Alloxysta Förster, 1869

Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Selfa, Jesús & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2012, 3376, Zootaxa 3376, pp. 1-92 : 15-29

publication ID	11755334
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/317DC07C-0317-FFCF-5EC5-F9EAFBA84280
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Alloxysta Förster, 1869
status

Treatment

Allotria Westwood, 1833: 494 . Type: Allotria victrix Westwood, 1833 View in CoL . Homonym of Allotria Hübner, 1823: 280 . Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 8).

Xystus Hartig, 1840: 199 View in CoL . Type: Xystus erythrocephalus Hartig, 1840 . Homonym of Xystus Schoenherr, 1826: 310 View in CoL . Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 8).

Alloxysta Förster, 1869: 338 . Type: Xystus macrophadnus Hartig, 1841 .

Pezophycta Förster, 1869: 338 . Type: Xystus brachypterus Hartig, 1840 View in CoL . Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 8).

Nephycta Förster, 1869: 338 . Type: Nephycta discreta Förster, 1869 . Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 8).

Adelixysta Kierych, 1988: 351 . Type: Adelixysta sawoniewiczi Kierych, 1988 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 150).

Carvercharips Kovalev, 1994: 413 , 414. Type: Alloxysta carinata Carver, 1992 . Synonymyzed by Paretas-Martínez et al. (2007a: 161).

abdera Fergusson

Alloxysta abdera Fergusson, 1986: 10 . Type: BMNH ( Fergusson, 1986: 19).

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Fergusson, 1986: 19).

HOST: unknown.

afra (Kieffer)

Allotria afra Kieffer, 1904: 63 . Type: MNCN (examined).

Charips (Charips) afer (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 287 .

Alloxysta afra (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 77 .

DISTRIBUTION: Spain ( Archimowitsch, 1952: 112); Tenerife ( Kieffer, 1904b: 63).

HOST: unknown.

affinis (Baker)

Dilyta affinis Baker, 1896: 132 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta apicalis Baker, 1896: 135 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Dilyta coloradensis Baker, 1896: 133 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta abdominalis Baker, 1896: 135 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta gracilis Baker, 1896: 134 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta magna Baker, 1896: 134 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta rufipleura Baker, 1896: 135 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Dilyta ruficeps Baker, 1896: 132 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Dilyta similis Baker, 1896: 133 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 51). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 52).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) affinis (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) abdominalis Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) apicalis Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) coloradensis (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) magna Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) gracilis Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) ruficeps (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) rufipleura Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) similis (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) affinis (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 264 .

Alloxysta affini s (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607.

Alloxysta coloradensis (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608 .

Alloxysta ruficeps (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608 .

Alloxysta similis (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608 .

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Colorado) ( Baker, 1896: 133; Andrews, 1978: 52).

HOST: unknown.

alaskensis Ashmead

Alloxysta alaskensis Ashmead, 1902: 142 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 53).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) alaskensis Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 266.

Alloxysta alaskensis Ashmead : Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608.

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Quebec) ( Andrews, 1978: 53); USA (Alaska) ( Ashmead, 1902: 143).

HOST: unknown.

albosignata Kieffer

Alloxysta albosignata Kieffer, 1902: 10 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 77).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) albosignata Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta albosignata Kieffer : Andrews, 1978: 77.

DISTRIBUTION: France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Hungary ( Kieffer, 1902a: 11).

HOST: unknown.

andrewsi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2011

Alloxysta andrewsi Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 690 . Type: MUCR ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 690).

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 691).

HOST: unknown.

aperta (Hartig)

Xystus apertus Hartig, 1841: 353 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 21).

Allotria aperta (Hartig) Thomson, 1862: 410 .

Allotria apertus (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 129 .

Dilyta aperta (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) aperta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta aperta (Hartig) Hellén, 1931: 4 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Andrews, 1978: 78); France ( Evenhuis, 1982: 21); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 353); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 410).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius uzbekistanicus ( Evenhuis, 1982: 21) .

NOTE: the specimens of Alloxysta aperta determined by Cameron (1886) belong to A. macrophadna ( Hartig, 1841) ( Fergusson, 1986: 10) .

aphidicida (Rondani)

Synergus aphidicida Rondani, 1848: 8 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 78).

Allotria aphidicida (Rondani) Dalla Torre, 1893: 30 .

Allotria (Allotria) aphidicida (Rondani) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41 .

Charips (Charips) aphidicida (Rondani) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288 .

Alloxysta aphidicida (Rondani) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

DISTRIBUTION: Italy ( Rondani, 1848: 8).

HOST: unknown.

apteroidea Hellén

Alloxysta apteroidea Hellén, 1963: 23 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 23).

HOST: unknown.

aurata Belizin

Alloxysta aurata Belizin, 1968: 716 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288).

DISTRIBUTION: Siberia ( Russia) ( Belizin, 1968: 716).

HOST: unknown.

australiae (Ashmead) Allotria australiae Ashmead, 1900: 330 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 78). Allotria (Allotria) australiae Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) australiae (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 290 . Alloxysta australiae (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 78 . DISTRIBUTION: Australia ( Ashmead, 1900: 331). HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis craccivora View in CoL /HW: Aphidius colemani View in CoL ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis gossypii View in CoL /HW: Aphidius colemani View in CoL ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus ornatus View in CoL /HW: Aphidius colemani View in CoL ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum padi View in CoL and Shinjia orientalis View in CoL /HW: unknown ( Carver, 1992: 770). HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae View in CoL /HW: Aphidius colemani View in CoL , Dendrocerus aphidum View in CoL and Pachyneuron aphidis ; HP: Triticum aestivum View in CoL / HA: Rhopalosiphum padi View in CoL /HW: Aphidius colemani ( Carver, 2004: 1) View in CoL .

bakeri (Kieffer) View in CoL

Allotria bakeri Kieffer, 1907: 162 . Type: unknown.

Alloxysta bakeri (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

DISTRIBUTION: USA (California) ( Kieffer, 1907: 162; Rosenheim et al., 1997).

HOST: unknown.

bicolor (Baker)

Dilyta bicolor Baker, 1896: 132 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 56).

Alloxysta robusta Baker, 1896: 133 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 55). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 56).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) bicolor (Baker) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) robusta Baker : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39.

Alloxysta bicolor (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608 .

Alloxysta robusta (Baker) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 608 .

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia) ( Andrews, 1978: 56); Canada (Quebec) ( Bouchard et al., 1982: 184); USA (Colorado) ( Baker, 1896: 132,134).

HOST: HP: unknown/ HA: Aphis pomi /HW: Trioxys sp. ( Bouchard et al., 1982).

COMMENTS: Biology in Bouchard et al. (1982).

brachycera Hellén

Alloxysta brachycera Hellén, 1963: 14 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 14).

HOST: unknown.

brachyptera (Hartig)

Xystus brachypterus Hartig, 1840: 200 View in CoL . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 21).

Allotria brachyptera (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 131 .

Pezophycta brachyptera (Hartig) Förster, 1869: 339 .

Pezophycta brachyptera brachyptera (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292 .

Alloxysta brachyptera (Hartig) Hellén, 1931: 5 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 131); Belgium ( Lameere, 1907); England ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292; Fergusson, 1986: 18; Müller et al., 1999); Finland ( Hellén, 1931: 5); France ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200); Ireland ( Fergusson, 1986: 18); Scotland ( Fergusson, 1986: 18); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 410).

HOST: HP: Fraxinus sp. /HA: Pemphigus bumeliae /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292). HP: unknown/ HA: Prociphilus bumeliae /HW: unknown ( Fergusson, 1986: 18). HP: unknown/HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic)/HW: Aphidius sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352).

NOTE: the specimens of Alloxysta brachyptera ( Hartig, 1840) determined by Cameron (1890) belong to A. macrophadna ( Hartig, 1841) ( Fergusson, 1986: 10) .

brevicella Belizin

Alloxysta brevicella Belizin, 1966: 6 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288).

DISTRIBUTION: Moldova ( Belizin, 1966: 6).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Dysaphis mali /HW: unknown ( Belizin, 1966: 6). brevis (Thomson)

Allotria brevis Thomson, 1862: 408 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria mullensis Cameron, 1883: 366 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan,

1974: 8).

Allotria (Allotria) brevis Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) mullensis Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) arcuata Kieffer, 1902: 12 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: BMNH

( Quinlan, 1978a: 124).

Allotria (Allotria) castaneiceps Kieffer, 1904: 602 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: NHMA

( Dessart, 1969: 195).

Charips (Charips) brevis (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 276 .

Charips (Charips) mullensis (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 284 .

Charips (Charips) castaneiceps (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 287 .

Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer) Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 189 .

Charips (Charips) arcuatus (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277 .

Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron) Quinlan, 1974: 8 .

Alloxysta brevis (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 79 . DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 350); England ( Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén,

1963: 22); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 602; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507);

Hungary ( Fülöp et al., 2010: 54); Iran ( Lotfalizadeh, 2002a: 36); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Japan

( Takada & Nakamura, 2010: 269); Madeira ( Borges et al., 2008); Poland ( Barczak, 1991: 87; Barczak,

1993: 5, 6) Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 245-246; Prelipcean et al., 2004: 60); Russia ( Bokina, 1997: 435);

Scotland ( Cameron, 1883: 366; Cameron, 1886: 86); Spain (Kieffer, 1902: 12; Ceballos, 1941: 226;

Tizado & Nuñez-Perez, 1993: 97; Bertolaccini et al., 2004: 42); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 408). HOST: HP: Bupleurum falcatum /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: unknown/HA:

Dysaphis plantaginea View in CoL /HW: Ephedrus persicae View in CoL and Ephedrus sp. ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 189). HP:

Urtica dioica View in CoL /HA: Aphis urticata View in CoL /HW: Lysiphlebus fabarum View in CoL ; HP: Philadelphus coronarius View in CoL /HA: Aphis fabae View in CoL /HW: Lysiphlebus fabarum ( Evenhuis, 1978: 173) View in CoL . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis spp. /HW: Lysephedrus

sp.; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus cerasi View in CoL and Dysaphis plantaginea View in CoL /HW: Ephedrus persicae ( Fergusson,

1986: 18). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis sp. /HW: Lysephedrus sp. ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus cerasi and

Dysaphis plantaginea View in CoL / HW: Ephedrus sp. ( Barczak, 1991: 92) . HP: unknown/HA: Hyperomyzus lactucae View in CoL /

HW: Praon volucre ( Tizado & Nuñez-Perez, 1993: 97) View in CoL . HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Praon sp. and

Ephedrus sp. ( Bokina, 1997: 435) . HP: unknown/HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic) and Sitobion spp.

( Müller et al., 1999: 346). HP: Euonymus europaea View in CoL /HA: Aphis fabae View in CoL /HW: Trioxys angelicae ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae View in CoL / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227). HP: Solidago altissima View in CoL / HA: Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum View in CoL / HW: Aphelinus albipodus ( Takada & Nakamura, 2010: 270) View in CoL . COMMENTS: Behavior in Hübner (2000); Hübner (2001). Biology in Barczak (1991); Bokina (1997). Chemical defense in Völkl et al. (1994). Chemical signals in Quiroz et al. (1997); Petersen et al. (2000); Davidson et al. (2005); Choe et al. (2009). Foraging behavior in Hübner et al. (2002). NOTES: (1) the specimens of A. minuta ( Hartig, 1840) determined by Cameron, 1890 belong to A. arcuata

(Kieffer, 1902) ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 189), a junior synonym of A. brevis .

(2) Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1902: 40) cited erroneously Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron) in England based on the work of Cameron (1883) where this species was described, but Cameron described this species in Scotland, not in England. Following Dalla Torre & Kieffer, Andrews (1978: 87) also made this error stating that this record was given in Cameron (1890). We have examined the original work of Cameron (1883) and the different Cameron papers of 1890 mentioned by Andrews,

and we conclude that Cameron cited A. mullensis only in the Mull Island ( Scotland) but not in

England; thus, the record of Dalla Torre & Kieffer (1902) and Andrews (1978) from England are wrong.

brevitarsis (Thomson)

Allotria brevitarsis Thomson, 1862: 409 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Dilyta brevitarsis (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) brevitarsis (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta brevitarsis (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 14 , 15.

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 15); France ( Kieffer, 1902b: 34; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Lappland and Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 409).

HOST: HP: Epilobium spicatum / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 257).

cabrerai (Kieffer)

Allotria cabrerai Kieffer, 1904: 63 . Type: MNCN (examined).

Charips (Charips) cabrerai (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286 .

Alloxysta cabrerai (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 79 .

DISTRIBUTION: Tenerife Island ( Kieffer, 1904b: 63).

HOST: unknown.

capillata Belizin

Alloxysta capillata Belizin, 1962: 128 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288).

DISTRIBUTION: Kuriles Island ( Belizin, 1962: 128).

HOST: unknown.

carinata Carver

Alloxysta carinata Carver, 1992: 778 . Type: ANIC ( Carver, 1992: 778).

Carvercharips carinata (Carver) Kovalev, 1994: 413 , 414.

Alloxysta carinata Carver : Paretas-Martínez et al., 2007a: 161.

DISTRIBUTION: Australia ( Carver, 1992: 778).

HOST: HP: Coriandrum sativum / HA: Aphis spiraecola /HW: Aphelinus asychis ( Carver, 1992: 770) .

castanea (Hartig)

Xystus castaneus Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 21).

Allotria castanea (Hartig) Cameron, 1890: 233 .

Dilyta castanea (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta erythrothorax var dubia Kieffer, 1902: 10 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 21). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Allotria (Allotria) rubriceps Kieffer, 1902: 14 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 21). Type: lost ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 218).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) castanea (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) erythrothorax var dubia Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Alloxysta semiclausa Kieffer, 1904: 595 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 219). Type: NHMA ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 219).

Charips (Charips) rubriceps (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) semiclausa Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 263.

Charips pruni Hedicke, 1928: 94 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 21). Type: ZMUH ( Andrews, 1978: 89).

Alloxysta castanea (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 14 .

Alloxysta pruni (Hedicke) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Kieffer, 1902b: 35); Denmark ( Andrews, 1978: 82); England ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer,

1910: 256); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 14); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 10, 15; Kieffer, 1904 a: 595; De Gaulle,

1908: 26; Cavro, 1954: 12); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352; Hedicke, 1928: 94; Hübner et al., 2002: 507);

Norway ( Hofsvang & Hagvar, 1983: 60); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 266; Prelipcean et al., 2004: 60); The

Netherlands ( Andrews, 1978: 82).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Coccus sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Papaver somniferum / HA: Aphis

sp./HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: Phragmites communis /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282). HP: Phragmites communis /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Cavro, 1954: 12). HP: Prunus domestica /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Dessart, 1969: 190). HP: Prunus spp. and Phragmites australis /HA: Hyalopterus pruni / HW: Praon volucre ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22) . HP: Prunus spinosa / HA: Hyalopterus pruni / HW: Praon volucre ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

NOTE: Alloxysta castanea was synonymyzed with A. fulviceps ( Curtis, 1838) by Fergusson (1986). Nevertheless, according to van Veen (pers. com.) and Evenhuis (pers. com. to van Veen) the morphology of the radial cell is different in these species; thus we consider A. castanea a valid species.

circumscripta (Hartig)

Xystus circumscriptus Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22).

Allotria circumscripta (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 127 .

Allotria (Allotria) circumscripta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) circumscripta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277 .

Alloxysta circumscripta (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 17 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 354); Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 127; Hellén, 1963: 17); England ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 278; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 17); France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 15); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 86).

HOST: HP: Raphanus sp. / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: Fennel sp. / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Chaerophyllum sylvestre / HA: Aphis pini , Aphis ribis and Aphis sambuci ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277). HP: unknown/HA: Uroleucon sp. / HW: Praon dorsale ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22) . HP: unknown/HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum /HW: Praon sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352).

NOTE: Alloxysta circumscripta was synonymyzed with A. victrix ( Westwood, 1833) by Fergusson (1986) but Menke & Evenhuis (1991) and van Veen et al. (2003) removed this species from synonymy.

citripes (Thomson)

Allotria citripes Thomson, 1862: 410 . Type: MZLU ( Andrews, 1978: 80).

Dilyta citripes (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta citripes var britannica Kieffer, 1902: 11 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1976: 140). Type: BMNH ( Evenhuis, 1976: 140).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) citripes (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) citripes var britannica Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38.

Allotria (Allotria) albipes Kieffer, 1904: 600 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 214). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 195).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) citripes citripes (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 261 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) citripes britannica Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 262.

Charips (Charips) albipes (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286 .

Alloxysta albipes (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 77 .

Alloxysta citripes citripes (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 80 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 355); England ( Kieffer, 1902a: 11; Fergusson, 1986: 18); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 600; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508); Hungary ( Fülöp et al., 2010: 55); Iran ( Rakhshani et al., 2001: 42; Rakhshani et al., 2004: 3); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 87); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 410); The Netherlands ( Evenhuis, 1976: 140).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis tiliae /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Quercus spp. /HA: Tuberculoides annulatus /HW: unknown; HP: Alnus glutinosa /HA: Pterocallis alni /HW: unknown; HP: Corylus avellana / HA: Myzocallis coryli /HW: unknown; HP: unknown/ HA: unknown/ HW: Trioxys pallidus ( Evenhuis, 1976: 140) . HP: unknown/ HA: Tuberculoides sp. , Pterocallis sp. and Myzocallis sp. / HW: Trioxys sp. ; HP: unknown/HA: Drepanosiphum sp. /HW: Aphelinus sp. ( Fergusson, 1986: 18) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis tiliae /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 214). HP: Tilia cordata /HA: Eucallipterus tiliae /HW: Trioxys pallidus ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Rakhshani et al. (2004).

commensuratus Andrews

Alloxysta commensuratus Andrews, 1978: 58 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 59).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Maryland) ( Andrews, 1978: 59).

HOST: unknown.

coniferensis Andrews

Alloxysta coniferensis Andrews, 1978: 59 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 60).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Tennessee) ( Andrews, 1978: 59).

HOST: unknown.

consobrina (Zetterstedt)

Cynips consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838: 410 . Type: MZLU (R. Danielsson, pers. com.).

Allotria consobrina (Zetterstedt) Dahlbom, 1842: 4 .

Allotria (Allotria) consobrina (Zetterstedt) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41 .

Charips (Charips) consobrinus (Zetterstedt) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288 .

Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt) Forshage n. comb.

DISTRIBUTION: Lappland and Scandinavia ( Zetterstedt, 1838: 410).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Charips consobrinus was transferred by M. Forshage to Alloxysta in the Fauna Europaea database (http:// www.faunaeur.org). Nevertheless, digital publications are not valid for nomenclatoral acts intended for permanent record. We make the new combination here respecting M. Forshage results according to art. 51G of the ICZN.

costaricensis Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2011

Alloxysta costaricensis Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 691 . Type: MUCR ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 691).

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 692).

HOST: unknown.

crassicornis (Thomson)

Allotria crassicornis Thomson, 1862: 407 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria (Allotria) crassicornis Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) versicolor Kieffer, 1904: 599 . Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 19). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 195).

Charips (Charips) crassicornis (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 281 .

Charips (Charips) versicolor (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 287 .

Alloxysta crassicornis (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 19 .

Alloxysta versicolor (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 20); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 599; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Romania

( Ionescu, 1969: 260); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 407).

HOST: unknown.

contineus (Belizin)

Charips contineus Belizin, 1962: 127 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288).

Alloxysta contineus (Belizin) Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 288 .

DISTRIBUTION: Russia ( Belizin, 1962: 127).

HOST: unknown.

cursor (Hartig)

Xystus cursor Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22).

Allotria cursor (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 131 .

Pezophycta cursor (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Pezophycta brachyptera var castanea Kieffer, 1904: 593 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987:

215). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 188) .

Pezophycta brachyptera castanea Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 292.

Alloxysta brachyptera castanea (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 79 .

Alloxysta cursor (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 81 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 131); England ( Müller et al., 1999: 346); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 593; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic) and Microlophium carnosum /HW: Aphidius sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352); HP: unknown/HA: Pemphigus bumeliae /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: unknown/HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227).

darci (Girault)

Allotria d’arci Girault, 1933: 2. Type: QM ( Carver, 1992: 777).

Charips d’arci (Girault) Weld, 1952: 252.

Alloxysta d’arci (Girault) Andrews, 1978: 81.

Alloxysta darci (Girault) Carver, 1992: 777 .

DISTRIBUTION: Australia ( Girault, 1933: 2); Tonga (Carver et al., 2003: 250).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis craccivora and Hyalopterus pruni /HW: Aphelinus flaviventris ; HP: unknown/ HA: Macrosiphum euphorbiae /HW: Aphelinus gossypii ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Aphelinus gossypii ; HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphelinus varipes ( Carver, 1992: 770) . HP: Sorghum bicolor / HA: Rhopalosiphum maidis /HW: Aphelinus varipes ; HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Pachyneuron aphidis ( Carver, 2004: 1) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Carver et al. (1993).

NOTE: According to the article 32.5.2. of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, specific name d’arci must be called darci . Thus, we keep the specific name of Carver (1992).

desantisi Pujade-Villar & Díaz

Alloxysta desantisi Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 541 . Type: MLPA ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 542).

DISTRIBUTION: Argentina , Brazil and Chile ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 542).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: Aphidiinae ; HP: unknown/HA: Toxoptera aurantii /HW: Aphidius sp. ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 542).

dicksoni Andrews

Alloxysta dicksoni Andrews, 1978: 60 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 61).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Maryland) ( Andrews, 1978: 61).

HOST: unknown.

erythrothorax (Hartig)

Xystus erythrothorax Hartig, 1840: 200 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 23).

Xystus defectus Hartig, 1841: 352 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22).

Allotria defecta (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 130 .

Allotria erythrothorax (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 130 .

Allotria nigriventris Thomson, 1862: 409 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 10). Type: MZLU ( Andrews, 1978: 87).

Allotria defectus (Hartig) Cameron, 1886: 87 .

Dilyta nigriventris (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta erythrothorax (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta defecta (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) defecta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) erythrothorax (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) nigriventris (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) nigriventris nigriventris (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 256 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) erythrothorax erythrothorax (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 257 .

Alloxysta erythrothorax (Hartig) Haviland, 1921: 452 .

Alloxysta defecta (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 15 .

Alloxysta nigriventris nigriventris (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 87 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 356); Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 130; Hellén, 1963: 12); Belgium ( Crèvecoeur & Maréchal, 1933); Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23); Denmark ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 15); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 200; Hartig, 1841: 352); Lappland ( Thomson, 1862: 409; Hellén, 1963: 12); Norway ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Russia ( Hellén, 1963: 12); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 87); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 409); Switzerland ( Hellén, 1963: 12); The Netherlands ( Hellén, 1963: 12).

HOST: HP: Prunus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis pruni and Aspidiotus rosae (see comments)/HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1900: 115; De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Sonchus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Prunus cerasus /HA: Myzus cerasi / HW: Ephedrus (Ephedrus) cerasicola and Ephedrus (Ephedrus) persicae ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 23) . HP: Prunus spp. /HA: Aspidiotus rosae (see comments) and Hyalopterus pruni /HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 82). HP: unknown/HA: Uroleucon spp. / HW: Tryoxys centaureae ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22) .

COMMENTS: The host Aspidiotus rosae Bouché is probably a mistake needs to be confirmed.

COMMENTS: Biology in Vasileva-Sumnalieva (1976).

NOTE: (1) the specimens of Alloxysta nigriventris ( Thomson, 1862) determined by Cameron (1890) belong to A. macrophadna ( Hartig, 1841) ( Fergusson, 1986: 10) .

(2) Quinlan & Fergusson (1981: 254) synonymyzed A. erythrothorax with A. fulviceps (Curtis) . According to Pujade-Villar et al. (2011), the lectotype of A. fulviceps (Curtis) was erroneously designated. Pujade- Villar et al. (2011) designed the true lectotype of A. fulviceps and concluded that A. fulviceps , which has closed radial cell, is a junior synonym of A. victrix . Alloxysta erythrothorax has partially open radial cell; thus, we remove A.erythrothorax from synonymy and restore it as valid species.

filimentosus Andrews

Alloxysta filimentosus Andrews, 1978: 61 . Type: MCZ ( Andrews, 1978: 61).

DISTRIBUTION: Moscow Mts., Idaho ( USA) ( Andrews, 1978: 61).

HOST: unknown.

flaviceps (Kieffer)

Allotria (Allotria) flaviceps Kieffer, 1902: 15 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 82).

Charips (Charips) flaviceps (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283 .

Alloxysta flaviceps (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 82 .

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 15; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Andrews, 1978: 82).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis rosae /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Roses/HA: Aphis rosae /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 283).

flavicornis (Hartig)

Xystus flavicornis Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 23).

Allotria flavicornis (Hartig) Giraud, 1860: 129 .

Allotria (Allotria) flavicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) flavicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282 .

Alloxysta flavicornis (Hartig) Hellén, 1963: 16 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Giraud, 1860: 129; Hellén, 1963: 16); England ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 16); France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 282); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 115); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 16); Norway ( Hellén, 1966: 393); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 249); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 85); Switzerland ( Hellén, 1963: 16); The Netherlands ( Hellén, 1963: 16).

HOST: HP: Carthamus tinctorius /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Giraud, 1877: 416). HP: Sarothamnus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Acer spp. /HA: Periphyllus spp. /HW: Tryoxys falcatus ( Evenhuis, 1982: 23) .

forshagei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay n. name

Trischiza bicolor Ionescu, 1959: 28 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

Alloxysta bicolor (Ionescu) n. comb., non Alloxysta bicolor (Baker) .

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1959: 28; Ionescu, 1969: 106).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Mattias Forshage (pers. com.) studied the Ionescu collection and concluded that Trischiza bicolor belongs to Alloxysta . The name Alloxysta bicolor was preoccupied after the transference of Dilyta biclolor (Baker) to Alloxysta ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38) . For this reason, a new name is proposed for this species: A. forshagei n. name, dedicated to Mattias Forshage for his help and permission to publish this nomenclatural change here.

fracticornis (Thomson)

Allotria fracticornis Thomson, 1862: 408 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria (Allotria) fracticornis Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Charips (Charips) fracticornis (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 281 .

Alloxysta fracticornis (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 83 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Andrews, 1978: 83); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 14); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 251); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 408).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227).

fuscicornis (Hartig)

Xystus fuscicornis Hartig, 1841: 352 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 23).

Allotria fuscicornis (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Allotria brassicae Ashmead, 1887: 14 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 23). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 57).

Allotria ancylocera Cameron, 1886: 85 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 23). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 4).

Allotria (Allotria) fuscicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Allotria (Allotria) ancylocera Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) brassicae Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Allotria (Allotria) victrix var infuscata Kieffer, 1902: 16 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 23). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 194).

Hypodiranchis aphidae Froggatt, 1904: 603 . Synonymyzed by Carver (1992: 772). Type: ASCU ( Carver, 1992: 772).

Charips (Charips) ancylocerus (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275 .

Charips (Charips) fuscicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 279 .

Charips (Charips) victrix infuscatus (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285 .

Charips (Charips) brassicae (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 289 .

Xystus brassicae (Ashmead) Spencer, 1926: 148 .

Allotria aphidae (Froggatt) Girault, 1931: 2 .

Charips (Charip s) grioti de Santis, 1937: 14 . Synonymyzed by Diaz (1980: 17). Type: MLPA ( Díaz & Loiacono, 1995: 6).

Charips brassicae (Ashmead) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Charips aphidae (Froggatt) Weld, 1952: 252 .

Charips grioti (de Santis) Parker et al., 1953: 26 .

Charips ancylocera (Cameron) Hafez, 1961: 85 .

Alloxysta ancylocera (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 77 .

Alloxysta aphidae (Froggatt) Andrews, 1978: 78 .

Alloxysta brassicae (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 79 .

Alloxysta grioti (de Santis) Andrews, 1978: 83 .

Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 83 .

Alloxsyta victrix infuscata (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 92.

DISTRIBUTION: Africa ( Evenhuis, 1974: 167); Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 356); Argentina ( de Santis, 1937: 1; Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543; Berta et al., 2002: 67); Australia ( Froggatt, 1904: 603; Carver, 1992: 775); Brazil ( de Sousa & Paes Bueno, 1993 /1994: 29; Betini, 1975: 54; Betini, 1976: 76; Lazzari, 1985: 9; Teixeira, 1991: 47; Cividanes, 2002: 251; Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543; Vaz et al., 2004: 225); Chile ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543); Colombia ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010b); England ( Müller et al., 1999: 352; van Veen et al., 2003: 450); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 16; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 352; van Veen et al., 2003: 450; Hübner et al., 2002: 508); Hawaii ( Beardsley, 1985: 50); Hungary ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 285); Iran ( Lotfalizadeh, 2002b: 1; Lotfalizadeh & van Veen, 2004: 119); Ireland ( Chua, 1978: 436); New Zealand ( Valentine, 1975: 59); Peru ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543); Romania (Feraru et al., 2005: 67); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 85); Uruguay ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543); USA (California) ( Horn, 1988: 354); USA (Florida) ( Ashmead, 1887: 9; Spencer, 1926. 148); Wales ( Weld, 1952: 252).

HOST: HP: Sinapis sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: Sinapis alba / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 286). HP: unknown/HA: Brachycaudus schwartzi /HW: unknown ( Betini, 1976: 76). HP: unknown/HA: Brachycolus atriplicis and Brevicoryne brassicae / HW: Diaeretiella rapae ( Andrews, 1978: 57) . HP: unknown/HA: Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae / HW: Diaretiella rapae ( Horn, 1988: 354) . HP: Brassicae oleracea / HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: unknown; HP: Brassicae oleracea / HA: Myzus persicae /HW: unknown; HP: Emilia sonchifolia / HA: Myzus persicae / HW: unknown; HP: Myrciaria sp. / HA: Toxoptera aurantii /HW: unknown; HP: Sonchus oleraceus / HA: Myzus persicae /HW: unknown; HP: Erechtites valerianaefolia / HA: Myzus ornatus /HW: unknown; HP: Erigeron bonariensis / HA: Myzus persicae /HW: unknown; HP: Spiraea sp. / HA: Aphis spiraecola /HW: unknown ( Teixeira, 1991: 47). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis gossypii /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/ HA: Aphis nerii /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Brachycaudus helichrysi / HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Cavariella aegopodii /HW: Aphidius salicis ; HP: unknown/HA: Hyadaphis foeniculi /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Hyperomyzus lactucae /HW: Aphidius sonchi ; HP: unknown/HA: Lipaphis erysimi /HW: Diaeretiella rapae ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Aphidius similis ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae / HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum padi /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum padi /HW: Aphidius similis ( Carver, 1992: 770) . HP: unknown/HA: Metopolophium albidum /HW: Aphidius sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Peach tree / HA: Brachycaudus persicae / HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Salvia splendens /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543). HP: Raphanus raphanistrum /HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) . HP: Brassica sp. /HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: Diaeretiella rapae ( van Veen et al., 2003: 2) . HP: Medicago sativa / HA: Aphis craccivora /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: Brassica napus / HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: Daucus carota / HA: Cavariella aegopodii /HW: Aphidius salicis ; HP: Brassica napus / HA: Lipaphis pseudobrassicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: Brassica rapa / HA: Lipaphis pseudobrassicae /HW: Diareiella rapae ; HP: Rapistrum rugosum / HA: Lipaphis pseudobrassicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ( Carver, 2004: 1) .

COMMENTS: Aphid parasite complex in Spencer (1926). Biology in Chua (1979); Betini (1975); Valentine (1975); Betini (1976); Chua (1978); Beardsley (1985); Lazzari (1985); Horn (1988); Teixeira (1991); de Sousa & Paes Bueno (1993 /1994); Berta et al. (2002); Cividanes (2002); Lotfalizadeh (2002b); Vaz et al. (2004). Genetics in van Veen et al. (2003). Ovipositor in Buffington (2007).

NOTE: Alloxysta fuscicornis was synonymyzed with A. victrix by Fergusson (1986) but removed from synonymy by Menke & Evenhuis (1991); the validity of A. fuscicornis was supported by van Veen et al. (2003).

fuscipes (Thomson)

Allotria fuscipes Thomson, 1862: 410 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Dilyta fuscipes (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 . Alloxysta (Alloxysta) fuscipes (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 38 . Alloxysta fuscipes (Thomson) Hellén, 1931: 4 . Alloxysta ruthei Hellén, 1931: 4 . Synonymyzed by Weld (1952: 253). Type: GNM (Charlotte G. Jonsson, pers. com).

DISTRIBUTION: Austria (Hellén: 1963: 13); England ( Andrews, 1978: 83); Finland ( Hellén, 1931: 4; Hellén, 1963: 13); Iceland ( Hellén, 1931: 4); Lappland ( Hellén, 1963: 13); Norway ( Hellén, 1966: 393); Russia ( Hellén, 1963: 13); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 88); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 410).

HOST: HP: Salix aurita /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 83).

fuscitarsis Kieffer

Alloxysta fuscitarsis Kieffer, 1904: 597 . Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) fuscitarsis Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 262.

Alloxysta fuscitarsis Kieffer : Andrews, 1978: 83.

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 597; De Gaulle, 1908: 26).

HOST: unknown.

glebaria Hellén

Alloxysta glebaria Hellén, 1963: 22 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 22).

HOST: unknown.

halli Andrews

Alloxysta halli Andrews, 1978: 62 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 62).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario) and USA (Washington) ( Andrews, 1978: 63) .

HOST: HP: Pteridium sp. /HA: Macrosiphum pteridus (sic) / HW: Aphidiinae ; HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Dactynotus ambrosiae / HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Potentilla fruticosa /HA: Macrosiphum sp. /HW: Ephedrus sp. ( Andrews, 1978: 63) .

halterata (Thomson)

Allotria halterata Thomson, 1862: 410 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Pezophycta halterata (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta halterata (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 20 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Hellén, 1963: 20; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 20); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 88); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 410).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Microlophium carnosum and Acyrtosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius sp. and Praon sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Trifolium pretense /HA: Acyrtosiphon pisum /HW: Aphidius ervi ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

COMMENTS: Biological control in van Veen et al. (2001).

NOTE: Alloxysta halterata was synonymyzed with A. pedestris by Fergusson (1986). After examination of the type material we conclude that A. halterata is a valid species, because the morphology of pronotum, female forewings and antenna are different in these two species.

hansoni Pujade-Villar, 2011

Alloxysta hansoni Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 692 . Type: MUCR ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 692).

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011b: 694).

HOST: unknown.

hayhursti (Kieffer)

Charips hayhursti Kieffer, 1909: 481 . Type: unknown ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 146).

Charips (Charips) hayhursti Kieffer : Weld, 1920: 15.

Alloxysta hayhursti (Kieffer) Burks, 1979: 1059 In : Krombein, K.V, D. Hurd et al. (Eds.)

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Massachusetts) ( Kieffer, 1909: 482).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis atriplicis /HW: unknown ( Kieffer, 1909: 482).

NOTE: Andrews (1978) listed A. hayhursti in the synonymy list of A. xanthopsis (Ashmead) , but this cannot be considered as a valid synonymy because he did not indicate “new synonymy”; this case was also remarked by Menke & Evenhuis (1991). Burks (1979) considered A. hayhursti as valid, as we consider it here.

hendrickxi (Benoit)

Charips hendrickxi Benoit, 1956: 437 . Type: RMCA ( Benoit, 1956: 438).

Alloxysta hendrickxi (Benoit) Andrews, 1978: 84 .

DISTRIBUTION: Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Benoit, 1956: 437).

HOST: unknown.

heptatoma Hellén

Alloxysta heptatoma Hellén, 1963: 22 . Type: MZH ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 22); Germany ( Hübner et al., 2002: 507).

HOST: HP: Evonymus europaea /HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Aphelinus chaonia ( Hübner et al., 2002: 508) .

ionescui Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay new name

Pezophycta luteipes Ionescu, 1969: 232 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

Alloxysta luteipes (Ionescu) n. comb., non Alloxysta luteipes (Kieffer) .

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 233).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: The name Alloxysta luteipes was preoccuped by Kieffer (1902). Hellén (1963) synonymized Pezophycta with Alloxysta , resulting in a homonimy between Alloxysta luteipes ( Ionescu, 1969) and A. luteipes (Kieffer, 1902) . For this reason, a new name is proposed for the Ionescu species: A. ionescui n. name, dedicated to the original author of this species.

ishizawai (Watanabe)

Charips ishizawai Watanabe, 1950: 87 . Type: EIHU ( Watanabe, 1950: 88).

Alloxysta ishizawai (Watanabe) Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2005: 458 .

DISTRIBUTION: Japan ( Watanabe, 1950: 87).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Pterochlorus tropicalis /HW: Aphidius japonicus ( Watanabe, 1950: 88) .

islandica Hellén

Alloxysta islandica Hellén, 1931: 5 . Type: GNM (Olof Biström pers. com).

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1931: 5); France ( Andrews, 1978: 84); Iceland ( Weld, 1952: 253).

HOST: unknown.

japonicus (Ashmead)

Xystus japonicus Ashmead, 1904: 77 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 84).

Charips (Charips) japonicus (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288 .

Charips japonicus (Ashmead) Watanabe, 1950: 86 .

Alloxysta japonicus (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 84 .

DISTRIBUTION: Japan ( Ashmead, 1904: 77).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 288).

kiefferi Picard

Alloxysta kiefferi Picard, 1919: 239 . Type: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 84).

DISTRIBUTION: France ( Picard, 1919: 239).

HOST: unknown.

lachni (Ashmead)

Allotria lachni Ashmead, 1885: 302 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 64).

Allotria (Allotria) lachni Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Charips (Charips) lachni (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 289 .

Charips lachni (Ashmead) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Alloxysta lachni (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 63 .

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario) and USA (California and Florida) ( Andrews, 1978: 64); USA ( Ashmead, 1885: 302).

HOST: HP: Conifers/HA: Cinara sp. /HW: Aphidiinae and Pauesia sp. ( Andrews, 1978: 64) .

leguminosa (Weld)

Charips leguminosa Weld, 1920: 15 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 65).

Alloxysta leguminosa (Weld) Andrews, 1978: 65 .

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Idaho) ( Weld, 1920: 15).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Nearctaphis bakeri / HW: Aphelinus lapisiligni ( Weld, 1920: 16) . HP: Trifolium sp. /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 65).

leunisii (Hartig)

Xystus leunisii Hartig, 1841: 351 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 24).

Allotria leunisii (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 129 .

Allotria (Allotria) leunisii (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) leunisii (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275 .

Alloxysta leunisii (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 84 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( van Veen et al., 2003: 450); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 351; Höller et al., 1993: 13); Romania (Feraru et al., 2005: 67).

HOST: HP: Centaurea pratensis /HA: Uroleucon sp. /HW: unknown ( Evenhuis, 1982: 24). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/ HW: Aphidius sp. ( Höller et al., 1993: 15). HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Uroleucon cirsii / HW: Aphidius funebris ( van Veen et al., 2003: 450) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Höller et al. (1993). Genetics in van Veen et al. (2003).

References

Abbreviations

NHMA	Natural History Museum, Aarhus Denmark

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Hymenoptera
Family	Figitidae

Alloxysta Förster, 1869

Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Selfa, Jesús & Pujade-Villar, Juli 2012

2012

Alloxysta andrewsi

Ferrer-Suay, M. & Selfa, J. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2011: 690

2011

Alloxysta costaricensis

Ferrer-Suay, M. & Selfa, J. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2011: 691

2011

Alloxysta hansoni

Ferrer-Suay, M. & Selfa, J. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2011: 692

2011

Alloxysta contineus (Belizin)

Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. M. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. L. & Kovalev, O. & Melika, G. & Paretas-Martinez, J. 2010: 288

2010

Alloxysta carinata

Paretas-Martinez, J. & Arnedo, M. A. & Melika, G. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. V. & Fulop, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2007: 161

2007

Alloxysta ishizawai (Watanabe) Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2005: 458

Paretas-Martinez, J. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2005: 458

2005

Alloxysta desantisi

Pujade-Villar, J. & Diaz, N. & Evenhuis, H. H. & Ros-Farre, P. 2002: 541

Pujade-Villar, J. & Diaz, N. & Evenhuis, H. H. & Ros-Farre, P. 2002: 542

2002

Ephedrus sp. ( Bokina, 1997: 435 )

Bokina, I. G. 1997: 435

1997

Carvercharips

Paretas-Martinez, J. & Arnedo, M. A. & Melika, G. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. V. & Fulop, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. 2007: 161

Kovalev, O. V. 1994: 413

1994

Carvercharips carinata (Carver)

Kovalev, O. V. 1994: 413

1994

Alloxysta carinata

Carver, M. 1992: 778

1992

Alloxysta darci (Girault)

Carver, M. 1992: 777

1992

Dysaphis plantaginea

Barczak, T. 1991: 92

1991

Adelixysta

Menke, A. S. & Evenhuis, H. H. 1991: 150

Kierych, E. 1988: 351

1988

Alloxysta abdera

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 19

1986

Allotria (Allotria) arcuata

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

1986

Alloxysta erythrothorax var dubia

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 21

Dessart, P. 1969: 190

1982

Allotria (Allotria) rubriceps

Evenhuis, H. H. & Barbotin, F. 1987: 218

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 21

1982

Allotria (Allotria) victrix var infuscata

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 92

1978

Alloxysta brachyptera castanea (Kieffer)

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 79

1978

Alloxysta cursor (Hartig)

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 81

1978

Alloxysta

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 81

1978

Alloxysta dicksoni

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 60

Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. M. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. L. & Kovalev, O. & Melika, G. & Paretas-Martinez, J. 2010: 288

Belizin, V. I. 1968: 716

1968

Alloxysta brevicella

Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. M. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. L. & Kovalev, O. & Melika, G. & Paretas-Martinez, J. 2010: 288

Belizin, V. I. 1966: 6

1966

Alloxysta apteroidea Hellén, 1963: 23

Hellen, W. 1963: 23

Hellen, W. 1963: 4

1963

Alloxysta brachycera Hellén, 1963: 14

Hellen, W. 1963: 14

Alloxysta halterata (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 20

Hellen, W. 1963: 20

1963

Alloxysta heptatoma Hellén, 1963: 22

Hellen, W. 1963: 22

Hellen, W. 1963: 4

1963

Alloxysta capillata

Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. M. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. L. & Kovalev, O. & Melika, G. & Paretas-Martinez, J. 2010: 288

Belizin, V. I. 1962: 128

1962

Charips contineus

Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. M. & Selfa, J. & Seco-Fernandez, M. L. & Kovalev, O. & Melika, G. & Paretas-Martinez, J. 2010: 288

Belizin, V. I. 1962: 127

1962

Charips ancylocera (Cameron)

Hafez, M. 1961: 85

1961

Trischiza bicolor

Ionescu, M. A. 1959: 28

1959

Charips hendrickxi

Benoit, P. L. G. 1956: 437

Charips japonicus (Ashmead)

Watanabe, C. 1950: 86

1950

Charips

Diaz N. & Loiacono, M. 1995: 6

Diaz, N. B. 1980: 17

De Santis, L. 1937: 14

1937

Allotria

Carver, M. 1992: 777

1928

Xystus brassicae (Ashmead)

Spencer, H. 1926: 148

1926

Alloxysta erythrothorax (Hartig)

Haviland, M. D. 1921: 452

1921

Charips (Charips) hayhursti

Weld, L. H. 1920: 15

1920

Charips leguminosa

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 65

Weld, L. H. 1920: 15

1920

Alloxysta kiefferi

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 84

Dalla Torre, K. W. & Kieffer, J. J. 1910: 290

Menke, A. S. & Evenhuis, H. H. 1991: 146

Kieffer, J. J. 1909: 481

1909

Allotria bakeri

Kieffer, J. J. 1907: 162

1907

Allotria afra

Kieffer, J. J. 1904: 63

1904

Allotria (Allotria) castaneiceps

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

Kieffer, J. J. 1904: 602

1904

Allotria cabrerai

Kieffer, J. J. 1904: 63

1904

australiae (Ashmead)

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 78

Dalla Torre, K. W. & Kieffer, J. J. 1902: 41

Ashmead, W. H. 1900: 330

1900

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 56

Baker, C. F. 1896: 132

1896

Alloxysta robusta

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 55

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 56

Baker, C. F. 1896: 133

1896

Allotria aphidicida (Rondani)

Dalla Torre, C. G. 1893: 30

1893

Allotria castanea (Hartig)

Cameron, P. 1890: 233

1890

Allotria brassicae

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 57

Ashmead, W. H. 1887: 14

1887

Allotria defectus (Hartig)

Cameron, P. 1886: 87

1886

Allotria ancylocera

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Quinlan, J. 1974: 4

Cameron, P. 1886: 85

1886

Allotria lachni

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 64

Ashmead, W. H. 1885: 302

1885

Allotria mullensis

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

Cameron, P. 1883: 366

1883

Forster, A. 1869: 339

1869

Allotria apertus (Hartig)

Taschenberg, E. L. 1866: 129

1866

Allotria fuscicornis (Hartig)

Taschenberg, E. L. 1866: 130

1866

Allotria leunisii (Hartig)

Taschenberg, E. L. 1866: 129

1866

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

Andrews, F. G. 1978: 87

Thomson, C. G. 1862: 409

1862

Allotria fracticornis

Hellen, W. 1963: 4

Thomson, C. G. 1862: 408

1862

Allotria fuscipes

Hellen, W. 1963: 4

Thomson, C. G. 1862: 410

1862

Allotria halterata

Hellen, W. 1963: 4

Allotria consobrina (Zetterstedt)

Dahlbom, G. 1842: 4

1842

Xystus apertus

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 21

Hartig, T. 1841: 353

1841

Xystus castaneus

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 21

Hartig, T. 1841: 352

1841

Xystus circumscriptus

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 22

Hartig, T. 1841: 352

1841

Xystus defectus

Fergusson, N. D. M. 1986: 10

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 22

Hartig, T. 1841: 352

1841

Xystus flavicornis

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Hartig, T. 1841: 352

1841

Xystus fuscicornis

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Hartig, T. 1841: 352

1841

Xystus leunisii

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 24

Hartig, T. 1841: 351

1841

Xystus

Hellen, W. 1963: 8

Hartig, T. 1840: 199

Schoenherr, C. J. 1826: 310

1840

Xystus brachypterus

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 21

Hartig, T. 1840: 200

1840

Xystus cursor

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 22

Hartig, T. 1840: 200

1840

Xystus erythrothorax

Evenhuis, H. H. 1982: 23

Hartig, T. 1840: 200

1840

Cynips consobrina

Zetterstedt, J. W. 1838: 410

1838

Allotria

Hellen, W. 1963: 8

Westwood, J. O. 1833: 494

1833