Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880

Oliveira-Rogeri, Lucas, França, Nielson Felix Caetano, Peres, Pedro Augusto & Mantelatto, Fernando L., 2023, Cleaning the mud: Integrative approach clarifies the taxonomy of mud crabs of the genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae) along the Southwestern Atlantic, Zoologischer Anzeiger 307, pp. 96-124 : 105-106

3.7. Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880

( Fig. 1G , 10 A-L)

Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880: 314 , pl. 57, Fig. 4 ; Benedict and Rathbun, 1891: 383; Rathbun, 1900: 15; Rathbun, 1930: 348, pl. 162–163; Rathbun, 1933: 61; Coelho and Ramos, 1972: 190; Abele and Kim, 1986: 51; Melo, 1996: 375; Almeida et al., 2006: 15; Coelho et al., 2008: 34 ; Melo, 2008: 11; Ng et al., 2008: 191; Felder et al., 2009: 1082; Marochi and Masunari, 2011: 25; Alves et al., 2012: 945; Thoma et al., 2014: 96; Mantelatto et al., 2020: 76 .

3.7.1. Type material

Not available. Possibly lost after the Prussian bombardment of Paris, which hit the museum and its zoology service building ( Milne-Edwards, 1880). Type-locality: Brazil: Bahia.

3.7.2. Material examined

Brazil: Sergipe: 1 female (CW 36.76 mm), MOUFPE 5883 , Rio Sergipe, iv.1982 . – S˜ao Paulo : 1 male (CW 50.11 mm) and 2 female (CW 41.95 mm and 43.56 mm), CCDB 6488 , S˜ao Vicente, 14.ii.2011 ; 2 male (CW 51.36 mm and 54.30 mm) and 1 female (CW 36.35 mm), CCDB 736 , Cananeia, 24 ◦ 59’27.1’’S, 47 ◦ 53’43.3’’W, 30.viii.2011 ; 1 male (CW 49.3 mm), CCDB 6411 , Cananeia , 25 ◦ 01’22’’S, 47 ◦ 55’48’’W, 08. xi.2011 .

3.7.3. Diagnosis

Front developed and remarkably quadrilobed with prominent outer lobes, median sinus deep. Rough dorsal surface of carapace with distinct thick granulation pattern, particularly in the medial (1M, 2M), anterolateral (1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L) and postero-lateral (1 R, 2 R) carapace regions; transverse granulate striations prominent. Anterolateral margin of carapace consisting of five teeth. First inconspicuous and separated by a large and shallow sinus from the second; third tuberculiform, fourth triangular and fifth more similar to a spine than to a tooth. Chelipeds very rough and thick granulated, especially carpus and propodus. Carpal groove parallel to the distal margin of the segment present. Fingers deeply grooved. Pigmented spot on the inner surface of third maxilliped ischium absent. Sternites 3 and 4 with thick and sparse granules. Width of pleonite 6 greater at the distal end than at the proximal end; length: width ratio of pleonite 6 greater than 0.70; socket of pleonal locking mechanism not reaching the half of pleonite 6. Trilobed structure of gonopod apex present. Lateral tooth of first gonopod singular. Vulva more than half the length of the sternite 6; vulva with ovate shape.

3.7.4. Distribution

Western Atlantic – United States (Florida), Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, Caribbean Sea, north of South America and Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, S˜ao Paulo, Paran´a, Santa Catarina) ( Marochi and Masunari, 2011; Mantelatto et al., 2020).

3.7.5. Remarks

Although this species is known for being typically estuarine, Almeida et al. (2008) found some specimens in freshwater environment. This record was obtained from the Santana River (14 ◦ 51’07.4"S, 39 ◦ 04’12.8"W), in the Brazilian state of Bahia, which is also the type-locality for the species. Furthermore, the photo of a P. rugosus specimen presented by Almeida et al. (2008, Fig. 9 , p. 1248) strongly resembles our P. rugosus specimens suggesting that those specimens truly correspond to this species and were not misidentified.

Figures

Fig. 1. Genus Panopeus H. Milne Edwards, 1834. (A) Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857 (CCDB 2227; CW = 17.8 mm), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (B) Panopeus austrobesus Williams, 1983 (CCDB 2240; CW = 13.4 mm), Espírito Santo, Brazil. (C) Panopeus harttii Smith, 1869 (CCDB 2347; CW = 16.1 mm), Cear´a, Brazil. (D) Panopeus lacustris Desbonne in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867 (CCDB 3554; CW =15.3 mm), Bocas del Toro, Panama. (E) Panopeus meridionalis Williams, 1983 (CCDB 6678; CW = 28.5 mm), Maldonado, Uruguay. (F) Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857 (CCDB 2337; CW = 17.8 mm), Cear´a, Brazil. (G) Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (CCDB 6411; CW = 49.3 mm), S˜ao Paulo, Brazil. Scale bars (mm): A = 8.9; B = 6.7; C = 8; D = 7.6; E = 14.2; F = 4.5; G = 24.6.

Fig. 10. Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880. A, D, E, G, H, J =male (CCDB 6411; CW =49.3 mm), S˜ao Paulo, Brazil; B, C, F, I, K, =male (CCDB 0736; CW = 51.36 mm), S˜ao Paulo, Brazil; L =female (MOUFPE 5883; CW 36.76 mm), Sergipe, Brazil. (A) Carapace, dorsal view. (B) Carapace, frontal view. (C) Sixth pleonite, view of the inner surface. (D) Third maxilliped, view of the inner surface. (E) Front, dorsal view. (F) Merus of fourth pereopod, lateral view. (G) Cheliped, outer view. (H) G1 apex, mesial lateral view (coloured image was generated on a stereomicroscope; grayscale image was produced on a CT-scan equipment). (I) Sixth pleonite, view of the external surface. (J) Anterolateral margin of the carapace, dorsal view. (K) Sternites 3 and 4, ventral view. (L) Right vulva. Blue arrow indicates the carpal groove. Scale bars (mm): A = 25; B = 17; C, F, I = 8; D = 5; E = 5.5; F = 6.5; G = 13; H = 0.5; J, K = 12.5; L = 1.5.

Fig. 4. Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857. A, D, E = syntype male (MHNG 16422), Guadeloupe; B, C, F–H, L-N = male (CCDB 2227; CW = 17.8 mm), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; I =male (CCDB 4445; CW =21.3 mm), Par´a, Brazil; J =male (CCDB 6602; CW =22.6 mm), Maranh˜ao, Brazil; K =female (CCDB 2227; CW =18.2 mm), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (A) General dorsal view of Panopeus americanus syntype. (B, D) Front, dorsal view. (C, E) Anterolateral margin of the carapace, dorsal view. (F) Cheliped, outer view. (G) Third maxilliped, view of the inner surface. (H) Fourth pereopod, lateral view. (I) G1 apex, mesial lateral view (coloured image was generated on a stereomicroscope; grayscale image was produced on a CT-scan equipment). (J) Carapace, dorsal view. (K) Right vulva. (L) Carapace, frontal view. Blue arrow indicates the carpal groove. (M) Thoracic sternum and pleon, carapace ventral view. (N) Sixth pleonite, view of the inner surface. Scale bars (mm): B, L = 2; C, F = 5.5; G, N = 2; H = 2.5; I = 0.25; J = 11; K = 0.5; L, M = 4.

Fig. 9. Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857. A, B, C =syntype male (MHNG 16428), Guadeloupe; E, G; J =male (CCDB 2337; CW =17.8 mm), Cear´a, Brazil; D, F, H, I, K, M O = male (CCDB 6920; CW = 12.4 mm), Pernambuco, Brazil; L = female (CCDB 7345; CW = 16.1 mm), Pernambuco, Brazil. (A) General dorsal view of Panopeus occidentalis syntype. (B, D) Front, dorsal view. (C, E) Anterolateral margin of the carapace, dorsal view. (F) Cheliped, outer view. (G) Third maxilliped, view of the inner surface. (H) Fourth pereopod, lateral view. (I) G1 apex, mesial lateral view (coloured image was generated on a stereomicroscope; grayscale image was produced on a CT-scan equipment). (J) Carapace, dorsal view. (K) Sixth pleonite, view of the external surface. (L) Right vulva. (M) Carapace, frontal view. (N) Sixth pleonite, view of the inner surface. (O) Sternites 3 and 4, ventral view. Blue arrows indicate the carpal groove. White arrow indicates the pigmented spot on the third maxilliped. Scale bars (mm): D, H = 1.5; E = 6; F, M = 4; G, K, N = 2; I, L = 0.25; J = 4.5; O = 3.