SUBFAMILYSCYMNINAE, Mulsant, 1846

Peck, Stewart B., 2016, The beetles of the Lesser Antilles (Insecta, Coleoptera): diversity and distributions, Insecta Mundi 2016 (460), pp. 1-360 : 140-143

SUBFAMILYSCYMNINAE

TRIBESCYMNILLINI

Calloeneis n. sp;sp.; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251. Distribution. Montserrat; singleisland endemic.

Scymnillus badius Weise 1929: 32 ; Gordon 1978: 208. Distribution. Nevis. Trinidad; the Lesser Antilles and Latin America .

Zagloba aeneipennis Sicard 1929: 541 (Scymnus) ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Dominica **. Trinidad **; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Zilus eleutherae (Casey) 1899: 115 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445 ( Scymnillus ); Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Bahamas, Dominica **, Guadeloupe **; widespread Antillesendemic.

Zilus (Scymnillodes) viridimicans Sicard 1922: 357 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 446; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 86. Distribution. Dominica, Jamaica; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. Predator onwhiteflies and Aspidiotus destructor Signoret and Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) . Ivie et al. (2008b: 251) report an undetermined species in this genus from Montserrat.

TRIBESTETHORINI

Stethorus albipes (Mulsant) 1850: 998 ( Scymnus ); Ivie et al. 2008b: 251; Daltry 2009: 67. Distribution. Montserrat, St. Lucia. Colombia; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Stethorus caribus Gordon and Chapin 1983: 245 ; Bennett and Alam 1985: 27; Valentine and Ivie 2005: 278. Distribution. Antigua, Barbados, Cuba, Grenada, Guana, Hispaniola, Nevis, PuertoRico, St. Eustatius , St. Lucia; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. Predaceouson sugarcane thrips ( Fulmekiola serrata Kobus ) and probably on Acarina on Barbados.

Stethorus pinachi Gordon and Chapin 1983: 250 . Distribution. Guadeloupe; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. USA (TX), Mexico ; widespread Antillesand North and/or Central America .

Stethorus pseudocaribus Gordon and Chapin 1983: 247 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe, St. Barthélemy **, Bonaire; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Stethorus utilis Horn 1895: 107 ; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 82; Miskimenand Bond 1970: 91; Gordon and Chapin 1983: 241; Turnbowand Thomas 2008: 28; Thomaset al. 2013: 25. Distribution. Bahamas, Caymans, Cuba; Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Croix. Southern USA to Mexico , Guatemala; widespread Antillesand North and/or Central America .

TRIBE SCYMNINI

Clitostethus dispar Sicard 1929: 530 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 444; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 82; Lucas 2012: 88, 91. Distribution. Curaçao, Dominica, Martinique, St. Martin-St. Maarten. Trinidad, Guyana; the Lesser Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Predator on aphids such as Aleurodicus spp.

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant 1853: 268 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445; Bennettand Alam 1985: 25; Gordon and Hillburn 1990: 271; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Ivie et al. 2008b: 251; Perez-Gelabert 2008: 109; Lucas 2012: 88, 89, 91, 94; Thomaset al. 2013: 24. Distribution. Antigua **, Barbados, Caymans, Guadeloupe**, Hispaniola, Marie-Galante**, Martinique, Montserrat, PuertoRico, St. Barthélemy **, St. Kitts **, St. Martin-St. Maarten**. Bermuda, USA, Central America ; introduced to the Lesser Antilles; native to Australia; introduced as biocontrol agent against Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) , Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) , Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) . Notes. Called the mealybug destroyer ( Wolcott 1951: 207 ). Plate 33.

Nephaspis bootes Gordon 1996: 18 ; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Curaçao, Dominica; the Lesser Antilles and Latin America ?

Nephaspis equuleus Gordon 1996: 32 ; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados, St. Lucia; Lesser Antilles endemic. Note. Daltry (2009: 67) lists two other undetermined species in this genus from St. Lucia.

Nephaspis namolica Gordon 1982: 335 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe **. Colombia; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Nephaspis oculata (Blatchley) 1917: 140 ( Scymnus ); Gordon 1996: 26; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 28; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. = Nephaspis amnicola Wingo 1952: 44 ; Gordon 1985: 102, synonymy; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26 of Barbados. Distribution. Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica **, Guadeloupe **, Martinique **, St. Barthélemy **, St. Martin-St. Maarten**, St. Vincent **. USA; probably elsewhere in Neotropics; widespread New World? Notes. Predaceous on whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) on guava and on Aleuroncanthus woglumi Ashby on Barbados.

Nephaspis n. sp;sp.; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251. Distribution. Montserrat; singleisland endemic?

Nephus sp. nr. near bilucenarius (Mulsant) 1850: 997 ( Scymnus ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 444; Bennett and Alam 1985: 26; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados. Nephus bilucenarius itself is recorded from Mexico , and the Pearl Islands, Panama. Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) , Orthezia insignis Browne , Orthezia praelonga Douglas , Planococcus citri (Risso) , and other coccids. What may be this or other species are reported by Bennett and Alam (1985: 26) as predaceous on Planococcus citri (Risso) , Phenacoccus gossypii (Townsend and Cockerell) , Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) , Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby , Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) , Aspidiotus destructor Signoret , Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis) , Aleurodicus dispersus Russell , Peregrinus maidis (Ashm.) and Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) . Daltry (2009: 67) lists an undetermined species in this genus from St. Lucia.

Nephus sp. Bennett and Alam 1985: 26. Distribution. Barbados. Notes. Introduced to Barbados from India against Saccharicoccus sacchiari (Cockerell) . Probably established; introduced to the Lesser Antilles.

Scymnobius sp. , det. R. Gordon, Oct., 2011 , new genus record, new species record. Distribution. Anguilla *, Barbados *, Grenada *.

[ Scymnus aquilonarius Gordon 1976: 240 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Martinique **. Canada (southern Alberta). Notes. In light of the odd distribution, the Lesser Antilles record should be in question until it can be confirmed.]

Scymnus (Pullus) sp. nr. near apicalis Mulsant 1850: 987 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 444; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados. Scymnus apicallis itself is recorded from Mexico to Colombia, to Brazil. Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on Tetranychus spp. (including Tetranyhchus tumidus Banks ), Aphis spp. , Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) and a number of coccids. What may be this or other species are reported by Bennett and Alam (1985: 26) as predaceous on Aphis gossypii Glover , Tetranychus tumidus Banks , Tetranychus spp. , Myzuspersicae (Sulzer) , Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) , Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) , Peregrninus maidis (Ashmead) and a number of other aphids and coccids on Barbados.

Scymnus coccivora Ramakrishna Ayyar 1925: 491 . Distribution. St. Kitts. Imported into USA from India for biocontrol; introduced to the Lesser Antilles (Gordon 1985: 26).

Scymnus cyanipennis Mulsant 1850: 952 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 444; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 83; Duverger 2001b: no pagination ( Diomus ). Distribution. Antigua, Guadeloupe**; Lesser Antilles endemic.

Scymnus floralis Fabricius 1792: 260 ; Ramos 1946: 36; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 83; Gordon and Hilburn 1990: 273; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251. = Scymnus lowei Mulsant 1850: 980 ; Blackwelder 1944- 1957: 444; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 83; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Anguilla *, Antigua, Barbados *, Guadeloupe**, Grenada *, Martinique**, Mona, Montserrat, PuertoRico, Saba, St. Barthélemy **, St. Eustatius , St. Martin-St. Maarten**. Curaçao, Tobago; Bermuda; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Predator on the scale insects Aleurothrixus spp. and Aspidiotus destructor Signoret on Barbados. Plate 35.

Scymnus (Pullus) gilae Casey 1899: 147 ; Gordon 1985: 169; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe**. USA (sw), Mexico ; widespread Antillesand North and/or Central America ?

Scymnus grenadensis Gorham 1898b: 342 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 444. Distribution. Grenada; single island endemic.

Scymnus (Pullus) phloeus Mulsant 1850: 983 ; Miskimen and Bond 1970: 91; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Valentineand Ivie 2005: 278 (species near); Ivieet al. 2008b: 251. Distribution. Guadeloupe **, Guana, Martinique **, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix; widespread Antillesendemic.

Scotoscymnus sp. , Daltry 2009: 67. Distribution. St. Lucia.

TRIBEDIOMINI

Decadiomus hubbardi Chapin 1933: 98 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 45; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 85; Miskimenand Bond 1970: 91; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251. Distribution. Guadeloupe **, Montserrat, St. Croix; widespread Antilles endemic? Daltry 2009: 67 lists an undetermined species in this genus from St. Lucia. Plate 34.

Decadiomus hughesi Gordon and Hilburn 1990: 279 , Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe **, St. Martin-St. Maarten**. Bermuda; Lesser Antillesendemic? Plate 34.

Diomus austrinus Gordon 1976: 341 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe **, Martinique **, St. Barthélemy **. USA (s FL); widespread and North and/or Central America ? Notes. Ivie et al. (2008b: 251) list four undetermined species in this genus from Montserrat, and Daltry (2009: 66) five from St. Lucia.

Diomus clement Gordon 1999: 58 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe. Trinidad; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Diomus fidelis Gordon 1999: 88 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe. Trinidad, Venezuela; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Diomus ochroderus (Mulsant) 1850: 951 ( Scymnus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 484; Gorham 1898b: 341; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 83; Bennettand Alam 1985: 25; Valentine and Ivie 2005: 278; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guana, Montserrat, Mustique, PuertoRico, St. Barthélemy, St. Vincent; not known from mainland South America ; widespread Antilles endemic. Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on the plant pests Orthezia insignis Browne , Sipha flava (Forbes) , Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) , Aphis spp. , Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) , Aleurodicus cocois Curtis and Aleurodicus dispersus Russell. What may be this species is reported as Diomus sp. Bennett and Alam 1985: 25 on Barbados as predaceous on Icerya purchasi Maskell and Diomus sp. nr. ear ochroderus (Mulsant) by Bennettand Alam 1985: 25 and Tucker 1952: 344 as predaceous on Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) .

Diomus roseicollis (Mulsant) 1853: 270 ( Scymnus ); Fleutiauxand Sallé 1890: 480; Gorham 1898b: 342; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445; Ramos 1946: 36; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 84; Gordon 1999: 74; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Valentineand Ivie 2005: 278; Ivieet al. 2008b: 251; Turnbowand Thomas 2008: 27; Perez-Gelabert 2008: 109; Lucas 2012: 88, 89, 91, 94. Distribution. Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bequia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Martinique, Mona, Montserrat, Mustique, PuertoRico, St. Barthélemy **, St. John, St. Lucia, St. Martin-St. Maarten, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, Vieques (preceding island records from USNM, mostly unpublished). Central America , Trinidad, South America , USA (southern FL); widespread New World. Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on the plant pests Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby , Coccus viridis (Green) , Geococcus coffeae Green , Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) , Aspidiotus destructor Signoret , Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis) , A. dispersus Russell , Planococcus sp. , Planococcus citri (Risso) , Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) and Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend and Cockerell. Plate 34.

Diomus seminulus Mulsant 1850: 954 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445 ( Scymnus ); Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe**. Trinidad **, Brazil; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America ?

Diomus terminatus Say 1835: 203 ; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Guadeloupe **, Martinique **, St. Barthélemy **. USA (widespread eastern and southern). the Lesser Antilles and North and/or Central America ?

Diomus thoracicus (Fabricius) 1801: 378 ( Coccinella ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 484 ( Scymnus ); Gorham 1898b: 341; Uyttenboogaart 1902: 121; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 445; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 84; Miskimenand Bond 1970: 91; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26; Gordon 1999: 76; Lucas 2012: 94; Thomaset al. 2013: 24. Distribution. Barbados, Caymans, Cuba, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Montserrat, Mustique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Vincent, Union. USA (s FL), Mexico to Trinidad to Peru; widespread New World. Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on Sipha flava (Forbes) , Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby , Coccus viridis (Green) , Geococcus coffeae Green , Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) , Pulvinaria urbicola (Cockerell) , and Aphis spp.

TRIBEHYPERASPIDINI

Clypeaspis trilineata (Mulsant) 1850: 667 ( Hyperaspis ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 448; Tucker 1952: 344; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 87; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Gordon and Canepari 2008: 278, generic name change; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent **. French Guiana; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Predaceous on Barbados on Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) .

Hyperaspis connectens Thunberg 1808: 157 ; Gorham 1898b: 340; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 446; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 87; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Perez-Gelabert 2008: 109. Distribution. Guadeloupe**, Hispaniola, Jamaica, PuertoRico, Saba, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius , St. Kitts. USA, Mexico to Nicaragua; widespread Antilles and North and/or Central America . Notes. Predator on Aspidiotus destructor Signoret. Ivieet al. (2008b: 251) list an undetermined species from Montserrat and Daltry (2009: 67) one from St. Lucia. Plate 34.

Hyperaspis donzeli Mulsant 1850: 638 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 447; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 87. Distribution. Curaçao, St. Eustatius. Trinidad; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America . Notes. Predator on Phenacoccus spp. , and Orthezia spp.

Hyperaspis festiva Mulsant 1850: 659 ; Gorham 1898b: 340; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 447; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 87; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Lucas 2012: 89, 91, 94. = Hyperaspis festiva aberration cincticollis Mulsant 1850: 553 of Grenada; Gorham 1898b: 340; Bennettand Simmonds 1964: 86. = Hyperaspis festiva aberration apicalis Weise 1885: 167 of Barbados. Distribution. Barbados, Curaçao, Dominica **, Grenada, Guadeloupe**, Hispaniola, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Barthélemy **, St. Kitts **, St. Vincent **. USA to Mexico , Panama, Colombia, Trinidad, Surinam, Brazil and Argentina; widespread New World. Notes. Predaceous on Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) .

Hyperaspis onerata Mulsant 1850: 552 , Blackwelder 1944-1957: 447; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Martinique **. Colombia; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Hyperaspis raynevali Mulsant 1853: 213 , Blackwelder 1944-1957: 448; Duverger 2001b: no pagination. Distribution. Martinique **. French Guiana, Brazil; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America .

Hyperaspis sp. Bennettand Alam 1985: 26. Distribution. Barbados; introduced to the Lesser Antilles. Notes. Introduced from India as predator against Saccharicoccus sacchari ; (Cockerell), probably not established.

TRIBECRYPTOGNATHINI

Cryptognatha melanura Gorham 1898b: 341 . Distribution. Grenada; single island endemic. Plate 33.

Cryptognathanodiceps Marshall 1912: 321 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 449; Tucker 1952: 344; Bennettand Alam 1985: 25; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados (introduced from Trinidad); introduced to the Lesser Antilles. Trinidad, British Guiana; introduced to Fiji and USA. Notes. Introduced as predator against Aspidiotus destructor Signoret. Plate 33.

TRIBEPENTILIINI

Pentilia egena Mulsant 1850: 502 ; Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 484; Wolcott 1951: 310 ; Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 90; Duverger 2001b: no pagination; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Martinique**, Puerto Rico (introduced). Panama, Trinidad, Brazil; the Lesser Antillesand Latin America ? Notes. Predator on Planococcus citri (Risso) .

Pentilia insidiosa Mulsant 1850: 503 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 450; Wolcott 1951: 310 ); Bennett and Simmonds 1964: 90; Tucker 1952: 344; Bennettand Alam 1985: 26; Lucas 2012: 94. Distribution. Barbados (introduced), Puerto Rico (introduced); introduced to the Lesser Antilles. Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, French Guiana. Notes. Introduced to Barbados from Trinidad against Aspidiotus destructor Signoret ; established.