Setae of head and mesosoma pale (as fig. 41). Head and mesosoma with yellow coloration (except in E. segmentarius ). .............................................................................47

45 Mesoscutum finely and very densely punctate. Setae of mesosoma short. Areolet pointed or sessile frontally. Claws less strongly bent apically (as fig. 130). Hind femur red, black apically, 5.0-6.0× as long as wide. Hind tarsus with yellowish ring. .................... ........................................................................................ E. geniculosus HOLMGREN, 1860

- Mesoscutum with coarse sparse punctures. Areolet ± stalked frontally. Claws strongly bent apically (as fig. 131). Hind femur often stouter, 4.5-5.5× as long as wide. Hind tibia red basally, all femora usually mainly red. Hind tarsus with reddish-yellow ring.....46

46 Mesoscutum with rather dense punctuation (as fig. 125). Seta of head and mesoscutum longer (as long as width of basal flagellomeres). 2 nd flagellomere c. 2.0× as long as wide. ........................................................... E. laevigator (VILLERS, 1789) part

- Mesoscutum with sparser punctuation (fig. 120). Setae of mesoscutum short. 2 nd flagellomere 2.5× as long as wide. ...................................... E. femorator DESVIGNES, 1856

47 Head and mesosoma black. Minimal facial width 1.0× as eye long (as fig. 24). Temple ± parallel behind eye, slightly narrowed apically (as fig. 49). Clypeus with distinct transversal ridge (as fig. 24). Apical half of hind tibia and hind metatarsus black, hind tarsus otherwise paler. ........................................................... E. segmentarius PÉREZ, 1895

- Head and/or mesosoma usually with yellow coloration. Minimal facial width smaller than eye length. Clypeus without or with weak transversal ridge......................................48

48 Vertex with yellow spot (sometimes weak) (fig. 41). Face black. Sometimes hind edge of pronotum and spot of tegula yellow. Malar space long, MI 0.9-1.0. Hind leg except black coxa and trochanter red, sometimes hind femur and tibia mainly blackish. Temple usually almost linearly narrowed behind eye (fig. 41). Hind tarsus usually partly or entirely yellow. ............................................... E. inquisitor GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Vertex without yellow spot. Face and/or mesosoma with yellow coloration. Malar space shorter. Coloration of mesosoma and legs various ..................................................49

49 Mesosoma black, without yellow coloration (sometimes hind edge of pronotum and tegula ± yellow). Face and sometimes coxae with yellow spots. Hind tarsus with yellow ring (sometimes weak)...........................................................................................50

- Mesosoma with ± extended yellow coloration ..................................................................51

50 Face mainly and clypeus yellow (face often with 4 yellow longitudinal stripes) (fig. 62). Ocelli larger, OED 1.3-1.5× ocellar diameter. Hind femur red, blackish apically. Hind tibia mainly red (rarely hind leg except pale tarsal ring blackish). ............................... ........................................................................................... E. illusor GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Face black or with smaller yellow spots (as fig. 60). Ocelli smaller, OED 1.7-2.0× ocellar diameter. Hind femur and hind tibia mainly or entirely black. .................................. ........................................................................................ E. nigripes GRAVENHORST, 1829

51 1 st tergite slenderer, 1.7× as long as wide (as fig. 68). Apical tergite without yellow coloration. Face (fig. 59), clypeus, gena, collar and hind edge of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, anterolateral spot of mesoscutum, spot of mesopleuron, spots of all coxae and ring of hind tarsus yellow. All femora and tibiae, fore and mid tarsi and hind metatarsus red........................................................................... E. atrator (FORSTER, 1771)

- 1 st tergite stouter, not more than 1.5× as long as wide (as fig. 76). Apical tergite with yellow hind margin. Face sometimes with yellow spots. Coloration of mesosoma and legs various .......................................................................................................................52

52 Coxae including hind coxa with large yellow spots. Flagellum with 51-53 flagellomeres. Temple ± parallel behind eye. Frons with medial tubercle. Collar, anterolateral spot of mesoscutum (sometimes also paramedian stripes), scutellum, subtegular ridge, spot of apical propodeum and wide lateral bands of 4 th to 7 th tergites yellow. Legs except coxae red; hind femur ± and hind tibia apically black. ......................... .......................................................................................... E. albomaculatus MEYER, 1921

- Coxae without yellow spots. Flagellum usually with at most 50 flagellomeres. Temple parallel or narrowed behind eye. Frons without median tubercle. Hind femur red (rarely darker). ..............................................................................................................................53

53 Temple moderately and roundly narrowed behind eye (fig. 36). Ocelli large, OED 1.1- 1.3× ocellar diameter. Apical transverse carina of propodeum absent. Usually collar, anterolateral spot of mesoscutum, spot of tegula, subtegular ridge, scutellum, sometimes facial spot, hind margins of apical tergites and ring of hind tarsus yellow. ......... ................................................................................. E. gracilicornis GRAVENHORST, 1829

- Temple ± parallel behind eye (fig. 47). Ocelli smaller, OED 1.6-1.8× ocellar diameter. Apical transverse carina of propodeum usually present. Scutellum, subtegular ridge, rarely anterolateral spot of mesoscutum and hind margins of apical tergites yellow............. ....................................................................................... E. robustus GRAVENHORST, 1829