Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869

Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Paretas-Martínez, Jordi, Selfa, Jesús & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2012, 3376, Zootaxa 3376, pp. 1-92 : 47-56

Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869

Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869: 338 . Type: Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa Förster, 1869 .

Hemicrisis Förster, 1869: 338 . Type: Hemicrisis ruficornis Förster, 1869 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1973: 218). See the history of placement in Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez (2006).

Glyptoxysta Thomson, 1877: 812 . Type: Auloxysta nigripes Thomson, 1877 , by subsequentedesignation ( Ashmead, 1903: 142) (vide Rohwer & Fagan, 1919: 237). Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 5).

Bothrioxysta Kieffer, 1902: 11 . Type: Auloxysta nigripes Thomson, 1877 , by subsequent designation ( Rohwer & Fagan, 1917: 362). Synonymyzed by Hellén (1963: 5).

Charipsella Brèthes, 1913: 159 . Type: Charipsella laevigata Bréthes, 1913 . Synonymyzed by Quinlan & Evenhuis (1980: 428).

abbreviata (Thomson)

Allotria (Auloxyst a) abbreviata Thomson, 1877: 812 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria abbreviata Thomson : Dalla Torre, 1893: 29.

Hemicrisis abbreviata (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 113 .

Phaenoglyphis abbreviata (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 42 .

Phaenoglyphis (Phaenoglyphis) abbreviata (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 7 .

Phaenoglyphis abbreviata (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 93 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 7); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 273); Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 812).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Myzus cerasi /HW: Ephedrus sp. ( Evenhuis, 1978: 171) .

americana Baker Phaenoglyphis americana Baker, 1896: 131 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 35). Hemicrisis brevicornis Kieffer, 1907: 162 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 25). Type: CAS (CAS primary types Database). Hemicrisis nevadensis Kieffer, 1907: 162 . Synonymyzed by Andrews (1978: 25). Type: CAS (CAS primary types Database).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia and Manitoba) and USA (Alaska, California, New England and Utah) ( Andrews, 1978: 36) ; USA (Nevada) ( Kieffer, 1907: 162) ; USA (Colorado) ( Baker, 1896: 131) .

HOST: HP: Nasturtium sp. / HA: Aphis fabae / HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Rumex crispus / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Ribes sp. / HA: Amphorophora rubicola / HW: Aphidiinae ; HP: Abelia goucheri / HA: Dactynotus ambrosiae / HW: Praon unicum ; HP: Baccharis sp. / HA: Dactynotus ambrosiae / HW: Aphidiinae ; HP: Stephanomera exigua / HA: Dactynotus bonitum / HW: Aphidiinae ; HP: Calendula officinalis / HA: Dactynotus rudbeckiae / HW: Aphidius confusus ; HP: Encelia farinosa / HA: Dactynotus katonkae / HW: Ephedrus sp. ; HP: Ambrosia sp. / HA: Dactynotus katonkae / HW: Ephedrus sp. ; HP: Encelia farinosa / HA: Dactynotus katonkae / HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Encelia actoni / HA: Dactynotus katonkae / HW: Aphidius confusus ; HP: Medicago sativa / HA: Acyrthosiphon pisum / HW: Aphidius smithi ; HP: Lupinus sp. / HA: Macrosiphum albifrons / HW: Aphidius pisivorus ; HP: Rosa sp. / HA: Macrosiphum rosae / HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Rosa sp. / HA: Macrosiphum rosae / HW: Aphidius alius ( Andrews, 1978: 37) .

bangalorensis Kurian

Phaenoglyphis bangalorensis Kurian, 1953: 122 . Type: Agra University Museum ( Kurian, 1953: 114).

DISTRIBUTION: India ( Kurian, 1953: 122).

HOST: Chilomenes sexmaculata ( Kurian, 1953: 122) .

calverti Andrews

Phaenoglyphis calverti Andrews, 1978: 37 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 38).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (California) ( Andrews, 1978: 38).

HOST: HP: Graminaea sp. / HA: Sitobion fragariae /HW: Monoctonus paulensis ( Andrews, 1978: 38) .

cincta (Hartig)

Xystus cinctus Hartig, 1841: 351 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 22).

Allotria (Allotria) cincta (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) cinctus (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275 .

Phaenoglyphis cincta (Hartig) Evenhuis, 1982: 22 .

DISTRIBUTION: Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 351).

HOST: unknown.

dolichocera (Cameron)

Allotria dolichocera Cameron, 1889: 56 . Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 7).

Allotria (Allotria) dolichocera Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Charips (Charips) dolichocera (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 276 .

Phaenoglyphis dolichocera (Cameron) Quinlan, 1974: 7 .

Alloxysta dolichocera (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 81 .

Phaenoglyphis dolichocera (Cameron) Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 174 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Cameron, 1889: 57); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 248; Trandafirescu et al., 2004: 260); Scotland ( Cameron, 1889: 57); Spain ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Myzocallis coryli /HW: Trioxys angelicae ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197).

duplocarpentieri (Kieffer)

Phaenoglyphis carpentieri Kieffer, 1904: 592 . Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 188).

Phaenoglyphis duplocarpentieri (Kieffer) Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 215 .

DISTRIBUTION: Belgium ( Crèvecoeur & Maréchal, 1933); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 592; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 274).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Phaenoglyphis duplocarpentieri was the name proposed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987) to resolve the homonymy of Phaenoglyphis carpentieri (Kieffer) (= Allotria (Bothrioxysta) carpentieri Kieffer, 1902 ) and Phaenoglyphis carpentieri Kieffer, 1904 . Andrews (1978) erroneusly proposed a new name to Phaenoglyphis carpentieri (Kieffer, 1902) but not P. carperntieri Kieffer 1904 (see note in P. villosa ).

evenhuisi Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez

Phaenoglyphis evenhuisi Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006: 479 . Type: UB ( Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006: 479).

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006: 479).

HOST: unknown.

falcata Andrews

Phaenoglyphis falcata Andrews, 1978: 38 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 39).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia) ( Andrews, 1978: 39).

HOST: unknown.

frigidus (Belizin)

Auloxysta frigida Belizin, 1968: 716 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287).

Phaenoglyphis frigidus (Belizin) Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287 .

DISTRIBUTION: Russia ( Belizin, 1968: 716).

HOST: unknown.

fuscicornis (Thomson)

Allotria (Auloxysta) fuscicornis Thomson, 1877: 813 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria lundensis Dalla Torre, 1893: 32 . Replacement justified ( Kieffer, 1900: 113).

Phaenoglyphis fuscicornis (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 113 .

Phaenoglyphis (Phaenoglyphis) fuscicornis (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 6 .

Phaenoglyphis fuscicornis (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 94 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 7); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 275); Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 813).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig) was originally described within Xystus ( Xystus fuscicornis Hartig, 1841: 352 ) and transferred to Allotria by Taschenberg (1866: 130). Phaenoglyphis fuscicornis (Thomson) was described within Allotria ( Allotria (Auloxysta) fuscicornis Thomson, 1877: 813 ) and after Taschenberg (1866) there were two species named Allotria fuscicornis . To resolve this homonimy Dalla Torre (1893) proposed the new name: Allotria lundensis ; later, Kieffer (1900: 113) transferred Allotria lundensis to Phaenoglyphis , and as there is no fuscicornis in Phaenoglyphis Thomson’s original name returns to validity.

gutierrezi Andrews

Phaenoglyphis gutierrezi Andrews, 1978: 39 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 40).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia, Montana and Saskatchewan) ( Andrews, 1978: 40) .

HOST: unknown.

hedickei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay n. name

Phaenoglyphis longicornis Hedicke, 1928: 95 (non Xystus longicornis Hartig ). Type: Probably lost ( Evenhuis, 1978: 172).

DISTRIBUTION: Germany ( Hedicke, 1928: 95).

HOST: unknown.

NOTE: The name Phaenoglyphis longicornis was preoccuped after the transference of Xystus longicornis Hartig, 1840 to Phaenoglyphis ( Evenhuis, 1978: 172) . For this reason, a new name is proposed for the Hedicke species: P. hedickei n. name, dedicated to the species author.

heterocera (Hartig)

Xystus heterocerus Hartig, 1841: 351 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 24).

Allotria heterocerus (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 129 .

Allotria heterocera (Hartig) Cameron, 1890: 234 .

Dilyta heterocera (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Allotria (Allotria) heterocera (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Allotria (Allotria) perpusilla Kieffer, 1904: 598 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987: 218). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 196).

Charips (Charips) heterocerus (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275 .

Charips (Charips) perpusillus (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 287 .

Phaenoglyphis heraclei Dettmer, 1925: 124 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1982: 24). Lectotype: NHME ( Evenhuis, 1982: 24).

Alloxysta perpusilla (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 88 .

Phaenoglyphis heterocera (Hartig) Evenhuis, 1982: 24 .

DISTRIBUTION: Austria ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275); England ( Cameron, 1890: 234); France ( Kieffer, 1904 a: 598; De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 351); Romania (Feraru & Mustata, 2005: 75); Sweden ( Andrews, 1978: 84); The Netherlands ( Dettmer, 1925: 124).

HOST: HP: Conium sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis viciae and Aphis plantaginis /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 275). HP: Conium maculatum /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 287). HP: Eryngium campestre and Rumex acetosella / HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 84). HP: Heracleum sphondylium /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Andrews, 1978: 95). HP: Conium maculatum / HA: Cavariella sp. / HW: Trioxys sp. ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1987: 218).

insperatus Belizin

Phaenoglyphis insperatus Belizin, 1973: 36 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287).

DISTRIBUTION: Tajikistan ( Belizin, 1973: 36).

HOST: unknown.

insularis (Belizin)

Auloxysta insularis Belizin, 1973: 37 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287).

Phaenoglyphis insularis (Belizin) Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287 .

DISTRIBUTION: Russia ( Belizin, 1973: 37).

HOST: HP: Salix sp. /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Belizin, 1973: 37).

laevis Andrews

Phaenoglyphis laevis Andrews, 1978: 40 . Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 41).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Alberta and British Columbia) ( Andrews, 1978: 41) .

HOST: unknown.

longicornis (Hartig)

Xystus longicornis Hartig, 1840: 199 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 24).

Allotria longicornis (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 129 .

Allotria (Allotria) longicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40 .

Charips (Charips) longicornis (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277 .

Alloxysta longicornis (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 84 .

Phaenoglyphis longicornis (Hartig) Evenhuis, 1978: 172 .

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277); Germany ( Hartig, 1840: 199); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 252); Scotland ( Cameron, 1886: 86); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 407).

HOST: HP: unknown/ HA: unknown/HW: Nematus vallisnierii ( Hartig, 1840: 199) ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis sp. / HW: Nematus gallicolla ; HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Pontania vallisnieri ; HP: unknown/HA: Pemphigus gnaphalii /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 277).

NOTE: See comments of Allotria (Allotria) testaceipes below, in “Other categories of non-valid species (incertae sedis)”.

moldavica Ionescu

Phaenoglyphis moldavica Ionescu, 1969: 275 . Type: MGAB (M. Forshage pers. com.).

DISTRIBUTION: Romania ( Ionescu, 1969: 276).

HOST: unknown.

nigripes (Thomson)

Allotria (Auloxysta) nigripes Thomson, 1877: 813 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria nigripes Thomson : Dalla Torre, 1893: 34.

Allotria (Bothrioxysta) nigripes Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Auloxysta nigripes (Thomson) Ashmead, 1903: 142 .

Charips (Bothrioxysta) nigripes (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 268 .

Bothrioxysta nigripes (Thomson) Rohwer & Fagan, 1917: 362 .

Phaenoglyphis nigripes (Thomson) Rohwer & Fagan, 1919: 337 .

Charips nigripes (Thomson) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Phaenoglyphis (Auloxysta) nigripes (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 7 .

Phaenoglyphis nigripes (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 95 .

DISTRIBUTION: Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 8); Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 813).

HOST: unknown.

pecki Andrews

Phaenoglyphis pecki Andrews, 1978: 41 . Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 42).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Tennessee) ( Andrews, 1978: 42).

HOST: unknown.

pilosus Andrews

Phaenoglyphis pilosus Andrews, 1978: 42 . Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 43).

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Alberta and British Columbia) and USA (California, Colorado and Idaho) ( Andrews, 1978: 43) .

HOST: HP: Picea sitchensis / HA: Cinara sp. / HW: Aphidiinae ( Andrews, 1978: 43) .

proximus Belizin

Phaenoglyphis proximus Belizin, 1966: 8 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 287).

DISTRIBUTION: Moldova ( Belizin, 1966: 8).

HOST: HP: unknown/HA: Dysaphis mali /HW: unknown ( Belizin, 1966: 8).

pubicollis ( Thomson, 1877)

Allotria (Auloxysta) pubicollis Thomson, 1877: 812 . Type: MZLU ( Evenhuis, 1973: 219).

Allotria pubicollis Thomson : Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.

Hemicrisis pubicollis (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 113 .

Phaenoglyphis pubicollis (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 42 .

DISTRIBUTION: Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 812).

HOST: unknown.

repentinus Belizin

Phaenoglyphis repentinus Belizin, 1962: 127 . Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 286).

DISTRIBUTION: Russia ( Belizin, 1962: 127).

HOST: unknown.

ruficornis (Förster)

Hemicrisis ruficornis Förster, 1869: 339 . Type: NMW ( Evenhuis, 1973: 219).

Phaenoglyphis ruficornis (Förster) Evenhuis, 1973: 219 .

Hemicrisis ruficornis Förster : Ronquist, 1999: 163.

Phaenoglyphis ruficornis (Förster) Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006: 479 .

DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan) ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150); Germany ( Förster, 1869: 339); Israel ( Argaman, 1988: 115); USA (California) ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150).

HOST: HP: Salix sp. and Picea sp. /HA: Tuberolachnus salignus , Tuberolachnus sp. and Cinara sp. /HW: Aphidius salignae ( Andrews, 1978: 27) .

salicis (Cameron)

Allotria salicis Cameron, 1883: 367 . Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1978a: 126).

Hemicrisis salicis (Cameron) Cameron, 1886: 89 .

Phaenoglyphis salicis (Cameron) Cameron, 1890: 237 .

Phaenoglyphis forticornis Cameron, 1888: 210 . Synonymyzed by Fergusson (1986: 11). Type: BMNH ( Fergusson, 1986: 11).

DISTRIBUTION: England ( Cameron, 1888: 210); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Romania ( Ionescu, 1969:

274); Scotland ( Cameron, 1883: 367); Spain ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197).

HOST: HP: Salix pentandra /HA: unknown/HW: Cryptocampus amerinae ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 296) ; HP: unknown/HA: Cavariella theobaldi /HW: Trioxys heraclei ( Evenhuis, 1978: 171) .

NOTE: (1) According to Quinlan (1974: 7) the type material of Allotria salicis Cameron and Phaenoglyphis forticornis Cameron is lost. Nevertheless, in Fergusson (1986: 11) both species have an asterisk meaning that he examined the type material.

stenos Andrews

Phaenoglyphis stenos Andrews, 1978: 43 . Type: CNCI ( Andrews, 1978: 44).

DISTRIBUTION: USA (Alaska) ( Andrews, 1978: 44).

HOST: unknown.

stricta (Thomson)

Allotria (Auloxysta) stricta Thomson, 1877: 812 . Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria stricta Thomson : Dalla Torre, 1893: 35.

Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson) Kieffer, 1900: 113 .

Phaenoglyphis striata (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 42 . (lapsus)

Charips stricta (Thomson) Weld, 1952: 252 .

Phaenoglyphis (Phaenoglyphis) stricta (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 6 .

Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 96 .

DISTRIBUTION: Andorra ( Ferrer-Suay et al., 2011c: 360); Denmark ( Hellén, 1963: 6); England ( Andrews, 1978: 96); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 6); France ( Andrews, 1978: 96); Germany ( Andrews, 1978: 96; Hübner et al., 2002: 507); Russia ( Hellén, 1963: 6); Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 812).

HOST: HP: Cirsium arvense /HA: Uroleucon cirsii /HW: Aphidius funebris ( Hübner et al., 2002: 509) .

villosa (Hartig)

Xystus villosus Hartig, 1841: 353 . Type: ZSM ( Evenhuis, 1982: 27).

Allotria piciceps Thomson, 1862: 409 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: MZLU ( Hellén, 1963: 4).

Allotria villosus (Hartig) Taschenberg, 1866: 130 .

Allotria (Auloxysta) piciceps Thomson : Thomson, 1877: 813.

Allotria collina Cameron, 1889: 57 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 7).

Allotria perplexa Cameron, 1889: 58 . Synonymyzed by Andrews, 1978: 95 (only males). Type: BMNH ( Quinlan, 1974: 6).

Allotria villosa (Hartig) Dalla Torre, 1893: 36 .

Allotria ambrosiae Ashmead, 1898: 156 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 140). Type: USNM ( Andrews, 1978: 31).

Dilyta (Alloxysta) villosa (Hartig) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Dilyta perplexa (Cameron) Kieffer, 1900: 114 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) villosa (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) perplexa (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 39 .

Allotria (Bothrioxysta) piciceps Thomson : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) collina Cameron : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 40.

Allotria (Allotria) ambrosiae Ashmead : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1902: 41.

Allotria (Bothrioxysta) foveigera Kieffer, 1902: 11 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 191).

Allotria (Bothrioxysta) carpentieri Kieffer, 1902: 11 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Allotria (Bothrioxysta) curvata Kieffer, 1902: 12 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 191).

Allotria (Allotria) recticornis recticornis Kieffer, 1902: 12 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 191).

Alloxysta subaperta Kieffer, 1904: 595 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Alloxysta campyla Kieffer, 1904: 597 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis & Barbotin (1977: 184). Type: NHMA ( Dessart, 1969: 190).

Glyptoxysta necans Kieffer, 1909: 481 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 145). Type: University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 145).

Bothrioxysta numidica Kieffer, 1909: 482 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 145). Type: ZMHB ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 145).

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) villosa (Hartig) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 260 .

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) subaperta Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 263.

Alloxysta (Alloxysta) campyla Kieffer : Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 263.

Charips (Bothrioxysta) piciceps (Thomson) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 268 .

Charips (Bothrioxysta) foveigera (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 268 .

Charips (Bothrioxysta) carpentieri (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 268 .

Charips (Bothrioxysta) curvatus (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 269 .

Charips (Charips) recticornis recticornis (Kieffer) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 278 .

Charips (Charips) collinus (Cameron) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280 .

Charips (Charips) ambrosiae (Ashmead) Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 289 .

Charips (Bothrioxysta) ambrosiae (Ashmead) Weld, 1920: 15 .

Glyptoxysta bifoveata Girault, 1931: 2 . Synonymyzed by Carver (1992: 780). Type: QM ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 148).

Alloxysta perplexa (Cameron) Hellén, 1931: 4 .

Charips ambrosiae (Ashmead) Muesebeck & Krombein, 1951: 607 .

Charips numidica (Kieffer) Weld, 1952: 252 .

Phaenoglyphis piciceps (Thomson) Hellén, 1958: 67 .

Bothrioxysta colorata Belizin, 1962: 126 . Synonymyzed by Pujade-Villar et al. (2010: 286). Type: ZIN ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2010a: 286).

Charips flavipes Ionescu, 1963: 174 . Synonymyzed by Menke & Evenhuis (1991: 143). Type: MGAB (M. Stan pers. com.).

Phaenoglyphis (Auloxysta) piciceps (Thomson) Hellén, 1963: 7 .

Bothrioxysta carpentieri (Kieffer) Belizin, 1966: 4 .

Bothrioxysta curvatus (Kieffer) Belizin, 1966: 4 .

Bothrioxysta foveigera (Kieffer) Belizin, 1966: 4 .

Phaenoglyphis carpentieri (Kieffer) Hellén, 1963: 5 .

Charips carpentieri (Kieffer) Ionescu, 1969: 247 .

Auloxysta tarsata Belizin, 1973: 36 . Synonymyzed by Pujade-Villar et al. (2007: 171). Type: ZMAS ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171).

Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig) Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 184 .

Alloxysta villosa (Hartig) Andrews, 1978: 92 .

Phaenoglyphis ambrosiae (Ashmead) Andrews, 1978: 30 .

Alloxysta recticornis recticornis (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 89 .

Phaenoglyphis collina (Cameron) Andrews, 1978: 94 .

Phaenoglyphis foveigera (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 94 .

Phaenoglyphis curvata (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 94 .

Phaenoglyphis helleni Andrews, 1978: 94 . New name for Allotria (Bothrioxysta) carpentieri Kieffer (see above note).

Phaenoglyphis numidica (Kieffer) Andrews, 1978: 95 .

Phaenoglyphis piciceps (Thomson) Andrews, 1978: 95 .

Alloxysta carpentieri (Kieffer) Talickij & Kuslickij, 1990: 176 .

Alloxysta curvatus (Kieffer) Talickij & Kuslickij, 1990: 176 .

Phaenoglyphis flavipes (Ionescu) Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 143 .

Phaenoglyphis necans (Kieffer) Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 145 .

DISTRIBUTION: Algeria ( Kieffer, 1909: 482); Andorra ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Argentina (Pujade-

Villar et al., 2002: 543); Australia ( Girault, 1931: 2; Carver, 1992: 783; Wilson & Swincer, 1984: 47);

Belgium ( Crèvecoeur & Maréchal, 1933: 269; Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Bulgaria and Balkan peninsula ( Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1976: 24); Canada (Alberta and British Columbia) ( Andrews, 1978: 34;

Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150); Canada (Manitoba) ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Canada (New

Brunswick) ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150); Canada (Nova Scotia) ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150);

Canada (Ontario) ( Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150; Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Canada (Québec)

( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Chile ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2002: 543); China ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007:

171); England ( Cameron, 1889: 58; Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 280; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland

( Hellén, 1958: 67; Hellén, 1963: 7); France ( Kieffer, 1902a: 11, 12, 13; Kieffer, 1904 a: 595, 597; De

Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Hartig, 1841: 353; Hübner et al., 2002: 509; Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Gough Island ( South Africa) ( Gaston et al., 2003: 1096); Greece ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Hawaii ( Beardsley, 1985: 50); Hungary ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Irak ( Al-Jassani & Al-Adil, 1986: 59); Iran ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Japan ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171; Takada & Nakamura, 2010: 270); Madeira ( Borges et al., 2008); Massachusetts (Cambridge) ( Ashmead, 1898: 156); Menorca Island ( Spain) ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2001: 85); Moldova ( Belizin, 1966: 7); Morocco ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); New Zealand ( Valentine, 1975: 60; Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 185); Norway ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); Poland ( Kierych, 1979b: 14; Barczak, 1993: 5, 6); Romania ( Ionescu, 1963: 174; Ionescu, 1969: 247; Prelipcean et al., 2004: 60); Russia ( Belizin, 1962: 126; Hellén, 1963: 7; Belizin, 1973: 36); Spain ( Torras-Casals, 1996: 196, 197; Suay et al., 1998: 106); Sweden ( Thomson, 1862: 409); Taiwan ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); The Netherlands ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 185); Ukraine ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171); USA (California) ( Andrews, 1978: 34; Menke & Evenhuis, 1991: 150); USA (Massachusetts) ( Kieffer, 1909: 481); USA (New England) ( Andrews, 1978: 34); USA ( Pujade-Villar et al., 2007: 171).

HOST: HP: Sonchus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Sinapis sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown; HP: Aegopodium sp. , Alisma sp. and Platanus sp. /HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26). HP: unknown/HA: Aphis ambrosia / HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 289). HP: Sinapis alba / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 269). HP: Sonchus asper / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 268). HP: Platanus sp. , Alisma plantago and Aegopodium podagraria / HA: Aphis sp. /HW: unknown ( Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910: 278). HP: Aulacorthum pelargonii / HA: Myzus ornatus and Rhopalodiphoum padi /HW: unknown ( Valentine, 1975: 60). HP: Quercus sp. /HA: Tuberculoides annulatus /HW: Trioxys (Trioxys) pallidus ; HP: Berberis sp. /HA: Liosomaphis berberidis /HW: Aphidius hortensis (Vasileva-Sumnalieva, 1975: 24) . In the Netherlands the following combinations were established by Evenhuis: HP: Quercus robur /HA: Tuberculoides annulatus / HW: Praon flavinode ; HP: Acer campestre / HA: Periphyllus sp. /HW: Trioxys falcatus ; HP: Tilia sp. /HA: Eucallipterus tiliae /HW: an unidentified species of Aphelinidae ; HP: Malus sylvestris / HA: Rhopalosiphum insertum /HW: Monoctonus cerasi ; HP: Prunus sp. /HA: unknown/HW: unknown; HP: Phragmites australis / HA: Hyalopterus pruni / HW: Praon volucre ; HP: Cirsium arvense / HA: Aphis sp. / HW: Lysiphlebus sp ; HP: Malus sylvestris / HA: Dysaphis plantaginea / HW: Ephedrus persicae ; HP: Sinapis arvensis /HA: Brevicoryne brassicae /HW: Diaeretiella rapae ; HP: Berberis vulgaris /HA: Liosomaphis berberidis /HW: Trioxys hortorum ; HP: Sonchus asper and Sonchus oleraceus /HA: Hyperomyzus lactucae / HW: Aphidius sonchi ; HP: Galeopsis tetrahit / HA: Cryptomyzus galeopsidis /HW: Aphidius ribis ; HP: Rosa spp. /HA: Macrosiphum rosae /HW: Aphidius rosae ; HP: Campanula sp. /HA: Uroleucon campanulae /HW: Trioxys centaureae ; HP: Urtica dioica / HA: Microlophium evansi /HW: Aphidius ervi ; HP: Graminaea/HA: Metopolophium dirhodum /HW: Aphidius uzbekistanicus . In France the combinations established by Barbotin and identified by Dr. G. Remaudière are: HP: Poa annua / HA: Rhopalosiphum padi /HW: Ephedrus plagiator , Trioxys auctus and Aphidius sp. ; HP: Mahonia aquifolium / HA: Liosomaphis berberidis /HW: Aphelinus sp. ; HP: Leontodon sp. /HA: Nasonovia ribisnigri /HW: Aphidius hieraciorum ; HP: Hordeum murinum /HA: Sitobion avenae /HW: Aphidius sp. ; HP: Statice sp. / HA: Staticobium sp. /HW: Praon sp. ; HP: Cyperaceae / HA: Rhopalosiphum insertum / HW: unknown; HP: Lapsana communis / HA: Myzus ornatus /HW: unknown; HP: Gomphocarpus fruticosus / HA: Aphis nerii / HW: unknown ( Evenhuis & Barbotin, 1977: 185). HP: Artemisia douglasiana /HA: Dactynotus ambrosiae /HW: Lysiphlebus testaceipes ( Andrews, 1978: 32) . HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp. ( Horn, 1984: 19) . HP: unknown/HA: Theriopaphis trifolii / HW: Trioxys complanatus ( Wilson & Swincer, 1984:47) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae /HW: Ephedrus persicae , Trioxys angelicae and Lysiphlebus confusus ( Al-Jassani & Al-Adil, 1986: 59) . HP: unknown/HA: Acyrthosiphon kondoi /HW: Aphidius ervi and Ephedrus plagiator ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis craccivora / HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis gossypii /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis nerii /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Aphis spiraecola / HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Brachycaudus helichrysi / HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Brachycaudus persicae /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Cavariella aegopodii /HW: Aphidius salicis ; HP: unknown/HA: Hyadaphis foeniculi /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Hyperomyzus lactucae / HW: Aphidius sonchi ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus cerasi /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: Prunus persicae / HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: unknown/HA: Myzus persicae /HW: Ephedrus persicae ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum maidis / HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/HA: Rhopalosiphum padi /HW: Aphidius colemani ; HP: unknown/ HA: Rhopalosiphum padi / HW: Aphidius similis ; HP: unknown/HA: Therioaphis trifolli f. maculata / HW: Trioxys complanatus ; HP: unknown/HA: Toxoptera citricidus /HW: Aphidius colemani ( Carver, 1992: 770) . HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius sp. , Ephedrus sp. , Praon sp. and Trioxys sp. ( Höller et al., 1993: 15). HP: unknown/HA: unknown/HW: Aphidius sp. , Praon sp. and Ephedrus sp. ( Bokina, 1997: 435) . HP: Rosa sp. / HA: Macrosiphum rosae /HW: unknown; HP: Asparagus maritimus /HA: Myzus persicae /HW: unknown; HP: Sonchus tenerrimus /HA: unknown/HW: unknown ( Suay et al., 1998: 106). HP: unknown/HA: Capitophorus carduinis (sic)/HW: unknown; HP: unknown/HA: Sitobion spp. /HW: Aphidius sp. , Ephedrus sp. and Aphelinus sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). HP: Salix caprea /HA: Aphis farinosa /HW: Lysiphlebus confusus ( Hübner et al., 2002: 509) . HP: unknown/HA: Aphis fabae , Sitobion avenae , Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae / HW: unknown ( Barczak, 2003: 227). HP: Acer pseudoplatanus / HA: Drepanosiphum platanoidis /HW: Trioxys cirsii ; HP: Rapistrum rugosum / HA: Lipaphis pseudobrassicae /HW: Diaretiella rapae ; HP: Quercus canariensis / HA: Myzocallis castanicola / HW: Trioxys tenuicaudus ; HP: Triticum aestivum /HA: Rhopalosiphum padi /HW: Aphidius coleman i ( Carver, 2004: 2). HP: Solidago altissima / HA: Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum / HW: Ephedrus plagiator ( Takada & Nakamura, 2010: 270) .

COMMENTS: Biology in Valentine (1975); Vasileva-Sumnalieva (1976); Horn (1984); Wilson & Swincer (1984); Al-Jassani & Al-Adil (1986); Höller et al. (1993); Bokina (1997); Vardal et al. (2003); Krawczyk et al. (2009). Genetic in Gokhman (2004). Ovipositor in Buffington (2007). Venom gland in Vardal (2006).

NOTE: Phaenoglyphis helleni was the name proposed by Andrews (1978: 94) to resolve the homonymy of Phaenoglyphis carpentieri (Kieffer, 1902) (= Allotria (Bothrioxysta) carpentieri Kieffer, 1902 ) and Phaenoglyphis carpentieri Kieffer, 1904 . Nevertheless, the name proposed by Andrews is incorrect because according to Code of Nomenclature Zoological the name that needs to change is ‘ carpentieri ’ from Kieffer (1904) as Evenhuis & Barbotin (1987) made (see Phaenoglyphis duplocarpentieri ( Kieffer, 1904)) .

xanthochroa Förster Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa Förster, 1869: 339 . Type: ZMHB ( Andrews, 1978: 96). Allotria (Auloxysta) rufa Thomson, 1877: 812 . Synonymyzed by Cameron (1879: 23). Type: MZLU ( Evenhuis, 1978: 170). Phaenoglyphis obfuscata Kieffer, 1902: 16 . Synonymyzed by Evenhuis (1978: 169). Type: BMNH ( Evenhuis, 1978: 170). Phaenoglyphis (Phaenoglyphis) xanthochroa Förster : Hellén, 1963: 6. Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa Förster : Andrews, 1978: 96. DISTRIBUTION: England ( Marshall, 1870; Kieffer, 1902b: 14; Müller et al., 1999: 346); Finland ( Hellén, 1963: 6); France ( De Gaulle, 1908: 26); Germany ( Förster, 1869: 339); Ireland ( O’Connor & Nash, 1997); Poland ( Krawczyk et al., 2009: 163); Sweden ( Thomson, 1877: 812); The Netherlands ( Evenhuis, 1978: 171). HOST: HP: Urtica dioica / HA: Microlophium evansi / HW: Aphidius ervi ; HP: Roses sp./HA: Macrosiphum rosae / HW: Aphidius rosae ; HP: Sonchus asper /HA: Hyperomyzus lactucae /HW: Aphidius sonchi ( Evenhuis, 1978: 171) . HP: unknown/HA: Macrosiphum funestum /HW: unknown; HP: unknown/HA: Amphorophora rubi /HW: Aphidius sp. and Praon sp. ( Müller et al., 1999: 352). COMMENTS: Biology in Krawczyk et al. (2009).