Alloxysta ligustri, Evenhuis, 1976

Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Selfa, Jesús & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2012, 3376, Zootaxa 3376, pp. 1-92 : 29-43

ligustri

Alloxysta ligustri Evenhuis, 1976: 142 . Type: RMNH ( Evenhuis, 1976: 143).

DISTRIBUTION: The Netherlands ( Evenhuis, 1976: 143).

HOSTS: HP: Ligustrum ovalifolium / HA: Myzus ligustri /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis, 1976: 143).

longipennis (Hartig)

Xystus longipennis Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25).

Allotria longipennis (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Dilyta longipennis (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) longipennis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta longipennis (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

DISTRIBUTION: Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352).

HOST: unknown.

longiventris Baker

Alloxysta longiventris Baker, 1896: 134 . Type: USNM (Type specimen database of USNM) .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) longiventris Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 265.

Alloxysta longiventris Baker : Andrews, 1978: 85.

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Colorado) ( Baker, 1896: 13).

HOST: unknown.

luismii Ferrer-Suay, 2011

Alloxysta luismii Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 694 . Type: MUCR ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 694).

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 695).

HOST: unknown.

lutea (Ionescu)

Nephycta lutea Ionescu, 1969: 235 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

Alloxysta lutea (Ionescu) (M. Forshage pers. com.).

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 236).

HOST: unknown.

luteipes (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) luteipes Kieffer, 1902: 16 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 85).

Charips (Charips) luteipes (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 284 .

Alloxysta luteipes (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 16; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Andrews, 1978: 85).

HOST: HP: Heracleum sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Heracleum sphondylium /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 284).

macrophadnus (Hartig)

Xystus macrophadnus Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25).

Allotria macrophadna (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 130 .

Alloxysta macrophadna (Hartig) Förster, 1869: 340 .

Allotria piceomaculata Cameron, 1883: 367 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 8).

Allotria maculicollis Cameron, 1886: 87 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 125).

Allotria basimacula Cameron, 1886: 87 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 6).

Allotria caledonica Cameron, 1886: 88 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 6).

Allotria macrophadnus (Hartig) Cameron, 1889: 55 .

Allotria crassa Cameron, 1889: 59 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 7).

Allotria filicornis Cameron, 1889: 57 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 125).

Allotria perplexa Cameron, 1889: 58 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 125).

Dilyta macrophadnus (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta piceomaculata (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta maculicollis (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta basimacula (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta caledonica (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta filicornis (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta crassa (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta perplexa (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta scutellata Kieffer, 1902: 9 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1974: 165). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 189).

Alloxysta nigriventris var rubromaculata Kieffer, 1902: 10 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 126).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) macrophadna (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) maculicollis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) basimacula (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) caledonica (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) filicornis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) crassa (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) perplexa (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) piceomaculata (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) scutellata Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) nigriventris var rubromaculata Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) nigriventris rubromaculata Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 257.

Alloxysta macrophadnus (Hartig) Rohwer & Fagan, 1919: 340 .

Alloxysta filicornis (Cameron) Hedicke, 1928: 93 .

Allotria scutellata (Kieffer) Hedicke, 1928: 93 .

Allotria nigriventris rubromaculata (Kieffer) Hedicke, 1928: 93 .

Alloxysta perplexa (Cameron) Hellén, 1931: 4 .

Charips macrophadnus (Hartig) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Alloxysta crassa (Cameron) Hellén, 1963: 12 .

Alloxysta piceomaculata (Cameron) Hellén, 1963: 13 .

Alloxysta basimacula (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

Alloxysta caledonica (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

Alloxysta macrophadna (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

Alloxysta maculicollis (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

Alloxysta nigriventris rubromaculata (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

Alloxysta scutellata (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 90 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 357); Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 130; Hellén, 1963: 12); Belgium ( Lameere, 1907; Crèvecoeur & Maréchal, 1933); Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula (Vasileva- Sumnalieva, 1976: 23); England ( Cameron, 1889: 53; Kieffer, 1902a: 10; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 12); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 10; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352; Höller et al., 1993: 13); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Italy ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Lappland ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Norway ( Hellén, 1966: 393); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 14; Krawczyk et al., 2009: 161); Romania ( Barnea et al., 2005: 87); Russia ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Scotland ( Cameron, 1883: 368; Cameron, 1886: 53); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 408); Switzerland ( Hellén, 1963: 12); The Netherlands ( Evenhuis, 1974: 165).

HOST: HP: Lycium sp. / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis medicagenus /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Lycium europaeum / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense /HA: Aphis medicagenis /HW: unknown (Cavro: 1954: 12). HP: Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa / HA: Acyrthosiphon onobrychidis /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis, 1974: 165). HP: unknown/ HA: unknown/HW: Praon flavinode and Trioxys (Trioxys) curvicaudus ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23) . HP: Medicago sativa /HA: Acyrtosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius ervi ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25) . HP: unknown/ HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius ervi ; HP: unknown/HA: Metopolophium dirhodum /HW: Aphidius poacearum ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis medicaginis /HW: unknown; HP: unknown/HA: Microlophium carnosum , Metopolophium festucae and Pemphigus sp. ( Fergusson, 1986:18) . HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius sp. ( Höller et al., 1993: 15). HP: unknown/HA: Sitobion ptericolens /HW: Aphidius sp. and Praon sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: unknown/HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum and Sitobion avenae / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227).

COMMENTS: Biological control in West et al. (1998); Krawczyk et al. (2009). Biology in Vasileva Sumnalieva (1976); Höller et al. (1993).

NOTE: (1) Fergusson (1986: 10) mentions that Alloxysta macrophadna has been cited with the following names: A. aperta ( Hartig, 1841) by Cameron (1886); A. testacea ( Hartig, 1841) by Cameron (1889); A. brachyptera ( Hartig, 1840) and A. nigriventris ( Thomson, 1862) by Cameron (1890).

(2) " macrophadnus " is evidently a noun in apposition (meaning "a large basin or trough"), not an adjective, therefore it cannot be altered to " macrophadna ". Although subsequent authors have treated the specific name as an adjective, incorrect gender endings cannot be preserved under the "common use" clauses in the Code (M. Buffington, pers. com.).

mara Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar

Alloxysta mara Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2005: 460 . Type: CNCI (Paretas-Martínez & Pujade- Villar, 2005: 460).

DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan ( Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2005: 461).

HOST: unknown.

marshalliana (Kieffer)

Nephycta marshalliana Kieffer, 1900: 114 . Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 126).

Alloxysta marshalliana (Kieffer) Hellén, 1931: 5 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Kieffer, 1900: 114); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 236).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Alloxysta marshalliana was synonymyzed under A. macrophadna by Fergusson (1986) but van Veen (pers. com.) considers it a valid species.

mattiasi Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay n. name

Sarothrus luteipes Ionescu, 1959: 27 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

Alloxysta luteipes (Ionescu) n. comb., non Alloxysta luteipes (Kieffer) .

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1959: 27; Ionescu, 1969: 103).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Mattias Forshage (pers. com.) studied the Ionescu collection and concluded that Sarothrus luteipes belongs to Alloxysta . The name Alloxysta luteipes was preoccupied after the transference of Allotria luteipes (Kieffer) to Alloxysta ( Andrews, 1978: 85) . For this reason, a new name is proposed for this species: A. mattiasi n. name, dedicated to Mattias Forshage for his help and permission to publish this nomenclatural change here.

maxima Hedicke

Alloxysta maxima Hedicke, 1914: 356 . Type: ZMHB ( Hedicke, 1914: 356).

DISTRIBUTION: Norway ( Hedicke, 1914: 353).

HOST: unknown.

megourae (Ashmead)

Allotria megourae Ashmead, 1887: 19 . Type: USNM (M. Buffington, pers. com.).

Allotria (Allotria) megourae Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Alloxysta megourae (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 86 .

DISTRIBUTION: Hawaii ( Beardsley, 1985: 50); USA (California) ( Oatman et al., 1983: 1714; Zuparko & Dahlsten, 1995: 730); USA (Florida) ( Ashmead, 1887: 19; Evans & Stange, 1997: 1).

HOST: HP: Lycopersicum esculentum /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 290). HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp. ( Horn, 1984: 19) . HP: unknown/ HA: Eucallipterus tiliae /HW: Trioxys curvicaudus and Trioxys tenuicaudus ( Zuparko & Dahlsten, 1995: 730) . HP: Citrus /HA: Toxoptera citricida / HW: Lysiphlebus testaceipes ( Evans & Stange, 1997: 1) .

COMMENTS: Behavior in Matejko (1978); Matejko & Sullivan (1979). Biology in Horn (1984); Zuparko & Dahlsten (1995). Tertiary interspecific parasitism in Matejko & Sullivan (1984).

melanogaster (Hartig)

Xystus melanogaster Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25).

Allotria melanogaster (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 129 .

Allotria (Allotria) melanogaster (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Alletria melanogastra (Hartig) Lameere, 1907: 195.

Charips (Charips) melanogaster (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279 .

Alloxysta melanogaster (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 21 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 129); Belgium ( Lameere, 1907); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 21); France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 252); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 86).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis viciae /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Epilobium spicatum / HA: Aphis viciae /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279).

melanothorax (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) pusilla var melanothorax Kieffer, 1902: 14 . Type: NHMA ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 217).

Allotria pusilla melanothorax Kieffer : Kieffer, 1902b: 71.

Charips (Charips) pusillus melanothorax (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280 .

Alloxysta pusilla melanothorax (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

Alloxysta melanothorax (Kieffer) Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 217 .

DISTRIBUTION: Belgium ( Crèvecoeur & Maréchal, 1933); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 14; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Hungary ( Kieffer, 1902b: 71).

HOST: HP: Alisma plantago and Barbarea praecox /HA: unknown/ HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902b: 71). HP: Alisma sp. and Barbarea sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26).

minuscula Andrews

Alloxysta minuscula Andrews, 1978: 66 . Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 66).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Otawa) ( Andrews, 1978: 66).

HOST: unknown.

musti (Rondani)

Xystus musti Rondani, 1876: 83 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 87).

Allotria musti (Rondani) Dalla Torre, 1893: 34 .

Allotria (Allotria) musti (Rondani) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41 .

Charips (Charips) musti (Rondani) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288 .

Alloxysta musti (Rondani) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

DISTRIBUTION: Italy ( Rondani, 1876: 83).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Drosophila uvarum and Drosophila oenopotae ( Rondani, 1876: 84) . HP: Vitis vinifera /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288).

COMMENTS: The hosts Drosophila uvarum and Drosophila oenopotae are probably a mistake, they need to be confirmed.

nigricans Hellén

Alloxysta nigricans Hellén, 1963: 16 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 16).

HOST: unknown.

nigrita (Thomson)

Allotria nigrita Thomson, 1862: 409 . Type: MZLU ( Andrews, 1978: 87).

Dilyta nigrita (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) nigrita (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta nigrita (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

DISTRIBUTION: Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23); France ( Kieffer, 1902b: 44); Hungary ( Fülöp et al., 2010: 55); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 114); Romania ( Barnea et al., 2005: 87); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 409).

HOST: HP: Sonchus asper /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 262); HP: unknown/HA: Drepanosiphum platanoidis /HW: Monoctonus (Falciconus) pseudoplatani ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 24) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Vasileva-Sumnalieva (1976).

nothofagi Andrews

Alloxysta nothofagi Andrews, 1976: 286 . Type: MEUC ( Andrews, 1976: 287).

DISTRIBUTION: Argentina and Chile ( Andrews, 1976: 287).

HOST: HP: Nothofagus antartica / HA: Neuquenaphis edwardsi /HW: Pseudephedreus sp.; HP: Nothofagus oblique /HA: Neuquenaphis schlingeri / HW: Pseudephedreus sp. ( Andrews, 1976: 287).

obscurata (Hartig)

Xystus obscuratus Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 26).

Allotria obscuratus (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Allotria obscurata (Hartig) Dalla Torre, 1893: 34 .

Dilyta obscurata (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) obscurata (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta ullrichi var homotoma Kieffer, 1904: 597 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 216). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) ullrichi homotoma Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 259.

Alloxysta vandenboschi Andrews, 1978: 69 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 148). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 70).

Alloxysta obscurata (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

Alloxysta ullrichi homotoma (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 91 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 358); Canada (Vancouver Island) ( Andrews, 1978: 70);

France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 597; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200; Hübner et al., 2002:

507); Hungary ( Fülöp et al., 2010: 55); Iceland ( Andrews, 1978: 87); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 15);

Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 267); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 88); USA (Alaska) ( Andrews, 1978: 70).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis sp. / HW: Pontania vallisnieri ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 261) . HP: Alnus sp. /

HA: Euceraphis gillete /HW: Praon sp. ( Andrews, 1978: 70) . HP: Centaurea jacea /HA: Uroleucon jaceae /

HW: Aphidius funebris ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

pallidicornis (Curtis)

Cynips pallidicornis Curtis, 1838: 688 (April 1). Type: MVMA ( Quinlan & Fergusson, 1981: 254).

Cynips minuta Zetterstedt, 1838: 410 (December 31). Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Kiriak (1985: 18). Type: MZLU ( Evenhuis & Kiriak, 1985: 16).

Allotria forticornis Giraud, 1860: 129 . Synonymyzed by Quinlan & Fergusson (1981: 254). Type: MNHN ( Andrews, 1978: 82).

Allotria basalis Thomson, 1862: 408 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Kiriak (1985: 18). Type: MZLU ( Evenhuis & Kiriak, 1985: 17).

Dilyta forticornis (Giraud) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) forticornis (Giraud) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Allotria (Allotria) minuta (Zetterstedt) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Alloxysta forticornis (Giraud) Hellén, 1963: 11 .

Alloxysta anthracina Andrews, 1978: 54 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Kiriak (1985: 18). Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 54).

Alloxysta minuta (Zetterstedt) Quinlan & Fergusson, 1981: 254 .

Alloxysta pallidicornis (Curtis) Quinlan & Fergusson, 1981: 254 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 130); England ( Curtis, 1838: 688; Fergusson, 1986: 19); Finland ( Hellén,

1963: 11); France ( Andrews, 1978: 83); Germany ( Taschenberg, 1866: 129; Hübner et al., 2002: 507);

Lappland ( Zetterstedt, 1838: 410); Norway ( Zetterstedt, 1838: 410; Hellén, 1963: 11); Spain (Torras-

Casals, 1996: 196, 197); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 408); Canada (Alberta, Colorado and Quebec) and

USA (Alaska) ( Andrews, 1978: 54); USA ( Evenhuis & Kiriak, 1985: 19).

HOST: HP: Pinus pumilio /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: Pinus sylvestris /HA: Lachnus giraudi (see comments)/HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 83). HP: Conifers/HA: Cinaria spp. ; HP: unknown/HA: Schizolachnus pineti /HW: Pauesia spp. ( Evenhuis & Kiriak, 1985: 17). HP: Conifers/HA: Lachnidae /HW: Pauesia spp. ( Fergusson, 1986: 19) . HP: unknown/ HA: Myzocallis coryli /HW: Lipolexis gracilis ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197). HP: Pinus sylvestris /HA: Cinara pinea /HW: Pauesia picta ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

COMMENTS: The host Lachnus giraudi must be considered as “unidentified aphid belonging to the tribe Lachnini ( Aphididae : Lachninae )” Lachnus giraudi name is probably a nomen nudum (N. Pérez Hidalgo pers. com.).

patens Hellén

Alloxysta patens Hellén, 1963: 15 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 15).

HOST: unknown.

pedestris (Curtis)

Cynips pedestris Curtis, 1838: 688 . Type: MVMA ( Quinlan & Fergusson, 1981: 255).

Allotria pedestris (Curtis) Cameron, 1886: 88 .

Nephycta pedestris (Curtis) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta pedestris (Curtis) Hellén, 1963: 19 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Hellén, 1963: 19); Denmark ( Hellén, 1963: 19); England ( Curtis, 1838: 688); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 19); Germany ( Hellén, 1963: 19); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997; O’Connor, 2002: 122); Madeira ( Borges et al., 2008); Norway ( Hellén, 1966: 393); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 237); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 88); Sweden ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292).

HOST: HP: Daucus carota / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 291). HP: unknown/HA: Metopolophium dirhodum and Microlophium carnosum /HW: unknown ( Fergusson, 1986: 18).

pilipennis (Hartig)

Xystus pilipennis Hartig, 1840: 199 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25).

Allotria pilipennis (Hartig) Thomson, 1862: 406 .

Allotria (Allotria) pilipennis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) pilipennis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283 .

Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 19 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 19); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 199); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 407).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis sp. / HW: Pontania vallisnierii ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283) .

pleuralis (Cameron)

Allotria pleuralis Cameron, 1879: 113 . Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 8).

Allotria (Allotria) pusilla var unicolor Kieffer, 1902: 13 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 220). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 192).

Allotria (Allotria) pleuralis Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Charips (Charips) pleuralis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279 .

Charips (Charips) pusillus unicolor (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280 .

Alloxysta gautieri Kieffer, 1921 IN Gautier, 1921: 306 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1978: 172). Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 83).

Alloxysta pleuralis (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 88 .

Alloxysta pusilla unicolor (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Cameron, 1879: 113; Fergusson, 1986: 19; Müller et al., 1999: 346); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 14; De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Gautier, 1921: 305); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507); India ( Ahmad & Singh, 1996: 26); Ireland ( Fergusson, 1986: 19); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 115); Norway ( Westrum et al., 2010); Poland ( Barczak, 1991: 87); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 85; Fergusson, 1986: 19); Spain ( Tizado & Nuñez-Perez, 1993: 97).

HOST: HP: Alisma sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Alisma plantago /HA: Aphis sp. / HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Trioxys placidus ( Gautier, 1921: 307) . HP: Alisma plantago / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown (Cavro: 1954: 13). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis pomi /HW: Trioxys angelicae ; HP: Cotoneaster sp. /HA: Aphis pomi /HW: unknown; HP: Robinia pseudacacia /HA: Aphis craccivora /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis, 1972: 215). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis pomi /HW: Trioxys pallidus ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae and Aphis craccivora /HW: unknown ( Fergusson, 1986: 19). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis craccivora /HW: Trioxys indicus ( Singh & Srivastava, 1987a: 11; Singh & Srivastava, 1987b: 325; Singh & Srivastava, 1987c: 337; Singh & Srivastava, 1988b). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Trioxys indicus ( Singh & Srivastava, 1989: 351; Singh & Srivastava, 1988a: 167; Ahmad & Singh, 1996: 26). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Lysiphlebus delhiensis ( Singh & Tripathi, 1988: 397) . HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Lysiphlebus delhiensis , Trioxys indicus , Aphidius uzbekistanicus , Lipolexis scutellaris and Lysiphlebia mirzai ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis gossypii / HW: Trioxys indicus ( Singh & Srivastava, 1990) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Trioxys sp. ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis pomi /HW: Trioxys pallidus and Trioxys angelicae ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis craccivora /HW: Trioxys indicus ; HP: unknown/HA: Uroleucon spp. /HW: Trioxys centaureae ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum maidis /HW: Lysiphlebus delhiensis ( Barczak, 1991: 92) . HP: unknown/ HA: Aphis ruborum /HW: Trioxys angelicae ( Tizado & Nuñez-Perez, 1993: 97) . HP: unknown/HA: Microlophium carnosum and Aphis (Epilobium) /HW: Binodoxys sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Chenopodium sp. /HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Trioxys angelicae ; HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis /HW: Trioxys angelicae ; HP: Evonymus europaeus /HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Trioxys angelicae ; HP: Malus domestica /HA: Aphis pomi /HW: Trioxys angelicae ; HP: Heracleum sphondylium / HA: Cavariella sp. /HW: Trioxys heraclei ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227).

COMMENTS: Biology in Singh & Srivastava (1987a); Singh & Srivastava (1987b); Singh & Srivastava (1987c); Singh & Srivastava (1988a); Singh & Srivastava (1988b); Singh & Tripathi (1988); Singh & Srivastava (1989); Barczak (1991); Ahmad & Singh (1996); Vardal et al. (2003).

NOTE: Alloxysta gautieri Kieffer, 1921 was described in Gautier (1921: 306). This species was synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1978: 172) with A. pleuralis . Evenhuis (1971: 98) mentioned that A. gautieri has four propodeal keels, like A. pleuralis , but he did not mention where the type material of A. gautieri is.

postica (Hartig)

Xystus posticus Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 26).

Allotria posticus (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Allotria postica (Hartig) Cameron, 1890: 234 .

Dilyta posticus (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) postica (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta postica (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 88 .

DISTRIBUTION: Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23); Czech Republic ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 257); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis aparines /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 257). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Trioxys (Binodoxys) angelicae ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Vasileva-Sumnalieva (1976).

proxima Belizin

Alloxysta proxima Belizin, 1962: 128 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287).

DISTRIBUTION: Mednii Island (Preobrazenskoe, Russia) ( Belizin, 1962: 128).

HOST: unknown.

pusilla (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) pusilla Kieffer, 1902: 13 . Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 192).

Charips (Charips) pusillus pusillus (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279 .

Alloxysta pusilla pusilla (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 358); England ( Sanders & van Veen, 2010: 706); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 13; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507); Italy (Genova) ( Mantero, 1906); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 255).

HOST: HP: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum , Salix viminalis and Populus alba /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902a: 13). HP: Chrysanthemum sp. , Populus sp. and Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis /HW: Lysiphlebus cardui ( Hübner et al., 2002: 509) .

quebeci Andrews

Alloxysta quebeci Andrews, 1978: 66 . Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 67).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Quebec) ( Andrews, 1978: 67).

HOST: unknown.

quedenfeldti (Kieffer)

Charips quedenfeldti Kieffer, 1909: 482 . Type: ZMHB ( Weld, 1952: 252).

Alloxysta quedenfeldti (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

DISTRIBUTION: Algeria ( Kieffer, 1909: 482).

HOST: unknown.

ramulifera (Thomson)

Xystus minutus Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 25).

Allotria minuta (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 127 .

Allotria ramulifera Thomson, 1862: 407 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 25). Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Nephycta discreta Förster, 1869: 340 . n. syn. Type: NMW ( Evenhuis, 1978: 170).

Allotria (Allotria) ramulifera Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) minuta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Allotria (Allotria) parvicellula Kieffer, 1904: 601 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Kiriak (1985: 19). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 195).

Charips (Charips) minuta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 276 .

Charips (Charips) ramulifera (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 281 .

Charips (Charips) parvicellula (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286 .

Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 20 .

Alloxysta minuta (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 21 .

Alloxysta discreta (Förster) Andrews, 1978: 81 .

Alloxysta parvicellula (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 127; Hellén, 1963: 21); Belgium ( Lameere, 1907); England ( Andrews, 1978: 86; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 21); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 601; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200; Förster, 1869: 340; Hübner et al., 2002: 507); Hungary ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 115); Madeira ( Borges et al., 2008); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 15); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 235; Prelipcean et al., 2004: 60); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 86); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 408); The Netherlands ( Hellén, 1963: 21).

HOST: HP: Eryngium campestre / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: Eryngium campestre and Rumex acetocella / HA: Aphis sp. / HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277). HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp. ( Horn, 1984: 19) . HP: unknown/HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic), Sitobion spp. and Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Aphelinus sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Ribes cf. alpinum /HA: Cryptomyzus sp. /HW: Aphelinus sp. ( Hübner et al., 2002: 509).

COMMENTS: Biology in Horn (1984).

NOTE: (1) Alloxysta minuta ( Hartig, 1840) was a homonymy of Alloxysta minuta ( Zetterstedt, 1838) . For this reason, Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 218) assigned the name of the first junior synonym for the Hartig species: Alloxysta ramulifera .

(2) Alloxysta discreta was listed as a valid name by Müller et al. (1999). Nevertheless, the specimens of A. discreta belong to the males of A. ramulifera (van Veen, pers. com.). We synonymize these two species with permission of van Veen.

(3) The specimens of Alloxysta minuta ( Hartig, 1840) determined by Cameron (1890) belong to A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902) ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 189) .

rauchi Andrews

Alloxysta rauchi Andrews, 1978: 67 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 68).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada ( Andrews, 1978: 68).

HOST: HP: Populus trichocarpa /HA: Chaitophorus populicolus /HW: Aphelinus sp. ( Andrews, 1978: 68) .

ruficollis (Cameron)

Allotria ruficollis Cameron, 1883: 365 . Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 9).

Allotria megaptera Cameron, 1889: 54 . n. syn. Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 8).

Allotria (Allotria) megaptera Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) ruficollis Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) ruficollis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280 .

Charips (Charips) megapterus (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 281 .

Alloxysta megaptera (Cameron) Quinlan, 1974: 8 .

Alloxysta ruficollis (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 90 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Cameron, 1889: 54); Scotland ( Cameron, 1883: 365).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: (1) Alloxysta ruficollis was listed as a synonym of A. fulviceps in Fauna Europaea, following alternate synonymies under A. erythrothorax (made by Quinlan, 1974) and A. castanea (made by Evenhuis, 1982); van Veen (pers. com.) considers A. ruficollis as valid, and also considers Alloxysta megaptera a synonym of A. ruficollis . Alloxysta megaptera was previously synonymyzed with A. fulviceps by Fergusson (1986). We synonymize here A. megaptera with A. ruficollis with permission of van Veen.

rufiventris (Hartig)

Xystus rufiventris Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 26).

Allotria rufiventris (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Dilyta rufiventris (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) rufiventris (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta rufiventris (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 90 .

DISTRIBUTION: Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200).

HOST: unknown.

rufa (Ionescu) new combination

Charips rufus Ionescu, 1959: 256 . Type: probably lost (M. Forshage pers. com.).

Alloxysta rufa (Ionescu) n. comb.

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1959: 271).

HOST: unknown.

salicicola Belizin

Alloxysta salicicola Belizin, 1973: 36 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288).

DISTRIBUTION: Russia ( Belizin, 1973: 36).

HOST: HP: Salix sp. /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Belizin, 1973: 36).

sawoniewiczi (Kierych)

Adelixysta sawoniewiczi Kierych, 1988: 351 . Type: MZPW ( Kierych, 1988: 353).

Alloxysta sawoniewiczi (Kierych) Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150 .

DISTRIBUTION: Poland ( Kierych, 1988: 351).

HOST: unknown.

schlingeri Andrews

Alloxysta schlingeri Andrews, 1978: 68 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 69).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Arizona) ( Andrews, 1978: 69); USA (California) ( Oatman et al., 1983: 1714); USA (Texas) ( Watterson & Stone, 1982: 667).

HOST: HP: Carex sp. /HA: Iziphya sp. /HW: Mesidia sp. ( Andrews, 1978: 69) . HP: unknown/HA: Monellia caryella /HW: Aphelinus perpallidus ( Watterson & Stone, 1982: 667) . HP: unknown/HA: Monelliopsis pecanis and Monellia caryella /HW: Aphelinus perpallidus ( Edelson & Estes, 1987: 336) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Watterson & Stone (1982); Edelson & Estes (1987).

semiaperta Fergusson

Alloxysta semiaperta Fergusson, 1986: 11 . Type: BMNH ( Fergusson, 1986: 19).

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Fergusson, 1986: 19); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997).

HOST: unknown.

simplex (Watanabe)

Charips simplex Watanabe, 1950: 86 . Type: EIHU ( Watanabe, 1950: 87).

Alloxysta simplex (Watanabe) Andrews, 1978: 90 .

DISTRIBUTION: Japan ( Watanabe, 1950: 86).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Amphorophera magnolia/ HW: Praon volucre ; HP: unknown/HA: Amphorophera indica / HW: Praon longicornis ( Watanabe, 1950: 87) .

silvestrii (Kieffer)

Auloxysta silvestrii Kieffer, 1908: 66 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 90).

Charips silvestrii (Kieffer) Weld, 1952: 252 .

Alloxysta silvestrii (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 90 .

DISTRIBUTION: Italy ( Kieffer, 1908: 66).

HOST: unknown.

soluta Hellén

Alloxysta soluta Hellén, 1963: 10 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 11).

HOST: unknown.

transiens Kieffer

Alloxysta transiens Kieffer, 1902: 10 . Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 189).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) transiens Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39.

Alloxysta transiens Kieffer : Andrews, 1978: 91.

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 10; De Gaulle, 1908: 26).

HOST: HP: Alnus glutinosa /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902a: 10). HP: Alnus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26).

tricolor (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) tricolor Kieffer, 1902: 14 . Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 192).

Charips (Charips) tricolor (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 281 .

Alloxysta tricolor (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 91 .

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 14; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 260).

HOST: HP: Salix sp. /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902a: 14). HP: Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Salix sp. / HA: Cavariella sp. /HW: Trioxys sp. ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 219).

tscheki (Giraud)

Allotria tscheki Giraud, 1860: 128 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 91).

Allotria (Allotria) tscheki Giraud : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) tscheki (Giraud) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285 .

Charips tscheki (Giraud) Dunn, 1949: 106 .

Alloxysta tscheki (Giraud) Hellén, 1963: 18 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 128; Hellén, 1963: 19); Belgium ( Lameere, 1907); England ( Cameron, 1889: 54); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 19); France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285); Germany ( Taschenberg, 1866: 129; van Veen et al., 2003: 450); Hungary ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285); Romania (Feraru et al., 2005: 67); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 85); Western Europe ( Andrews, 1978: 91).

HOST: HP: Ribes sp. /HA: Aphis platanoides and Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Ribes rubrum /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Acer pseudoplatus / HA: Aphis platanoides (sic)/HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285). HP: Cirsium palustre /HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic)/HW: Aphidius matricariae ; HP: Ribes alpinum ; HA: Cryptomyzus sp. /HW: Aphidius ribis ; HP: Picea sitchensis /HA: Elatobium abietinum /HW: Aphidius schimitscheki ( van Veen et al., 2003: 2) .

COMMENTS: Genetic in van Veen et al. (2003). Spatial heterogeneity in van Veen et al. (2002).

ullrichi (Giraud)

Allotria ullrichi Giraud, 1860: 130 . Type: NMW ( Giraud, 1860: 130).

Dilyta ullrichi (Giraud) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) ullrichi (Giraud) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) ullrichi ullrichi (Giraud) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 259 .

Alloxysta ullrichi ullrichi (Giraud) Andrews, 1978: 91 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 128); Belgium ( Fabianus, 1900); Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23); England ( Cameron, 1889: 56); Germany ( Taschenberg, 1866: 129); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 114); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 268; Barnea et al., 2005: 87).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Nematus gallicola ( Andrews, 1978: 92) . HP: Quercus sp. /HA: Tuberculoides annulatus /HW: Praon flavinode ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Vasileva-Sumnalieva (1976).

unicolor Ionescu

Alloxysta unicolor Ionescu, 1969: 268 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 268).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Myzus cerasi /HW: unknown ( Ionescu, 1969: 268).

urticarum (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) urticarum Kieffer, 1902: 12 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 92).

Charips (Charips) urticarum (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 278 .

Alloxysta urticarum (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 12; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Andrews, 1978: 92).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis urticarial /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902a: 12; De Gaulle, 1908: 26).

vagans Kieffer

Alloxysta vagans Kieffer, 1909: 480 . Type: unknown ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 148).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Massachusetts) ( Kieffer, 1909: 480).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Hyalopterus dactylidis /HW: unknown ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 148).

victrix (Westwood)

Allotria victrix Westwood, 1833: 495 . Type: OUMNH ( Andrews, 1978: 92).

Cynips ruficeps Zetterstedt, 1838: 410 . Synonymyzed by Giraud (1860: 127). Type: MZLU ( Evenhuis & Kiriak, 1985: 16).

Cynips fulviceps Curtis, 1838: 688 . Synonymyzed by Pujade-Villar et al. (2011). Type: MVMA

(examined).

Xystus erythrocephalus Hartig, 1840: 199 . Synonymyzed by Giraud (1860: 127). Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis,

1972: 211).

Allotria erythrocephalus (Hartig) Dahlbom, 1842 : table 2: 3.

Allotria tritici Fitch, 1861: 841 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 147). Type: USNM ( Menke

& Evenhuis, 1991: 147).

Allotria (Allotria) macrocera Thomson, 1877: 814 . Synonymyzed by Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1910: 285).

Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4) .

Xystus victrix (Westwood) Rondani, 1878: 177 .

Allotria ruficeps Cameron, 1883: 365 (non Allotria ruficeps Zetterstedt, 1838: 410 ). Type: BMNH

( Quinlan, 1978a: 125).

Allotria curvicornis Cameron, 1883: 366 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 11). Type: BMNH

( Quinlan, 1978a: 124).

Allotria macrocera Thomson : Dalla Torre, 1893: 33.

Allotria fulviceps (Curtis) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Allotria (Allotria) luteicornis Kieffer, 1902: 15 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 217).

Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 193) .

Allotria (Allotria) victrix var luteiceps Kieffer, 1902: 16 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987:

217). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 194) .

Allotria (Allotria) curvicornis Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902:40.

Allotria (Allotria) luteicornis var lateralis Kieffer, 1902: 70 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin

(1987: 216). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 193) .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) tritici (Fitch) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Allotria (Allotria) victrix Westwood : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Allotria (Allotria) fulviceps (Curtis) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41 .

Allotria (Allotria) victrix var grandicornis Kieffer, 1904: 600 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin

(1987: 216). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 193) .

Charips areolata Kieffer, 1909: 481 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 145). Type: USNM

( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 145).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) ruficeps (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 264 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) tritici (Fitch) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 267 .

Charips (Charips) curvicornis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 276 .

Charips (Charips) luteicornis luteicornis (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283 .

Charips (Charips) luteicornis lateralis (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283 .

Charips (Charips) cameroni Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283 new name to Allotria ruficeps Cameron,

1883 (non Allotria ruficeps Zetterstedt, 1838 ).

Charips (Charips) victrix victrix (Westwood) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285 .

Charips (Charips) victrix luteiceps (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285 .

Charips (Charips) victrix grandicornis (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286 .

Charips (Charips) fulviceps (Curtis) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288 .

Charips victrix (Westwood) Rohwer & Fagan, 1917: 360 .

Charips (Charips) luteicornis (Kieffer) Hedicke, 1928: 93 .

Sarothrus io Girault, 1932: 3. Synonymyzed by Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2010: 355. Type: QM

( Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2010: 355).

Charips curvicornis (Cameron) Dunn, 1949: 106 .

Alloxysta victrix (Westwood) Hellén, 1963: 16 .

Alloxysta curvicornis (Cameron) Hellén, 1963: 17 .

Alloxysta fulviceps (Curtis) Fitton, 1978: 65 .

Alloxysta areolata (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

Alloxysta luteicornis lateralis (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

Alloxysta luteicornis luteicornis (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 85 .

Alloxysta victrix luteiceps (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

Alloxysta victrix grandicornis (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

Alloxysta victrix victrix (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

Alloxysta cameroni (Dalla Torre & Kieffer) Quinlan, 1978a: 126 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 359); Australia ( Girault, 1932: 3); Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 127; Hellén, 1963: 16); Belgium ( Fabianus, 1900); Brazil ( Peronti et al., 2007: 132); Canada ( Fitch, 1861: 841); Chile ( Guerra et al., 1998: 335); England ( Westwood, 1833: 495; Curtis, 1838: 688; Cameron, 1883: 366; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285, 288; West et al., 1998: 1458; Müller et al., 1999: 346; van Veen et al., 2003: 450); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 6); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 15, 16; Kieffer, 1902b: 70; Kieffer, 1904 a: 600; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 199; Hübner et al., 2002: 507; Höller et al., 1993: 13); Greenland ( Buhl, 1997: 164); Hungary ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285; Fülöp et al., 2010: 55); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 114); Italy ( Pagliano, 1995: 3); Lappland ( Zetterstedt, 1838: 410; Hellén, 1963: 16); Madeira ( Borges et al., 2008); New Zealand ( Valentine, 1975: 59); Norway ( Hellén, 1966: 393; Westrum et al., 2010); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 15; Krawczyk et al., 2009: 161); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 261; Feraru & Mustata, 2005: 75); Russia ( Hellén, 1963: 16; Bokina, 1997: 435); Scotland ( Cameron, 1883: 366); Spain ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 406; Thomson, 1877: 814); The Netherlands ( Hellén, 1963: 16; Andrews, 1978: 92); USA (California) ( Sullivan & van den Bosch, 1971); USA (Iowa) ( Mertins, 1985: 186); USA (Massachusetts) ( Kieffer, 1909: 481); USA (New York) ( Fitch, 1861: 841).

HOST: HP: Rosa canina /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis rosae , Aphis viciae and Aphis ligustri /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1900: 115). HP: Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902a: 16). HP: Medicago sativa /HA: Aphis sp. / HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902b: 70). HP: Medicago sativa and Lycium europaeum /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1902b: 69). HP: Lycium sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown. HP: unknown/HA: Aphis gallarum , Aphis ligustri , Aphis rosae and Aphis viciae /HW: unknown; HP: Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis tritici /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 267). HP: Sinapis alba /HA: unknown/ HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis amygdali /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288). HP: Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Cavro, 1954: 13). HP: Dipsacus sylvestris / HA: Macrosiphum rosae / HW: Aphidius rosae ( Evenhuis, 1972: 211) . HP: Medicago sativa / HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum / HW: Aphidius smithi ( Andrews, 1978: 8) . HP: Salix spp. and Parsnips/HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 83). HP: Roses / HA: Aphis rosae /HW: unknown; HP: Water lily / HA: Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae /HW: unknown; HP: Artemisia vulgaris / HA: Aphis gallarum , Aphis viciae and Aphis ligustri /HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 92). HP: Medicago sativa /HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: unknown ( Mertins, 1985: 186). HP: unknown/HA: Aphidinae and Macrosiphinae /HW: Aphidiinae ( Praon sp. , Aphidius sp. Diaeretiella sp. , Trioxys sp. ) and Chalcidoidea ( Aphelinus sp. ) ( Fergusson, 1986: 18). HP: unknown/HA: Hyalopterus pruni /HW: Praon volucre ( Fergusson, 1986: 19) . HP: Medicago sativa /HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 216). HP: Salix sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Sinapis alba /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Gossypium sp. /HA: Aphis gossypii /HW: unknown; HP: Citrus sp. /HA: Aphis citricola /HW: unknown; HP: Brassica sp. /HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: unknown ( Argaman, 1988: 114). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius sp. ( Höller et al., 1993: 15). HP: unknown/HA: Myzocallis coryli / HW: Lipolexis gracilis ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197). HP: Capsicum annuum /HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius colemani ( Grasswitz & Reese, 1998: 262) . HP: unknown/HA: Microlophium carnosum , Metopolophium albidum and Sitobon spp./HW: unknown; HP: Ovatus glechomae /HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius sp. and Praon sp. ; HP: unknown/HA: Sitobion spp. /HW: Aphidius sp. , Ephedrus sp. and Praon sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Rosa sp. /HA: Sitobion fragariae /HW: Aphidius rosae ; HP: Artemisia vulgaris /HA: Macrosiphoniella absinthii /HW: Aphidius absinthii ; HP: Avena sativa /HA: Sitobion avenae / HW: Aphidius uzbekistanicus ; HP: Vicia faba /HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius ervi ; HP: Helianthus annuus /HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Aphidius colemani ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507) . HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Uroleucon cirsii /HW: Ephedrus niger ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) . HP: Vicia faba /HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius ervi ; HP: Lotus uliginosus /HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Poa sp. /HA: Sitobion sp. /HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Deschampsia cespitosa /HA: Sitobion sp. /HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Uroleucon cirsii /HW: Aphidius funebris ; HP: Cirsium palustre / HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic)/HW: Aphidius matricariae ( van Veen et al., 2003: 450) . HP: unknown/ HA: Sitobion avenae , Myzus persicae , Acyrthosiphum pisum and Brevicoryne brassicae / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227).

COMMENTS: Behavior in Sullivan (1972). Biological control in West et al. (1998); van Veen et al. (2001). Biology in Valentine (1975); Mertins (1985); Höller et al. (1993); Grasswitz & Reese (1998); Krawczyk et al. (2009). Chemical signals in Micha et al. (1993); Quiroz et al. (1997); Grasswitz (1998); Guerra et al. (1998); Dicke & van Loon (2000); Petersen et al. (2000); Nufio & Papaj (2001); Hübner et al. (2002); Hatano et al. (2008). Filogeny in Nieves-Aldrey et al. (2005). Foraging behavior in Buitenhuis et al. (2005). Genetic in van Veen et al. (2003). Venom gland in Vardal (2006).

NOTE: (1) According to Pujade-Villar et al. (2011) the lectotype of Alloxysta fulviceps (Curtis) was erroneously designated by Kerrich in 1948 (label data) and subsequently published by Quinlan & Fergusson (1981: 254). This lectotype is not valid (Art. 74.2, ICZN) because it does not correspond to the original description (Pujade-Villlar et al., 2011). The true lectotype was designed by Pujade-Villar et al., (2011), showing that A. fulviceps is a synonym of A. victrix .

xanthocera (Thomson)

Allotria xanthocera Thomson, 1862: 407 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria (Allotria) xanthocera Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) xanthocerus (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282 .

Alloxysta xanthocera (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 18 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 18); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 115); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 262); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 407).

HOST: unknown.

xanthopa (Thomson)

Allotria xanthopa Thomson, 1862: 408 . Type: MZLU ( Andrews, 1978: 93).

Dilyta xanthopa (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) xanthopa (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta xanthopa (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 93 .

DISTRIBUTION: Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 409).

HOST: unknown.

xanthopsis (Ashmead)

Allotria xanthopsis Ashmead, 1896: 185 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 74).

Allotria (Allotria) xanthopsis Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) xanthopsis (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 290 .

Charips xanthopsis (Ashmead) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Alloxysta xanthopsis (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 74 .

DISTRIBUTION: USA (California) ( Zuparko & Dahlsten, 1995: 730); USA (Florida) ( Ashmead, 1896: 185); USA ( Andrews, 1978: 75).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Siphonophora citrifolii /HW: unknown ( Ashmead, 1896: 185). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Lysiphlebus testaceipes ( Andrews, 1978: 75) . HP: unknown/HA: Eucallipterus tiliae /HW: Aphelinus subflavescens and Aphelinus automatus ( Zuparko & Dahlsten, 1995: 730) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Zuparko & Dahlsten (1995). Molecular markers in Chen et al. (2006).

NOTE: Andrews (1978) listed A. hayhursti in the synonymy list of A. xanthopsis (Ashmead) , but this cannot be considered as a valid synonymy because he did not indicate “new synonymy”; this case was also remarked by Menke & Evenhuis (1991). Burks (1979) considered A. hayhursti as valid, as we consider it here.