Fiorinia fioriniae Targioni Tozzetti, 1867

Ahmed, Muhammad Z., Moore, Matthew R., Rohrig, Eric A., McKenzie, Cindy L., Liu, Di, Feng, Jinian, Normark, Benjamin B. & Miller, Douglass R., 2021, Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States, ZooKeys 1065, pp. 141-203 : 141

Fiorinia fioriniae Targioni Tozzetti, 1867

Field characteristics.

First-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; yellow to light brown; longitudinal ridge conspicuous. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with slight white secretion.

First-instar nymph.

Described in Howell (1977).

Second-instar female.

Median lobes broad, equal to or wider than medial lobule of second lobe, projecting ca. same or slightly less than medial lobule of second lobes. With five pairs of marginal macroducts. Swelling of body margin adjacent to macroduct usually rounded. With four large gland spines on margin of each side of body from abdominal segments II-V; usually without small gland spine on each side of abdominal segment VI; with small gland spines on margin or submargin of abdominal segment I. With three microducts on each side of head. Longitudinal line of microducts present submarginally on venter of abdominal segments II-VI, normally with one microduct on each side of each segment. Cicatrices absent.

Second-instar male.

Submargin of abdominal segments II-VI with scattered small-sized macroducts, not in clusters; communal ducts absent. Medial longitudinal line of microducts absent. Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle absent. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with several enlarged setae.

Notes.

The single specimen collected with identified adult females of this species is unusual and may not be the second-instar male of this species. U.S. populations of Fiorinia fioriniae have been reported to be parthenogenetic ( Tippins 1970), so it is surprising to find a male, although many scale insect species with parthenogenetic populations also have sexual populations ( Nur 1990). The specimen is unusual among second-instar males of Fiorinia in lacking tight clusters of marginal ducts. There exist a few other species of Fiorinia with males that similarly lack these ducts, for instance F. nachiensis Takahashi of Japan; thus it is plausible that this really is the male of F. fioriniae .

Florida collection records.

Brevard Co., Melbourne, February 22, 1984, on Phoradendron sp., F.A. Smith (1984-2933, 3014) (2 slides); Brevard Co., Sharpes, January 19, 1972, on Callistemon sp., H.C. Levan (1972-005-008) (4 slides); Broward Co., Dania, January 4, 1966, on Howea sp., J.W. Shirah (1966-7369); Broward Co., Dania, June 26, 1981, on Mangifera indica , M. McDonald (1981-1606) (2 slides); Broward Co., Dania, August 24, 2011, on Persea sp., G. Azone (2011-5990); Broward Co., Davie, April 3, 1962, on Ilex sp., D.P. McLean (1962-2896) (2 slides); Broward Co., Davie, October 12, 1978, on Camellia sp., R. Gaskalla (1978-2879) (2 slides); Broward Co., Coral Springs, October 5, 2011, on Persea americana , L. Charlton (2011-7789) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 5, 1968, on Callistemon sp., D.C. Clinton (1968-2883) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 6, 1970, on Callistemon sp., D.C. Clinton (1970-2878) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, May 2, 1974, on Sabal sp., J.A. Reinert (1974-2915) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, November 13, 1979, on Callistemon citernus , K. Tyson (1979-7500) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 25, 1988, on Howea forsteriana , J. McCluskie (1985-2925) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 25, 1988, on Manilkara roxburghiana , J. Hickey (1988-005); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, January 8, 1984, on Manilkara roxburghiana , J. Hickey (1984-3287) (3 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, December 26, 2003, on Leucospermum sp., G. Farina (2003-6693); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, June 4, 2004, on Laurus nobilis , F.W. Howard (2004-4142) (3 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, February 19, 1979, on Persea americana , R. Gaskalla (1978-3264) (2 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, June 1986, on Howea forsteriana , D. Fenster (1986-008) (3 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, December 5, 1997, on Ravenea rivularis , M.S. Quintanilla (1997-2912) (3 slides); Broward Co., North Lauderdale, May 28, 1981, on Dicytosperma album , D. Clinton and J. Aubry (1981-2895, 2904) (2 slides); Broward Co., Tamarac, March 21, 2012, on Persea americana , C. Millan (2012-1986); Broward Co., on unknown host, June 4, 2004, on Laurus nobilis , F.W. Howard (2004-4142-301); Charlotte Co., Punta Gorda, August 9, 2007, on Camellia japonica , D. Renz (2007-5759); Collier Co., Naples, August 28, 2013, on Palmae, R. Nanneman (2013-6323); Duval Co., Nocatee, April 4, 1978, on Persea americana , L.J. Chambliss (1978-3288) (2 slides); Escambia Co., Pensacola, November 3, 1988, on Prunus angustifolia , G. Corbitt and R. Burns (1988-2899); Glades Co., Moore Haven, October 4, 2006, on Celtis laevigata , L. Richards (2006-7213); Hendry Co., Devils Garden, November 20, 2014, on Persea palustris , M. Terrell (2014-788) (2 slides); Highlands Co., April 28, 1975, on Camellia sp., R.F. Denno, J.A. Davidson, D.R. Miller (1975-2886); Highlands Co., on unknown host, July 24, 1987 on Persea borbonia , R. Payne (1987-2988) (2 slides); Highlands Co., Lake Placid, November 1970, on Camellia sp. J.A. Weidhaas (1970-3265, 3854) (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Sun City, November 14, 1994, on Phoradendron leucarpum , M. Runnals (1994-2918, 3924) (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, April 10, 1964, on Sabal sp., S.A. Fuller (1964-2901); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, March 25, 1983, on Hedera sp., E.R. Simmons (1983-2998, 3943) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, June 9, 1979, on Manilkara roxburghiana , P. Chobrda (1979-011); Indian River Co., Vero Beach, December 16, 1970, on Callistemon sp., R.H. Kendrick (1970-012-016) (5 slides); Lake Co., Tavares, September 9, 2012, on Hedera sp., M. Sellers (2012-6901); Lee Co., Sanibel Island, April 4, 1978, on Zamia sp., R. Driggers (1978-2936); Leon Co., Tallahassee, February 3, 1916, on Camellia sp. A.C.M. (1916-017); Leon Co., Tallahassee, February 3, 1916, on Camellia sp., A.C.M. (1916-2850) (4 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, October 31, 1919, on Camellia sp., P.F. Robertson (1919-021); Levy Co., Bronson, January 4, 2011, on Camellia sp., W. Bailey (2011-29); Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, January 16, 1980, on Dracaena sp., E.W. Campbell (1980-2944); Lucie Co., Lakewood Park, July 16, 1980, on Acoelorrhaphe wrightii , E.W. Campbell (1980-483, 2937) (2 slides); Madison Co., Greenville, March 12, 1993, Ilex sp., F. Bennett (1993-2903); Manatee Co., Oneco, December 17, 1987, on Callistemon sp., A. Waters (1987-014); Manatee Co., Snead Island, April 3, 1991, on Schinus sp., Runnals M. (1991-2922); Manatee Co., Snead Island, April 3, 1991, on Schinus sp. Runnals M. (1991-006-007) (2 slides); Marion Co., Weirsdale, December 22, 1985, on Hedera canarensis , F.J. McHenry (1985-2832, 2894) (2 slides); Martin Co., Hobe Sound, April 21, 1980, on Persea americana , E.W. Campbell (1980-2959); Martin Co., Hobe Sound, June 9, 1981, on Callistemon viminalis , S. Hakala (1981-418); Martin Co., Jensen Beach, September 27, 1978, on Dictyosperma sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-7502) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, February 8, 2012, on Magnolia virginiana , L. West (2012-833) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, October 17, 2012, on Persea palustris , L. West (2012-7964) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, September 1, 1977, on Magnolia sp., E.W. Campbell (1977-2890, 2884) (2 slides); Martin Co., Stuart, January 31, 1978, on Eugenia sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-0955, 3283) (2 slides); Martin Co., Stuart, November 17, 1978, on Myrica sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-021); Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, February 16, 1978, on Magnolia sp., A. Harmon and D. Martinelli (1978-2910); Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, February 16, 1978, on Magnolia virginiana , A. Hamon and D. Martinelli (1978-006-007) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, August 13, 2010, on Gymnanthes lucida , K. Griffiths (2010-4926); Miami-Dade Co., Florida City, November 19, 1986, on Mimusops roxburghiana , L.D. Howerton (1986-962); Miami-Dade Co., Florida City, November 19, 1986, on Mimusops roxburghiana , L.D. Howerton (1986-2914, 2980) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Hialeah, March 28, 1979, on Callistemon viminalis , D. Stocks (1979-3382, 3869) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Hialeah, January 1, 1980, on Callistemon sp., D. Stocks and W. James (1980-2952); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, January 24, 1962, on Macadamia sp., R.J. McMillan (1962-3276) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, October 16, 1962, on Melaleuca sp., J.H. Knowles (1962-2897) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 2, 1969, on Persea sp., D.O. Wolfenbarger (1969-491) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, March 28, 1969, on Persea sp. D.O. Wolfenbarger (1969-026-031) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 2, 1978, on Hedera sp., W.E. Wyles (1978-488); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 27, 1978, on Hedera sp., W.E. Wyles (1978-7522) (5 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, June 8, 1979, on Manilkara roxburghiana , P. Chobrda (1979-0146) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead October 3, 1979, on Persea americana , W.E. Wyles (1979-2928); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, September 11, 2007, on Persea americana , B. Saunders (2007-6958); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, July 31, 2018, on Gymnanthes lucida , W. Mazuk (2018-4092) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Kendall, February 24, 1989, on Camellia sp., W. Francillon (1989-2855) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 22, 1966, on Chamaedora sp., C.F. Dowling (1966-2876) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, June 6, 1967, on Chamaerops sp., J.S. Sloan (1967-2907) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, October 26, 1967 on Callistemon viminalis , J.F. Dillon (1967-3305) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, October 26, 1967, on Callistemon viminalis , J.F. Dillon (1967-038); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 3, 1969, on Howea sp., J.F. Dillon (1969-493, 3060) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 7, 1969, on Howea sp., J.F. Dillon (1969-3267) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, September 5, 1969, on Macadamia ternifolia , J.F. Dillon (1969-045-047) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, January 22, 1975, on Callistemon viminalis , D. Sager (1975-2885) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, July 27, 1978, on Mangifera sp., M. Corman (1978-3308) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 5, 1979, on Kigelia pinnata , P. Chobrda (1979-2913); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, November 5, 1979, on Callistemon sp., H. VonWald (1979-3003); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 1, 1980, on Callistemon viminalis , G. Webster and E. Pena (1980-014); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 1, 1980, on Callistemon viminalis , G. Webster and E. Pena (1980-2881); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 2, 1980, on Santalum album , H. Von Wald and C. Dowling (1980-2935) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 3, 1981, on Persea americana , K. Martin (1981-016 -020) (5 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 3, 1981, on Macadamia ternifolia , W. James (1981-2934) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 25, 1981, on Macadamia ternifolia , W. James (1981-2984); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, February 10, 1982, on Diospyros lotus , H. VonWald (1982-017-019) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 8, 1982, on Eucalyptus sp., P. Perun (1982-223, 2853) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 8, 1982, on Eucalyptus sp., P. Perun (1982-2853); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, November 15, 1985, on Howea forsteriana , D. Chalot (1985-3009) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, September 19, 29, 1986, on Persea americana , D. Storch (1986-021-023, 3091) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, January 17, 2001, Manilkara roxburghiana , E. Putland (2001-189) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 14, 2002, on Persea americana , L. Davis (2002-870); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, August 14, 2007, on Manilkara roxburghiana , O. Garcia (2002-5912); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 11, 2012, on Laurus nobilis , M. Figueroa (2012-3720) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., North Beach, January 20, 1981, on Amyris elemfera , E.W. Campbell and R. Kendrick (1981-2947) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Opa Locka, October 5, 1977, on Callistemon sp., M. Corman (1977-3268, 3278) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Opa Locka, May 22, 1978, on Persea americana , J. Hilderbrandt (1978-3313) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., West Miami, November 22, 1977, on Camellia sp., D. Martinelli (1977-2888, 2898) (2 slides); Monroe Co., Little Torch Key, April 10, 2018, on Bidens alba , P. Corogin, J. Hayden, E. Talamas, B. Danner, J. Farnum (2018-1780); Orange Co., Apopka, Jan 10, 2001, on Ravenea rivularis , K. Gonzalez (2001-116) (2 slides); Orange Co., Belle Isle, January 20, 2006, on Garcinia livingstonei , T. Williams (2006-268); Orange Co., Orlando, February 2013, on Theaceae, A. Puppelo (2013-1127); Orange Co., Orlando, May 27, 2008, on Magnolia virginiana , A. Puppelo (2008-3337); Orange Co., Winter Garden, October 31, 2008, on Machilus thunbergii , G. Warden (2008-7478); Orange Co., Zellwood, March 7, 2019, Laurus nobilis , K. Gonzalez (2019-1006) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boca Raton, May 19, 1982, on Chamaerops humilis , D.C. Clinton (1982-487) (3 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, October 10, 1973, on Ficus sp., K. Geyer (1973-3284) (3 slides); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, May 12, 1978, on Diospyros sp., K.C. Stolley (1978-2852) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, June 7, 1978, on Mimusops sp., K. Stolley (1978-3307); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, September 27, 1991, on Camellia japonica , E. Tannehill (1991-2906); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, January 13, 1988, on Mimusops roxburghiana , D. Leone (1988-2880) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, November 2, 1989, on Sisyrinchium solstitiale , E. Tannehill (1989-485, 3303) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, February 23, 1988, on Melaleuca sp., E. Tannehill and A. Hamon (1988-2851) Palm Beach Co., Jupiter, May 8, 2013, on Magnolia sp., L. West (2013-3217) Palm Beach Co., Lake Park, June 14, 1978, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , J. Bennet (1978-3567) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Park, April 24, 1979, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , J.E. Bennet (1979-2920) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, March 7, 1978, on Kentia sp., J, Bennett (1978-3285); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, October 8, 1981, on Magnolia virginiana , J. Fellers and R. Buchholz (1981-026-027) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, July 13, 1995, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , Cook S.H., Clinton D.C. (1995-3024); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, July 13, 1995, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , S.H. Cook, D.C. Clinton (1995-3024); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, March 25, 2004, on Calophyllum inophyllum , L. Smith (2004-2103); Palm Beach Co., Pahokee, February 22, 1980, on Chrysalidocarpus lutescens , N. Miles and B. Walsh (1980-2955) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., South Bay, November 14, 2018, on Magnolia virginiana , J. Farnum (2018-5955); Palm Beach Co., West Palm Beach, January 14, 1991, on Mangifera indica , R.T. Doll (1991-3566) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Clearwater, January 11, 2013, on Persea palustris , W. Salway (2013-575) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Indian Rocks, October 3, 1972, on Persea americana , K.C. Lowery (1972-2860); Pinellas Co., Largo, November 8, 1978, on Persea sp., P. Pullara (1978-3306); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, August 15, 1967, on Persea sp., C.K. Hickman (1967-2854) (3 slides); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, February 2, 2008, on Persea borbonia , M. Spearman (2004-724); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, May 28, 2009, on Persea borbonia , M. Spearman (2009-3632); Polk Co., Cypress Gardens, January 16, 1962, on Tetrapanax sp., J.N. Pott (1962-3266) (2 slides); Polk Co., Cypress Gardens, August 13, 1964, on Magnolia sp. W.P. Henderson (1964-2905) (2 slides); Polk Co., Lake Wales, October 25, 1962, on Ficus sp., Ralph E. Brown (1962-2857); Polk Co., Winter Haven, April 8, 1980, on Persea Americana , H.G. Schmidt (1980-2938) (2 slides); Polk Co., Winter Haven, July 26, 2018, on Laurus nobilis , J. Bryan (2018-4054); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 23, 1978, on Paurotis sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-032-033) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, January 17, 1979, on Persea sp., E.W. Campbell (1979-2893); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 23, 1979, on Paurotis sp., E.W. Campbell (1979-2900); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, February 24, 1984, on Bumelia tenax , K. Hibbard and E.W. Campbell (1984-492, 2948) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, November 6, 1985, on Paurotis sp., K Hibbard and E.W. Campbell (1985-484, 2950) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 13, 2003, on Phoradendron leucarpum , K. Hibbard (2003-927); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, February 21, 2005, on Ilex cornuta , D. Vazquez (2005-4069); St. Lucie Co., Hutchinson, Isle, April 18, 1980, on Eugenia simpsonii , E.W. Campbell (1980-2990); St. Lucie Co., Port St. Lucie, May 17, 1978, on Persea borbonia , E.W. Campbell (1978-2858) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Port St. Lucie, February 20, 1980, on Persea borbonia , E.W. Campbell and R.H. Kendrick (1980-2989, 3008) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., White City, May 30, 1980, on Persea borbonia , E.W. Campbell (1980-2961) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Allandale, March 16, 1983, on Hedera helix , J.N. Pott (1983-486) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Daytona Beach, August 16, 1984, on Howea forsteriana , J.N. Pott (1984-2994); Volusia Co., Holly Hill, March 15, 1956, on Chamaedorea sp., C.R. Roberts (1956-2877) (3 slides); Volusia Co., New Smyrna Beach, April 8, 1985, on Palm, J.N. Pott (19852942); Volusia Co., New Smyrna Beach, September 27, 1971, on Camellia sp., J.N. Pott (1971-2887, 2889) (8 slides); Walton Co., Walton, February 12, 1980, on Mangifera indica , E.W. Campbell (1980-2946) (2 slides).

Specimens examined for description and diagnosis.

Marion Co., Ocala , August 13, 2019 on Chamaerops humilis , T. Gordon, 5 2nd ♀ , 5 2nd ♂, 10 ad ♀ (2019-4546).

Other material examined from USNM.

Mexico: July 11, 1988, on Mangifera indica , S. Sanner 6 2nd ♀ (El Paso 032924) . Peru: May 7, 1977, on Mangifera indica , R. Narkaus 5 2nd ♀ (Los Angeles 19190) ; August 21, 1972, on Camellia sp., E.B. Lee 1 1st ♀, 4 2nd ♀, 3 ad ♀. Portugal: Azores, August 20, 1928, on Camellia sp., C.A. Davis 1 1st ♀ (at Providence, Rhode Island) . United States: California, San Diego, San Diego Zoo , August 19, 2002, D. Kellum, J.F. Miller, D.R. Miller, on Camellia sp. 3 1st ♀ , 18 2nd ♀, 7 ad ♀; Georgia, Camden Co., June 14, 1969, on Ruscus sp., R.J. Beashear 1 1st ♀ .