Brachoria, Chamberlin, 1939

Means, Jackson C., Hennen, Derek A., Tanabe, Tsutomu & Marek, Paul E., 2021, Phylogenetic Systematics of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae, Insect Systematics and Diversity 5 (2), No. 1, pp. 1-26 : 9

Brachoria ‘Clinch’ ( Marek and Bond 2006)

Appalachioria ‘n. sp. Clinch Mountain’ ( Marek and Bond 2007, Means and Marek 2017)

Material examined: Type specimens. ♂ holotype ( VTEC SPC000282), ♂ paratype ( VMNH SPC000280), and ♀ paratypes ( VTEC SPC000281, 283) from Virginia, Washington County, Clinch Mountain, CR-612 (36.72317°N, - 82.2985°W, Elev. 635 m), 28 May 2004, 15:00, tulip, birch, oak, sassafras (Coll: P. E. Marek). Material examined listed in Supp Table 2 (online only).

Diagnosis: Adult males of Appalachioria bondi n. sp. are distinct from other apheloriine species based on the following combination of characters: Gonopods. Gonopodal acropodite curving ventromedially at apex, with a distal cingulum, separating it from Apheloria and Rudiloria ( Fig. 6 ). Prefemoral process short and stout, basal zone lacking tubercles. Acropodite at anterior bend with three stout, triangular dorsal tubercles, separating it from most other Appalachioria species. Distal zone constricted basally, with a medially curved, blunt, uncinate tip. Color. Appalachioria bondi n. sp. has multiple color morphs, often co-occurring ( Fig. 5A–G ). Tergites always with white, light-pink, or yellow paranotal spots, sometimes also with concolorous metatergal middorsal spots. Dark-brown to black background. Collum always with concolorous white, light-pink, or yellow anterior and lateral spots, sometimes also with a posterior spot, never with marginal lines connecting the spots.

Description: Supp Table 3 (online only). Based on Holotype (♂) SPC000282.

Measurements (mm): BL = 42.0, CW = 8.5, IW = 5.2, ISW = 1.4, B11W = 9.9, B11H = 5.8.

Variation: The dorsal tubercles on the anterior bend of the acropodite vary in size and number, ranging from 1 to 3 (exceptionally up to 10) small to stout triangular tubercles, sometimes serrated or divided apically. The tubercles can vary from dorsal to medial in position. The tip of the acropodite may be curved medially to ventrally. The prefemoral process ranges from short and thin to long and stout and varies from small to medium in size. Appalachioria bondi n. sp. exhibits six unique color patterns: yellow four-spotted collum ( Fig. 5A ), red twospotted, collum with one anterior and two lateral red spots ( Fig. 5B ), yellow two-spotted, collum with one anterior and two lateral yellow spots ( Fig. 5E ), white four-spotted collum ( Fig. 5C ), white two-spotted, collum with one anterior and two lateral white spots ( Fig. 5F ) and red four-spotted collum ( Fig. 5D ).

Ecology: Individuals of Appalachioria bondi n. sp. have been found in mesic deciduous forests of oak, beech, maple, tuliptree, birch, buckeye, and sassafras, with small patches of eastern redcedar nearby.

Distribution: Appalachioria bondi n. sp. is only known from a small range of about 8 km 2 on Clinch Mountain in Russell and Washington Counties, Virginia.

Etymology: This species is named for Dr. Jason Bond of the University of California, Davis. The specific name is a genitive noun derived as a patronym.

Figures

Fig. 6. Appalachioria bondi n. sp. holotype ♂ left gonopod (VTEC SPC000282). (A) Anterior view; (B) Medial view; (C) Posterior view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 5. Color photographs of new species of xystodesmid millipedes and their color morphs. Appalachioria bondi n. sp. (A–G): AThree-spotted yellow morph with yellow legs, dorsal view, B Two-spotted pink morph with pink legs, dorsal view, C Three-spotted white morph with white legs, DThree-spotted orange morph with orange legs, ETwo-spotted yellow morph with pink legs, F.Two-spotted white morph with white legs, GThree-spotted yellow morph with pink legs, dorsal view. Appalachioria sierwaldae, n. sp. (H–I): H. Three-spotted morph with yellow paranotal spots and orange medial spots and orange legs. I. Threespotted yellow morph with yellow legs. Appalachioria brownae n. sp. (J–K): J. Three-spotted yellow morph with yellow legs. K. Two-spotted yellow morph with yellow legs. Brachoria camptera n. sp. (L–M): L. Two-spotted orange morph with white legs. M. Two-spotted red morph with red legs. Brachoria cryocybe n. sp. (N): N. Two-spotted morph with red paranotal spots and white stripe and red legs. Brachoria platana n. sp. (O–P): O. Striped red morph with red legs. P. Threespotted yellow morph with yellow legs. Rudiloria charityae n. sp. (Q): Q. Three-spotted morph with yellow paranotal spots and orange medial spots and yellow legs. Sigmoria beameri n. sp. (R): R. Two-spotted red morph with light red legs. Nannaria aenigma n. sp. (S–T): S. Two-spotted red morph with light red legs. T. Two-spotted white morph with white legs. Nannaria hokie n. sp. (U):Two-spotted red morph with gray legs.