Tylobolus Cook, 1904

Shelley, Rowland M. & Floyd, Samuel D., 2014, Expanded concept of the milliped family Spirobolidae Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidea): Proposals of Aztecolini n. tribe and Floridobolinae / ini and Tylobolini n. stats.; (re) descriptions of Floridobolus and F. penneri, both Causey, 1957, and F. orini n. sp.; hypotheses on origins and affinities, Insecta Mundi 2014 (357), pp. 1-50 : 23-24

Genus Tylobolus Cook, 1904

Spirobolus (not Brandt): Wood, 1867:129.

Tylobolus Cook, 1904:65 . Brölemann, 1914:22, 32. Chamberlin, 1949:166–168. Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958:168. Hoffman and Keeton, 1960:24. Keeton, 1960a:114–121. Buckett, 1964:23. Loomis, 1968a:93. Jeekel, 1971:208. Hoffman, 1980a:77; 1999:44–45. Kevan, 1983:2962. Shelley et al., 2000:23. Shelley, 2002a:98 .

Californibolus Verhoeff, 1944:55 . Chamberlin, 1949:165. Causey, 1955a:78. Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958:161. Hoffman and Keeton, 1960:10. Jeekel, 1971:195.

Auxobolus Chamberlin, 1949:163 . Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958:160. Hoffman and Keeton, 1960:9. Jeekel, 1971:194.

Type-species. Of Tylobolus , T. deses Cook, 1904 , by original designation; of Californibolus , C. michelbacheri Verhoeff, 1937 , by monotypy; of Auxobolus , A. ergus Chamberlin, 1949 , by original designation. Diagnosis. Generally longer and more slender Tylobolini ; paraprocts not or only slightly re-entrant, usually without marginal rims. Posterior gonopod acropodites with only one distal lobe, prolonged apically to varying degrees, usually curving strongly dorsad and imparting uncinate appearance to overall appendage.

Components. Eight nominal species, one divided into two subspecies: T. uncigerus (Wood, 1864) ; T. deses deses Cook, 1904 , and T. d. magnificus Buckett and Gardner, 1966; T. castaneus Chamberlin, 1918 ; T. claremontus Chamberlin, 1918 ; T. utahensis Chamberlin, 1925 ; T. viduus Chamberlin, 1940 ; T. monachus ( Chamberlin, 1949) ; T. loomisi Keeton, 1966 ( Keeton 1960a, 1966; Shelley and Bauer 1997; Hoffman 1999; Shelley 2002 a , 2010). In their treatment, Shelley and Bauer (1997) did not consider T. fredricksoni Causey, 1955 , ostensibly from Lawrence, Douglas Co., Kansas, to be a valid species.

Distribution ( Fig. 12 , red line). The large, continuous tribal and familial areas along the Pacific Coast west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains, including the eastward extension to Utah and Arizona. The range completely overlies the small Pacific Coastal area of Hiltonius .

Origin. We concur with Keeton (1960a) that Tylobolus arose directly from Hiltonius , probably in the range overlap area in southern California, and arbitrarily date its origin at <297 mya.

Figures

Figure 12. Distribution of Floridobolinae plotted against Cretaceous land patterns; submerged, marine Florida terrane and approximate maximal dimensions of the Western Interior Seaway in light blue. Ap, Appalachia. F, Floridobolus/Floridobolini. L, Laramidia. SA, Presumptive Source Area in the “northern Mexican Highlands.” Black lines and dot (delineated by the arrow), Hiltonius/Tylobolini. Red line, Tylobolus/Tylobolini. Green line and dot (in Florida), Floridobolus/Floridobolini. The area where Tylobolini/Hiltonius and Aztecolus overlap constitutes the presumptive source area.